PSYC 2501 - Chp 9 Quiz

Which of the following reaction time data sets illustrates the typicality effect for the bird category, given the following three trials? (NOTE: Read data sets as RTs for Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3) Trial 1: An owl is a bird. Trial 2: A penguin is a bird. Trial 3: A sparrow is a bird. a. 583: 653: 518 ms b. 518: 583: 653 ms c. 653: 583: 518 ms d. 583: 518: 653 ms

a. 583: 653: 518 ms

The definitional approach to categorization a. doesn't work well for most natural objects like birds, trees, and plants. b. was proposed to replace the prototype approach. c. sets definite criteria called family resemblances that all category members must have. d. is not well suited for geometrical objects but works for familiar everyday objects.

a. doesn't work well for most natural objects like birds, trees, and plants.

According to Rosch, the ___________ level of categories reflects people's everyday experience. a. subordinate b. basic c. exemplary d. prototypical

b. basic

Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network a. hidden units. b. connection weights c. output units d. nodes.

b. connection weights

One beneficial property of connectionist networks is graceful degradation, which refers to the property that a. learning can be generalized between similar concepts to facilitate future learning. b. damage to the system does not completely disrupt its operation. c. these networks learn by a process that is analogous to the way a child learns about the world by making mistakes and being corrected. d. learning a new concept does not interfere with remembering a previously learned concept.

b. damage to the system does not completely disrupt its operation.

The four proposals addressing the representation of concepts in the brain all agree that the information is ________. a. subordinate b. distributed c. graded d. fragile

b. distributed

For the category "fruit," people give a higher typicality rating to "banana" than to "kiwi." Knowing that, we can also reason that a. when people are asked to list all the fruits they can think of, kiwi will usually appear on their list before banana. b. the word "fruit" will lead to a larger priming effect for banana than for kiwi. c. people will have a similar number of exemplars for kiwi and banana. d. neither kiwi nor banana is likely to be the fruit "closest" to the prototype of the fruit category.

b. the word "fruit" will lead to a larger priming effect for banana than for kiwi.

According to the hub and spoke model, which area of the brain serves as the hub? a. Occipital lobe b. Parietal lobe c. Anterior temporal lobe d. Medial thalamus

c. Anterior temporal lobe

One criticism of the embodied approach is that it doesn't explain how humans can recognize ________. a. colors b. artifacts c. abstractions d. actions

c. abstractions

Which of the choices best represents cognitive economy in the following sentence? The property _______ is stored at the _______ node. a. has feathers; ostrich b. bird; penguin c. can fly; bird d. can fly; canary

c. can fly; bird

Research suggests that the ___________ approach to categorization works best for small categories (e.g., U.S. presidents). a. semantic network b. definitional c. exemplar d. prototype

c. exemplar

Which approach to categorization involves forming a standard representation based on an average of category members that a person has encountered in the past? a. Network b. Typicality c. Exemplar d. Prototype

d. Prototype

The principle illustrated when most people are able to recognize a variety of examples of chairs even though no one category member may have all of the characteristic properties of "chairs" (e.g., most chairs have four legs but not all do) is a. instance theory. b. prototypicality. c. graded membership. d. family resemblance.

d. family resemblance.

Collins and Quillian explained the results of priming experiments by introducing the concept of ___________ into their network model. a. back propagation b. cognitive economy c. typicality d. spreading activation

d. spreading activation

The semantic network model predicts that the time it takes for a person to retrieve information about a concept should be determined by a. the representativeness of the information contained in each concept. b. the typicality of the information contained in each concept. c. the amount of information contained in each concept. d. the distance that must be traveled through the network.

d. the distance that must be traveled through the network.