Psyc. 150 - Chapter 6 Review

Neutral Stimulus

A stimulus that naturally and reliably evokes a response.

Conditioned stimulus

A stimulus that was once neutral but through association with other stimulus now elicits a response.

Learned Behavior

As Angel speeds down Elm Avenue, he suddenly slams on his brakes to avoid a collision with another car. Angel's response is an example of a(n) ____.

Variable Interval

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

The biological response triggered by the unconditioned stimulus

In classical conditioning the unconditioned response is: ________

Punishment

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

Acquisition

In the initial period of learning, ________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Stimulus Generalization

Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________.

A token economy, positive reinforcement, and a fixed ratio schedule

Nick wants to encourage his 6-year-old daughter, Anna, to help with family chores. He makes an outline of a rainbow with seven bands so that Anna can color in a band each time she does a chore. If she does seven chores in a week, coloring in the full rainbow, she gets $1. Nick's technique demonstrates which methods?

Classical conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; operant conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence.

One of the key distinctions between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is __________

Conditioned Stimulus

Simon's rabbit gets a treat every night. The treats come in a plastic bag that makes a crinkling sound. When the rabbit hears the bag he runs to the door of his cage to await the treat. One night Simon when Simon is eating chips the rabbit hears the sound of the bag and runs to his cage door. The sound of the bag is the: _________________

Shaping

The operant conditioning method used to increase frequency of behaviorsthat rarely or never occur is _________.

The association that Nasim made between eating the burger and feeling sick required only a single US-CS pairing.

Three years ago, Nasim ate a burger and was violently sick a few hours afterwards. Even though it was the only time up to that point that he had had this reaction to burgers, he cannot even look at a burger without feeling sick. Why is his conditioned taste aversion puzzling from the perspective of the general principles of classical conditioning?

An instinctive behavior is a more complex behavior than a reflex.

What distinguishes a reflex from an instinct?

He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

What is a correct statement about B.F. Skinner?

Spontaneous recovery

the reappearance of the conditioned response after periods of rest during extinction training is referred to as _________________.