PSYC 273 Exam 3

The incidence of insomnia is greatest in___ in general, and in both men and women in ____

Women, the later stages of life

The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a

Zeitgeber

If animals that are normaly seasonal are kept in a laboratory and receive no information about changes in day length or temperature, their circannual rhythms will

Become free-running

In the absence of Sry protein, the indifferent gonad

Becomes an ovary

Peptide hormones typically affect cellular processes by

Binding to membrane-bound receptors on the cell surface

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

Bulimia nervosa, malnutrition

Epigenetic regulation involves

Changes in gene expression rather than a change in the encoding region in a gene

Which statement is about the molecular clock is false?

Clock and Cycle proteins eventually break down and the 24 hour cycle begins again

The posterior pituitary

Contains the axon terminal of vasopressin neurosecretory cells

According to some researchers, the universal properties of facial expressions may be masked by

Cultural conditioning

The hypothlamic-pituitary system is essential for the production of

Follicle-stimulating hormone

The molecular structure of STEROID hormones involves

Four interconnected rings of carbon atoms

People suffering from bulimia nervosa

Get caught in binge-purge eating cycles

Which of the following pairs of hormones have opposing effects on NPY neurons?

Ghrelin and PYY3-36

Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose?

Glucagon

Which of the following would be considered the "high road" response to a bear appearing at your picnic?

Grabbing pots and pans to make lots of noise

Children with psychosocial dwarfism often show an almost complete lack of

Growth hormone

The modern field of stress research was launched by

Hans Selye

Research using fMRI shows that drinking glucose after fasting induces activity in the

Hypothalamus

Cells located in the ___ syntesize oxytocin and vasopressin and transport these hormones to the ___

Hypothalamus, posterior pituitary

The theory of stress ___ holds that early, mild stressful experiences early in life may reduce susceptibility to stress in adulthood

Immunization

Stressful exam periods produce a(n)

Increase in norepinephrine secretion

The ovarian (menstrual) cycle is a(n) ___ rhythm

Infradian

With increased levels of adrenal steroids, the response of the immune system to pathogens such as viruses is

Inhibited

The external genitalia of an XY can have a feminine form at birth as a result of

Insensitivity to androgens

Which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen?

Insulin

Which of the following about leptin is false?

It is believed to exert short-term control over appetite

Stage 3 sleep (SWS) is characterized by

Large-amplitude delta waves

Which of the following hormones monitors the body's longer-term energy reserves in the form of fat?

Leptin

In the testes, the ___ cells produce testosterone under the influence of ___

Leydig, LH

The stress immunization seen in rat pups appears to be attributable to

Maternal comfort after stress

In the brain of the male rat, the region especially important for reproductive behavior is the

Medial preoptic area

Affection and digust are described by Plutchik's classification of emotions as

Medium-intensity forms of the basic emotions of adoration and loathing, respectively

Affection and disgust are described by Plutchik's classification of emotion as

Medium-intensity forms of the basic emotions of adoration and loathing, respectively

Which hormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight?

Melatonin

Leptin inhibits the secretion of ____ neurons, which work(s) in opposition of POMC neurons

NPY

A hormone that is normally found only in males is

None of the above

Studies have found that people presented with photographs of a model rate the face as more emotionally expressive if the photographs are

A composite of two left halves

One of the primary causes of eating disorders is believed to be

A cultural that emphasizes thinness as being attractive

Which of the following conditions causes a genetic female to develop an anatomical resembling a male?

A high level of androgen during fetal development

When deprived of time cues, people tend to show activity cycles that are

A little more than 24 hours long

Which of the following events will trigger osmotic thrist?

A salty meal

Who is most likely to develop a cold when exposed to a virus?

A student staying up late to cram for an exam

Which of the following demonstrates ectothermic behavior?

A turtle basking on a sunny log

Which of the following is not a steroid hormone?

ACTH

Small lesions near the pontine REM sleep center ___ the loss of motor inhibition during REM sleep

Abolish

The essential feature of tropic hormones is that they

Affect the secretion of other endocrine glands

Peope diagnosed with sleep apnea show all of the following symptoms except

An abundance of REM sleep

According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions, emotional experience and autonomic response

Are stimultaneously triggered by emotional stimuli

According to Charles Darwin, facial expressions

Are used as first means of communication

The polygraph does not detect lies, it detects

Arousal

Electrical stimulation of the reticular formation leads to immediate

Awakening

A drop in extracellular volume is detected by specialized

Baroreceptors

Studies involving transections at different levels of an animal's nervous system have suggested that REM sleep

Occurs in whichever part of the transected brain contains the pons

Which of the following circumventricular organs contains osmosensory neurons?

Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT)

The response to a decrease of cellular water content is called ___ thirst

Osmotic

People with a BMI of 25-30 are in the body weight category of

Overweight

Male mice with knockouts of the ___ gene display "social amnesia", failing to recognize previously encountered females

Oxytocin

Which of the following about anorexia nervosa is true?

People with anorexis think about food a great deal

The James-Lange theory of emotions argued that emotions are the

Perception of bodily changes provoked by particular stimuli

The ___ sysem is responsible for promoting REM sleep

Pontine

Neuronal and hormonal communication both involve

Specialized receptor molecules

In humans, somnambulism usually occurs durings ___ sleep

Stage 3

Sleep enuresis is associated with ___ sleep

Stage 3

The ___ facial muscles are responsible for the wrinkling of the forehead and the raising of the eyebrow.

Superficial

Experimental evidence suggests that the biological role of REM sleep may be related to

The consolidation of perceptual learning

"Fake it until you make it" is most consistent with

The facial-feedback hypothesis

The sudden attacks of sleep that occur in narcolepsy are characterized by

The immediate onset of REM

Which of the following is consistent with the fraternal birth order effect?

The more older biological brothers a boy has, the more likely he is to develop a homosexual orientation

Which statement about brain imaging studies of psychopaths is true?

The prefrontal cortex is smaller in psychopaths compared to controls

Which of the following correctly describes osmotic pressure?

The tendency of a solvent to move across a mebrane in order to equalize the concentration of solute on both sides of the membrane

Research has shown that in the forebrain system, SWS is promoted through the actions of GABA on the ___, while in the brainstem system, the ____ projects axons to the brain, promoting wakefulness.

Tuberomammillary nucleus, reticular formation

The receptors that detect drops in extracellular volume are located in the

Vascular system

Which of the following is known as antidiuretic hormone?

Vassopressin

The enzyme 5-alpha-reductase is essential for the development of the

External genitalia in males

Feelings of disgust at the sight of body fluids may have evolved to help humans avoid

Exposure to germs

Papez's circuit provides a model of the relationships of different regions in the limbic system involved in

Emotional expression

Hormone-produicing glands are called ___ glands

Endocrine

The process by which an animal slowly shifts its circadian rhythm to synchronize with the time of sunrise each day is called

Entrainment

Amino acids that are not manufactured by our bodies are classified as

Essential

Given the hypertonic solution of the sea, marine mammels are able to survive in seawater by

Excreting excess salt via salt glands

Glands that secrete thier products outside the body are referred to as ___ glands

Exocrine

Paul Ekman and colleagues have proposed the existence of facial expressions for eight emotions that are recongized across all societies. Which of the following is not one of them?

Expectation

Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with ___ sleep

REM

If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely to have been in ___ sleep just before awakening

REM

Nightmares are associated with ___ sleep

REM

REM behavior disorder (RBD) may be reduced by drugs that

Reduce anxiety

Research suggests animals that show hyperaggressive behavior may have

Reduced levels of serotonin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Thermoregulation is considered a negative feedback system because

Restoring the desired temperature turns off the response

The Coolidge effect is the

Resumption of sexual activity by a male animal when exposed to a novel female

Which of the following are the organs derived from the wolffian duct system?

Seminal vesicles, vas deferens, epididymis

Which of the following represents the correct order of the stages of reproductive behavior?

Sexual attraction, proceptive behavior, copulation, postcopulatory behavior

The molecular structure of PEPTIDE hormones involves

Short chain of amino acids

Which of the following behaviors would not be expected in a patient with bilateral damage to the amygdala?

Showing a startle response to a sudden loud noise