PSYC 312 Final Exam

What proportion of college students are believed to meet the criteria for a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder? a. 20% b. 14% c. 26% d. 8%

20%

The Drug Abuse Resistance Education program is typically aimed at ______ graders. a. 3rd and 4th b. 11th and 12th c. 8th and 9th d. 5th and 6th

5th and 6th

Hunt, Barnett, and Branch (1971) showed that __________% of the individuals treated for alcohol, tobacco, or heroin abuse in abstinence-oriented programs had returned to their primary substance use three months after treatment. a. 10 b. 70 c. 25 d. 50

70

The _______ model is the foundation for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). a. American disease b. social learning c. biological d. moral

American Disease

What is typically the first step in the substance abuse treatment process? a. selecting a counselor b. assessing the client c. setting treatment goals d. selecting the appropriate treatment environment

Assessing the client

What drug changed the entirety of psychotherapeutic medication and its history?

Chlorpromazine

The __________ model is especially important because of its prevalence in the United States. a. social learning b. moral c. sociocultural d. disease

Disease

Which of the following is an alcohol-sensitizing drug? a. disulfiram b. buspirone c. naltrexone d. acamprosate

Disulfiram

True or False: A person who takes disulfiram and then has an alcoholic drink will soon experience life-threatening symptoms such as an excessively rapid heartbeat. True False

False

____________ policies focus on decreasing the negative consequences of drug use for the individual and the community. a. proscriptive prevention b. harm-reduction c. sociocultural prevention d. distribution of consumption

Harm-reduction

Why is methadone used in the treatment of heroin abuse? a. it last longer than heroin b. it breaks down heroin before it can bind c. it blocks the receptors that heroin binds to d. it blocks the addict's craving for heroin

It blocks the addict's craving for heroin

____________ is the last stage of the stages of change model. a. maintenance b. recovery c. contemplation d. action

Maintenance

The different models used to explain substance abuse and their respective causes and treatments

Moral The making of personal choices to use alcohol and drugs in a harmful way, when other choices could have been made Punish legally or intervene spiritually. American disease Progressive, irreversible diseases that are the products of a mix of physical, psychological, and spiritual causes Identify those with the disease, confront them with it, and persuade them to abstain from drugs and alcohol. Biological Genetic or physiological processes Advise people at risk for problems of their risk status and counsel them to avoid alcohol and drugs. Social learning Complex learning based on the interaction of the individuals with their environments Arrange the environment to reinforce nonabuse of substances; do not reinforce, or punish, abuse; provide models of appropriate substance use; debunk myths about alcohol and drugs; teach nondrug alternatives for coping with stress. Sociocultural Practices and rules of subcultures and societies Intervene in ways that affect large groups or society in general (e.g., drug use laws and alcohol taxes).

The Prohibition era in the United States followed the ___________ model. a. harm reduction b. distribution of consumption c. proscriptive d. sociocultural

Proscriptive

The focus of ________ is on four key areas: motives, beliefs, emotions, and behavior a. SMART b. WFS c. SOS d. AA

SMART

Which of the depressant medications are the most dangerous

SSRIs because they increase the potential for suicide

Why some antidepressants have warning labels

SSRIs increase the possibility of suicide, especially in young children. The warning label warns that people taking antidepressants can become suicidal and should be closely monitored, especially when patients start using an antidepressant or when the dose is increased or decreased

_____________ is one of the last steps in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and involves a stable one-to-one relationship between a member with more sobriety and one with less. a. guidance b. twelfth-stepping c. sponsorship d. tutoring

Sponsorship

Steps in AA

Step 1: Admit you are powerless over alcohol - that your life has become unmanageable Step 2: Came to believe that a Power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity Step 3: Made a decision to turn our will and our lives to the care of God as we understood Him Step 4: Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves Step 5: Admitted to God, to us, and to another human being that exact nature of our wrongs Step 6: Were entirely ready to have God or move all these defects of character Step 7: humbly asked him to remove our shortcomings Step 8: made a list of all persons we had harmed, and became willing to make amends to them all Step 9: made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others Step 10: continue to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it Step 11: sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as we understood him, praying only for knowledge of his will for us and the power to carry that out Step 12: having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to other Alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs

_____________ are the most frequently used vehicles for mass media prevention efforts? a. billboards b. newspapers c. films d. tv and radio

TV and radio

______ argue(s) that lowering the legal drinking age from 21 to 18 years of age would reduce binge drinking on college campuses. a. the Governor's Highway Safety Association b. All of these are correct c. Rupert Wilkinson d. The Amethyst Initiative

The Amethyst Initiative

Wilkinson proposes that society should allow the serving of alcohol only ____________. a. at supervised public events b. when food is available c. to individuals who are not going to drive d. to those over 21

When food is available

What schizophrenia symptoms look like

agitation, mania, hallucinations, delusions, fury, and accelerate and disorganized thinking processes

`Drug classification used by psychiatrists

antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety agents, antimanic medications

Stages of change model

applies to people who change on their own or who use outside resources to change; to help us understand an addict's perception and "readiness". Five stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

The treatment most clearly implied from the __________ model is to advise at risk people of their risk for developing a substance use disorder and perhaps to counsel them to avoid alcohol or drugs. a. moral b. disease c. social learning d. biological

biological

Which of the models of prevention is the most statistical and mathematical in nature? a. proscriptive b. distribution of consumption c. harm reduction d. sociocultura

distribution of consumption

What neurotransmitter can induce psychosis

dopamine

Where are alcohol prevention efforts most likely to be effective? a. high school b. college c. elementary school d. junior high school

elementary schools

Drug therapeutic communities are most often run by __________. a. clinical psychologist b. M.D.s c. certified drug abuse counselors d. ex-addicts

ex-addicts

A needle exchange program would be an example of the ________ approach to substance abuse. a. harm reduction b. moderation management c. moral model d. disease model

harm reduction

Halfway houses are an example of a(n) ___________. a. self-help group b. intermediate setting c. outpatient setting d. hospital setting

intermediate setting

Medication that treats mania

lithium: the most specific treatments used to treat the mood disorders of mania and manic-depressive bipolar illness

In the _________ model, individuals are seen as personally responsible for the problems they incur from their drug and alcohol use. a. social learning b. moral c. sociocultural d. biological

moral

Some side effects of antipsychotics and what they look like

motor disturbances (which give the appearance of Parkinsonian syndrome), dyskinesia (disordered movements), akinesia (slowness of movement and underactivity). Tend to be dose related, the strong side effects are associated with higher doses of the antipsychotic medication. The most common side effect associated with the long-term use of antipsychotics is another extra pyramidal complication known as tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements of the mouth and tongue, trunk, and extremities)

Narcotics Anonymous evolved with a concentration on ____________ a. opiates b. cocaine c. marijuana d. hallucinogens

opiates

Individuals in the _______ stage are typically on the edge of taking action to change. a. pre-contemplation b. preparation c. contemplation d. action

preparation

Barbiturate effects

relieve anxiety at low-doses, produce intoxication at moderate doses, induce sedation or sleep at higher doses, and produce general anesthesia at even higher doses, and eventually lead to coma and death at highest.

Spontaneous remission

resolution of a problem without the help of formal treatment

Educational programs used with youthful offenders first arrested for drug possession are an example of ________ prevention. a. tertiary b. primary c. none of the above d. secondary

secondary

Advertising and education approaches to the problem of drinking and driving follow the ____________ model of prevention. a. distribution of consumption b. proscriptive c. sociocultural d. None of the above

sociocultural

Server interventions or dram shop laws arise from the __________ model of prevention. a. sociocultural b. distribution of consumption c. proscriptive d. harm reduction

sociocultural

More people resolve their substance abuse problems through ___________ than any other way. a. spontaneous remission b. cognitive-behavioral therapy c. pharmacological treatment d. self-help groups

spontaneous remission