Psyc. 150 - Chapter 7 Review

Semantics

A term referring to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words.

School Performance

The primary intention of an IQ test is to predict _________.

Natural & Artificial

Two categories that pscychology concepts can be divided into

All of the concepts are examples of Mental Set.

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

Socioeconomic Status is positively correlated with IQ

What is the correlation between Socioeconomic Status and IQ?

The world "Fluid" should be changed to the word "Crystallized".

What needs to be changed in order for the sentence to be true? "Fluid intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it."

Schema

a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world

Availability Heuristic

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common

Yes

Are standard measures of intelligence (i.e., IQ tests) positively correlated with the thickness of the cerebral cortex.

When Chris takes a test of intelligence and his grandson Abraham takes an equivalent test 50 years later, Abraham will have a higher score.

Based on the Flynn Effect, which of the following would be the most accurate prediction about intelligence?

Example of Availability Heuristic

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

70

In order for John to be assessed as having a mild intellectual disability, his IQ score had to be below______.

Poor Adaptive Behaviors

Intellectual disability is a condition diagnosed in individuals with deficits in intellectual functioning beginning in childhood and ___________________.

Example of a Schema

Marvin, who lives in San Francisco, has been asked to host a teenage alien, Regor, as part of an intergalactic exchange program. Marvin is sure that Regor would love to experience the adventure of sailing, but decides he should introduce the concept of a "sailboat" first. After some time studying, Regor has learned quite a bit about sailboats and is now excited about experiencing life on the water. So, Marvin and his dad take Regor sailing one weekend. Regor now has a set of beliefs, expectations, and personal experiences related to sailboats and sailing to which he can add new information.

Example of Hindsight Bias

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Selena's parents arrange for her to take part in an intelligence test for preschool admissions. Her individual intelligence is measured to be 125 relative to a statistically normal curve with an average of 100. This is her ____.

75% of the variance in intelligence observed in the population can be attributed to genetics.

The heritability of adult intelligence as measured by IQ tests is usually reported to be about .75, which means that ____.

Hindsight Bias

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it