psyc 256 exam 2

For her research methods class, Serena plans to interview several teachers about their attitude toward teaching children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is an example of what type of measurement? a.self-report measurement b.observational measurement c.physiological measurement d.archival measurement

a

When using correlation coefficients to evaluate reliability, which of the following is undesirable? Select one: a.a correlation coefficient close to 1 b.a negative correlation coefficient c.a strong correlation coefficient d.it depends on the type of reliability being evaluated.

b

Masked or blind study designs are designed to deal with Select one: a.yea-saying biases. b.bystander effect. c.observer bias. d.faking good.

c

An educational psychologist is testing the discriminant validity of a new measure of numerical learning difficulties. He gives his measure to a group of students along with another measure of verbal learning difficulties, which he predicts should not be strongly related to numerical learning difficulties. Which of the following correlations would the psychologist hope to find in order to establish discriminant validity? Select one: a.r= 1.0 b.r=-1.0 c.r= 0.83 d.r=-0.18

d

Forced-choice question formats are especially good at dealing with which of the following issues? Select one: a.fence sitting b.faking good c.response sets d.people self-reporting more than they can know

a

How do reverse-worded items address the issue of shortcuts in surveys? Select one: a.They slow down readers, making them answer more carefully. b.They give people more answer options. c.They are easier for people to read. d.They ask each question twice so the participant answers twice.

a

In which of the following ways are content and face validity similar? a.Both involve subjective judgments. b.Both involve asking participants for their opinions about the measurement. c.Both are preferred by psychologists as ideal measures of validity. d.Both are very difficult to establish.

a

Dr. Gahan decides to create a questionnaire asking about people's attitudes toward immigration (a socially sensitive topic). He should be most concerned about which of the following? Select one: a.people self-reporting more than they can know b.fence sitting c.faking bad d.negatively worded answers

b

In order to use the known groups paradigm to establish criterion validity, which of the following is necessary? Select one: a.At least three groups must be used. b.After testing, the groups should have significantly different scores on the measure. c.Prior to testing, similarity between the groups must be demonstrated. d.The groups must be composed of experts in the field of psychology.

b

Which of the following statements is true of observational data? Select one: a.Observational measures automatically have good construct validity. b.Observational measures cannot be used to make causal claims. c.Observational measures can be used to make frequency claims. d.Observational measures provide better information than self-report data.

c

Dr. Gore is conducting a survey examining people's opinions toward funding for collegiate athletics on his campus. He notices that several participants agree with all 12 questions. This is most likely due to Select one: a.fence sitting. b.faking bad. c.observer bias. d.acquiescence.

d

Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability. Which of the following is a categorical way to operationalize caffeine consumption? a.the number of cups of coffee consumed in a day b.the number of milligrams of caffeine consumed during the study c.the frequency of buying energy drinks d.whether the participant drank coffee in the 24 hours prior to the study

d

RESEARCH STUDY 6.2: Dr. Ewell, a developmental psychologist, is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. Dr. Ewell is concerned that the children will behave differently because of the presence of research assistants. Which of the following could he do to address this concern? Select one: a.make the observations himself instead of using a research assistant b.have two undergraduate research assistants make the observations instead of just one c.observe the same-sex friend pairs on the first day and the opposite-sex friend pairs on the second day d.hide a video camera in the daycare center and record the children playing without them knowing

d

In developing a measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving), Dr. Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I frequently solve and enjoy solving crossword puzzles and Sudoku puzzles." What is the problem with this question? Select one: a.It is a forced-choice question. b.It is a double-barreled question. c.It has a double negative. d.It is a leading question.

b

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1: Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Rodriquez analyzes the data she gets from her students. She looks at the relationship between each of the individual questions. She sees that participants who agree with Question 1 also agree with Question 3 and disagree with Question 2. This is a test of which of the following? a.interrater reliability b.internal reliability c.test-retest reliability d.construct reliability

b

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1: Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Dr. Rodriquez is concerned whether the measure will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept. She is concerned about the scale's a.operational definition. b.validity. c.reliability. d.convenience.

b

In his measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving), Dr. Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I have never not enjoyed thinking." What is the problem with this question? Select one: a.It is a forced-choice question. b.It is a double-barreled question. c.It has a double negative. d.It is a leading question.

c

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1: Dr. Rodriquez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Rodriquez gives the measure to a group of participants on the first day of the semester and again on the last day of the semester. She then compares the scores between the two time points. This is a test of which of the following? a.interrater reliability b.internal reliability c.test-retest reliability d.construct reliability

c

RESEARCH STUDY 6.2: Dr. Ewell, a developmental psychologist, is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. Dr. Ewell decides to collect his data at a neighborhood park. He has his two research assistants pose as a married couple having a picnic. While having their picnic, they take detailed records of the sharing behavior of the children and note whether the pairs are same sex or opposite sex. Given his use of two research assistants, he must establish the ________ of their measures. Select one: a.face validity b.convergent validity c.interrater reliability d.test-retest reliability

c

Your friend Dominic is complaining about having to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), a test that is required to go to graduate school and is similar to the ACT and SAT. He complains, "Tests like the GRE don't really measure how well people actually do in graduate school." Dominic is questioning the ________ of the test. Select one: a.discriminant validity b.content validity c.convergent validity d.criterion validity

d