PSYC 3200 Exam 1 Questions

Suicide prevention, substance abuse treatment, and eating disorder clinics are MOST similar to which kind of market? A) Whole Foods, a large market that offers many different types of food B) Sweet Cupcakes, a store that specializes in only one type of food C) Corner Market, a Mom and Pop store that carries rather old-fashioned food D) New York Deli, a high-end market that serves only the wealthy

Sweet Cupcakes, a store that specializes in only one type of food

Which of the following differentiates the DSM-5 from earlier versions of the DSM? A) Psychologists, not psychiatrists, are primarily responsible for the DSM-5. B) Psychiatrists, not psychologists, are primarily responsible for the DSM-5. C) The DSM-5 does not require both dimensional and categorical information. D) The DSM-5 requires both dimensional and categorical information.

The DSM-5 requires both dimensional and categorical information

Which of the following statements about the use of projective techniques by today's clinicians is TRUE? A) Projective tests are not used any more. B) The centrality of projective tests has declined since their introduction. C) Current clinicians rely on projective tests as a primary source of insight about their patients. D) Projective tests have a more prominent place in the clinician's repertoire than they did 50 years ago.

The centrality of projective tests has declined since their introduction

Of the following statements, which is MOST accurate? A) The DSM in some form has been in use for over 100 years. B) The DSM was originally developed by the American Psychoanalytic Association. C) The DSM served as the model for the classification system Emile Kraepelin later developed. D) The classification system Emil Kraepelin developed served as the model for the DSM.

The classification system Emil Kraepelin developed served as the model for he DSM

Critics of the evolutional perspective of abnormal behavior cite all of the following EXCEPT: A) It is difficult to research this perspective. B) The perspective is overly precise. C) It requires leaps of faith to believe in this perspective. D) The perspective rests on an interaction of genes and environment.

The perspective is overly precise.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the participation of women in the mental health professions? A) There are more women in social work than in counseling professions. B) Women are least often found in medicine and most often found in social work. C) The profession with the highest percentage of women is counseling. D) The majority of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists are men.

The profession with the highest percentage of women is counseling.

Which of the following distinguishes a quasi-experimental study from a true experiment? A) The quasi-experiment does not use a control group. B) The quasi-experiment uses multiple groups for comparison. C) The quasi-experiment does not use any experimental control. D) The quasi-experiment does not allow for manipulation of the independent variable.

The quasi-experiment does not allow for manipulation of the independent variable.

Which of the following results MOST likely are from an epidemiological study? A) The rate of suicide is higher in Ireland than in the United States. B) Autism is caused by influenza vaccinations. C) Child abuse is often found in the backgrounds of those with multiple personalities. D) Alcoholism runs in families.

The rate of suicide is higher in Ireland than in the United States.

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate conclusion about new drug studies, placebo studies, symptom-exacerbation studies, and medication-withdrawal studies? A) The studies provide very little useful information about the biology of disorders. B) The studies do not use scientific methods. C) The studies are often conducted on children. D) The studies have led to calls for greater safeguards for patients.

The studies have led to calls for greater safeguards for patients.

When a subject is participating in the final testing phase of a drug study, which of the following is taking place? A) The drug is being tested on animals. B) The subject is being asked about any unexpected long-term effects. C) The safety of the drug is being assessed by the subject. D) The subject is helping to determine the drug's efficacy and side effects.

The subject is helping to determine the drug's efficacy and side effects.

Which of the following statements about couple therapy is MOST accurate? A) Only about 10 percent of those who receive couple therapy eventually divorce. B) Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. C) There is a decreasing need for couple therapy based on current divorce rates. D) There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy.

There is no one theoretical approach used in couple therapy.

Which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion about the current state of abnormal psychology in the United States? A) There is no single definition of abnormality, no one theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best treatment. B) We do know what mental illness is, but we don't understand what causes it, or the best way to treat it. C) We haven't advanced much beyond the demonology era. D) Now we understand what causes mental illness and how best to treat it; plus, we can define it.

There is no single definition of abnormality, no one theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best treatment.

Which of the following is TRUE of psychological conflicts according to psychoanalysis? A) They are always sexual in nature. B) They are tied to experiences early in life. C) They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. D) They are unconscious, and therefore not a factor in conscious experience.

They are tied to experiences early in life.

According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following is TRUE regarding dreams? A) They are without real importance. B) They reflect our unconscious desires and needs. C) They are a means of reprocessing information necessary for survival. D) They are the brain's attempts to understand abnormal electrical activity.

They reflect our unconscious desires and needs.

Which of the following is the BEST conclusion you could draw about the effectiveness of the various assessment techniques? A) There is one standard assessment battery used by all clinicians. B) When all is said and done, no technique stands out as superior. C) Clinicians have abandoned the use of assessment. D) Assessment is used at the beginning of therapy but not thereafter.

When all is said and done no technique stands out as superior

The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to northern England was: A) John Dix. B) Joseph Gall. C) William Tuke. D) Benjamin Rush.

William Tuke.

A clinical diagnostician is dissatisfied with tests that cannot specify the type of brain damage or brain impairment that clients have. Your BEST suggestion for that diagnostician would be to use: A) the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. B) the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. C) the Beck Inventory. D) a battery of neuropsychological tests.

a battery of neuropsychological tests

Freud's study of Little Hans is an example of: A) a case study. B) an experiment. C) a phantasy. D) a correlational study.

a case study.

Which of the following is designed to disclose a patient's thoughts and assumptions? A) the MMPI-2 B) the Rorschach C) an affective inventory D) a cognitive inventory

a cognitive inventory

A friend says to you, "Quick! I have to take a test in two minutes. What rule can you give me to help me remember what kind of correlation coefficient shows a weak relationship between two variables?" Which of the following would you give to help your friend? A) a correlation coefficient that is statistically significant B) a correlation coefficient close to minus one (-1) C) a correlation coefficient close to zero (0) D) a correlation coefficient that doesn't prove a causal relationship between the variables

a correlation coefficient close to zero (0)

Which of the following is the BEST example of the idiographic approach? A) a detailed study of one case B) a study of the most effective treatment for phobias C) a study of the relative frequency of horse and rat phobias among adults D) a review of all of a clinician's phobic patient cases

a detailed study of one case

A clinician can include three kinds of information in making a diagnosis: a diagnostic category, a severity rating for the disorder, and additional information about possibly relevant medical conditions and sociocultural factors. According to the DSM-5, a clinician is required to include: A) all three kinds of information. B) a diagnostic category and additional information, but not a severity rating. C) a diagnostic category and a severity rating, but not additional information. D) a diagnostic category and a severity rating, but only additional medical information

a diagnostic category and a severity rating, but not additional information

Of the following, who is MOST at risk for misinterpreting a cultural response as pathology? A) an immigrant client B) an ethnic-minority client C) a dominant-culture assessor D) an ethnic-minority assessor

a dominant-culture assessor

. If you were receiving multicultural therapy, you could expect all of the following EXCEPT: A) greater sensitivity to cultural issues in therapy. B) a focus on the uniqueness of the issues you face. C) a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems. D) sensitivity to the traditions of your particular culture.

a focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems.

Which of the following is an example of a case study? A) a study involving use of a control group B) a long-term study of a clinical client C) a study of all the cases of a disorder in a community D) the creation of a disorder in a group of lab rats

a long-term study of a clinical client

Which of the following would be the BEST design to study the effects of disasters on survivors? A) an experiment B) a quasi-experiment C) a natural experiment D) a double-blind strategy

a natural experiment

If you were using the scientific method to conduct research in abnormal psychology, you would be seeking: A) an idiographic understanding. B) to advance conventional wisdom. C) a nomothetic understanding. D) to change current graduate training.

a nomothetic understanding.

Under the instructions of a psychologist, Tina's mother records the number of times Tina hits her brother at home, and what happens immediately prior to the hitting. In this situation, Tina's mother is: A) a participant observer. B) demonstrating observer bias. C) conducting structured observations. D) engaging in self-monitoring behavior.

a participant observer

"The heavier you are, the more food you are likely to eat." If it is true, this statement expresses: A) no correlation at all. B) a causal relationship. C) a positive correlation. D) a negative correlation.

a positive correlation.

A psychologist focuses on optimism, wisdom, happiness, and interpersonal skill. The psychologist is MOST likely: A) a psychoanalyst. B) a positive psychologist. C) a community mental health worker. D) a rehabilitation specialist.

a positive psychologist.

If a clinician wanted to know more detailed information about a person's functioning in a specific area, the clinician would use: A) a response inventory. B) a validity assessment. C) a measure of reliability. D) standardization.

a response inventory

Which of the following is NOT considered a research method? A) the case study B) a correlation C) an experiment D) a treatment plan for an individual

a treatment plan for an individual

One of the assumptions of a functional analysis is that: A) abnormal behaviors are learned. B) abnormal behaviors are maladaptive. C) learning about unconscious conflicts will explain a person's abnormal behavior. D) learning the structure of a person's personality will explain his or her abnormal behavior.

abnormal behaviors are learned

The diathesis-stress model of abnormality emphasizes that: A) stress is the primary factor leading to abnormality. B) a biological predisposition is the primary factor leading to abnormality. C) abnormality arises from an interaction between stress and predisposition. D) only one factor—stress or predisposition—is necessary for abnormality to occur.

abnormality arises from an interaction between stress and predisposition.

Of the people who would qualify for a DSM diagnosis in their lifetime, surveys show what percent would show comorbidity? A) about 28 percent B) about 10 percent C) about 8 percent D) less than 5 percent

about 28 percent

. If researchers using matched control subjects find that abused children are sadder than nonabused children, we know that: A) both groups of children showed equal levels of sadness before the study. B) the nonabused group differed from the abused group in many important ways. C) there were more girls than boys in the abused group because girls are more likely to be sad. D) abuse is probably what is causing the difference in sadness between these groups.

abuse is probably what is causing the difference in sadness between these groups.

So-called "new wave of cognitive therapy" differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: A) challenging irrational cognitions. B) accepting problematic thoughts. C) working to change unacceptable thoughts. D) researching the effectiveness of the therapy.

accepting problematic thoughts.

If a new test for anxiety is normed on individuals who are waiting to take introductory psychology final exams, the new test is surely lacking: A) reliability. B) adequate standardization. C) validity. D) structure.

adequate Standardization

An inventory that asks about one's level of anxiety, depression, or anger is a(n) ______ inventory. A) cognitive B) affective C) social skills D) functional

affective

The prevalence rate for a disorder will _______ the incidence rate. A) always be the same as B) always be higher than C) always be the same or higher than D) always be lower than

always be the same or higher than

If you were being treated by a shaman, you would MOST likely be undergoing: A) psychoanalysis. B) gender-sensitive therapy. C) community-based treatment. D) an exorcism.

an exorcism.

Seligman's study in which he created learned helplessness in the lab is an example of a(n) ______ study. A) analogue B) case C) epidemiological D) quasi-experimental

analogue

A researcher is interested in the effects of a new drug for treating anxiety and decides to study it in rats by conditioning in them the fear of a high-pitched noise and then testing the rats' reactions with and without the drug. This is an example of a(n): A) natural experiment. B) analogue experiment. C) quasi-experimental study. D) correlation.

analogue experiment.

If your primary symptom were excessive worry, the psychotropic drug for you would be an: A) antipsychotic. B) antidepressant. C) antiemetic. D) antianxiety medication.

antianxiety medication.

Jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy, and low self-worth. The condition is chronic and severe. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be a(n): A) stimulant drug. B) antianxiety drug. C) antipsychotic drug. D) antidepressant drug.

antidepressant drug.

Dave is confused and usually thinks that he is King David (Old Testament). If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely be a(n): A) stimulant drug. B) antianxiety drug. C) antipsychotic drug. D) antidepressant drug.

antipsychotic drug.

Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed: A) antidepressant. B) antianxiety. C) antihypochondriacal. D) antipsychotic.

antipsychotic.

External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study: A) rule out alternative explanations. B) are the result of a single variable. C) apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied. D) support the theory being tested.

apply to subjects and situations other than the ones studied.

An assumption of determinism is that abnormal behaviors: A) are learned. B) are not accidental. C) have physiological bases. D) are due to unconscious conflicts.

are not accidental.

. If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated, we know that: A) stress causes people to have poor health. B) as stress increases, health decreases. C) poor health causes people to experience stress. D) mental illness causes both stress and poor health.

as stress increases, health decreases.

When graduate schools choose students based on test scores, college grades, and relevant experience, they are engaging in: A) assessment. B) diagnosis. C) treatment. D) classification.

assessment

One who takes an evolutionary perspective with respect to abnormal behavior would be MOST likely to agree that: A) genome mapping is a waste of time. B) the evolution of adaptive and maladaptive behavior is fundamentally different. C) at one time what is now often seen as abnormal helped us survive. D) people can inherit physical but not mental capacities.

at one time what is now often seen as abnormal helped us survive

In order to justify analogue experiments with animals, researchers must: A) make the case that animals and humans are the same. B) balance the suffering of the animals with the knowledge to be gained. C) make sure that no discomfort comes to the animals used in the experiment. D) guarantee rights to the animals that are equivalent to rights granted humans.

balance the suffering of the animals with the knowledge to be gained.

Huntington's disease, which has psychological as well as physical aspects, results from loss of cells in the: A) corpus callosum. B) basal ganglia. C) hippocampus. D) amygdala.

basal ganglia

In single-subject experimental designs, the participant is observed and measured before the manipulation of an independent variable. This initial observation period is called the: A) reversal period. B) baseline period. C) normalization period. D) standardization period.

baseline period.

If someone is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy in his or her life, that person is MORE likely to ______ than someone who has social support and intimacy. A) become depressed when under stress B) become depressed even when not under stress C) become depressed, but recover more quickly D) be a carrier of depression to later generations

become depressed when under stress

The DSM-5 task force and various work groups: A) got going within a year of the publication of the DSM-IV. B) began their work in 2006. C) began their work in 2010. D) won't start their work until 2016, at the earliest.

began their work in 2006

"Abnormal behaviors—indeed, all behaviors—are acquired through learning." Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? A) behavioral B) psychodynamic C) cognitive D) humanistic-existential

behavioral

"When I was young, I met a large dog. I wasn't afraid of the dog, but as I tried to pet it, the dog snarled and jumped at me. I have been afraid of dogs ever since." A therapist who assumes that this sentence describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality? A) humanistic-existential B) behavioral C) cognitive D) psychodynamic

behavioral

A patient complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia and what the person does when he or she confronts that object. This clinician's orientation is probably: A) biological. B) behavioral. C) humanistic. D) sociocultural.

behavioral

The clinical interviewer MOST interested in stimuli that trigger abnormal responses would have what orientation? A) cognitive B) psychodynamic C) humanistic D) behavioral

behavioral

The model MOST likely to emphasize the importance of one's history of conditioning as the source of depression is the ______ model. A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) humanist-existential D) sociocultural

behavioral

The model emphasizing the importance of conditioning in determining human actions is the ______ model. A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) humanist-existential D) behavioral

behavioral

The model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the: A) behavioral model. B) sociocultural model. C) psychodynamic model. D) humanistic-existential model.

behavioral model

Theory focused on learned responses to the environment is usually described as: A) psychoanalytic. B) behavioral. C) sociocultural. D) psychodynamic.

behavioral.

Which of the following dreams is the MOST common? A) being a child again B) flying in the air C) being on the verge of falling D) being chased or pursued

being chased or pursued

The model of abnormality that cites physical processes as being the key to behavior is the: A) biological model. B) sociocultural model. C) psychodynamic model. D) humanistic-existential model.

biological model

A researcher's expectations about a study can affect its outcome. The type of research design used specifically to address this problem is a(n): A) experiment. B) random-assignment design. C) matched control group design. D) blind design.

blind design.

The DSM-5 is the first edition of the DSM that requires clinicians to provide: A) both categorical information and dimensional information. B) only categorical information. C) only dimensional information. D) neither categorical information nor dimensional information.

both categorical information and dimensional information

The correlational method and the experimental method are similar in that: A) both have external validity. B) both have internal validity. C) both have external validity and internal validity. D) neither has external validity or internal validity.

both have external validity.

Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve: A) releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain. B) bringing the four body humors back into balance. C) punishing the body for its sins. D) bloodletting.

bringing the four body humors back into balance.

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other group was given identical-looking placebo pills. All participants were evaluated for level of agitation by a panel of psychiatrists who didn't know which pill they received. In this study, how could experimenter bias be reduced? A) by having experienced psychiatrists evaluate agitation B) by having researchers who don't know who got which pill C) by adding another placebo condition D) by adding a therapy group

by having researchers who don't know who got which pill

Behavior therapy: A) can be tested in the lab. B) cannot explain the origin of abnormal behavior. C) does not have associated therapeutic techniques. D) is not based on research.

can be tested in the lab.

When more than one research method produces similar results, we: A) are suspicious of the results. B) can have more confidence in the results. C) suspect that experimenter bias has occurred. D) conclude that our results are due to confounds.

can have more confidence in the results.

Evidence in support of the psychodynamic model has come primarily from: A) lab-based human experimentation. B) experiments carried out in "real-world" settings. C) surveys. D) case studies.

case studies.

A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so his behavior is better understood. This study is a(n): A) hypothesis. B) case study. C) experimental study. D) correlation.

case study

The clinical practitioner would be MORE likely than the clinical researcher to rely on which method of investigation? A) case study with a single participant B) experimental method with many participants C) correlational method with one participant D) cross-cultural method with many participants

case study with a single participant

Concerns about the reliability and validity of the DSM-5 diagnoses are MOST likely to center on which factors? A) categories based on weak research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender or racial bias) B) categories based on field research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender or racial bias). C) categories that reflect overly restrictive descriptions D) categories too few in number to represent the breadth of human psychological disorders

categories based on weak research, and reflecting bias (for example, gender on racial bias)

If a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced ______, according to psychoanalysts. A) repression B) transference C) resistance D) catharsis

catharsis

One group of patients is treated with medication in a hospital. Another group is treated with the same medication on an outpatient basis. The diagnoses of the two groups of patients are equally serious. The BEST example of a confound in this study is the: A) characteristics of the hospital. B) type of medication given. C) seriousness of the diagnoses. D) level of improvement.

characteristics of the hospital

Imagine that a longitudinal study found that children raised by people with schizophrenia are more likely to commit crimes later. This result tells us that A) children of people with schizophrenia are at higher risk for criminal behavior. B) children of people with schizophrenia inherit a "criminal" gene. C) criminal children cause their parents to become schizophrenic. D) people with schizophrenia teach their children to become criminals.

children of people with schizophrenia are at higher risk for criminal behavior.

The view that religious views are defense mechanisms created by people to make life tolerable is MOST characteristic of: A) current thinking in the mental health profession. B) classic Freudian psychotherapy. C) conclusions drawn by research scientists. D) the way in which the mental health profession is moving.

classic Freudian psychotherapy.

The existence of disorders such as koro, susto, amok, and windigo remind us that: A) people in other cultures experience much worse disorders than we do. B) people experience the same disorders around the world, but call them different things. C) culture and diagnosis should be entirely independent. D) classifications applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another.

classification applied in one culture may not be appropriate in another

Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were the: A) physicians. B) nobility. C) peasants. D) clergy.

clergy.

The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is: A) client-centered. B) insight. C) Gestalt. D) existential.

client-centered.

One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with their problems in living as: A) pupils. B) patients. C) trainees. D) clients.

clients.

The process of evaluating a person's progress after being in treatment is called a: A) nomothetic approach. B) clinical assessment. C) behavioral diagnosis. D) functional analysis.

clinical Assessment

A person is hard at work trying to discover which combination of environmental and genetic factors produces schizophrenia. Most likely, the person is a: A) clinical researcher. B) psychiatric social worker. C) family therapist. D) counseling psychologist.

clinical researcher.

Imagine a person who works in a mental hospital analyzing various treatment protocols to see how multicultural factors impact success rates. This person is MOST likely a: A) clinical researcher. B) clinical psychologist. C) psychiatrist. D) psychiatric social worker.

clinical researcher.

An athlete who is in fact well-prepared nevertheless thinks just before a contest, "I can't do this! I need to be perfect, and I know I'm going to fail!" The theorist who would focus on the athlete's illogical thinking process as a key factor in his subsequent poor performance MOST likely would support which model of abnormality? A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) existential D) cognitive

cognitive

Today, ______ clinical psychology is the MOST popular theoretical orientation among professional psychologists. A) behavioral B) psychodynamic C) cognitive D) interpersonal

cognitive

A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n): A) social skill inventory. B) cognitive inventory. C) affective inventory. D) behavioral inventory.

cognitive inventory

The model of abnormality that concentrates on thinking is the: A) cognitive model. B) behavioral model. C) sociocultural model. D) psychodynamic model.

cognitive model

If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel, and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving: A) humanistic therapy. B) existential therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) psychoanalytic therapy.

cognitive therapy.

"Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning." The orientation of the author of this quote MOST likely would be: A) cognitive-behavioral. B) humanistic-existential. C) psychodynamic-Gestalt. D) self-efficacious.

cognitive-behavioral

The form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic, and to try out new interpretations of events, is: A) psychodynamic. B) Gestalt. C) cognitive. D) humanistic.

cognitive.

A friend of yours says, "I'm not going to the counseling center; my friends will think I'm mentally ill!" Your friend's attitude is: A) common: about one-third of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion. B) very common: over half of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion. C) not very common: about one-tenth of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion. D) rare: only about 2 out of 100 people surveyed expressed a similar opinion.

common: about one-third of people surveyed expressed a similar opinion

The technique that uses X-rays of the brain taken at different angles to create a static picture of the structure of the brain is called: A) electroencephalography. B) magnetic resonance imaging. C) position emission tomography. D) computerized axial tomography.

computerized axial tomography

If a new test for assessing anorectic tendencies produces scores comparable to those of other tests for assessing anorectic tendencies, then the new test has high: A) predictive validity. B) standardization criteria. C) concurrent validity. D) performance criteria.

concurrent validity

If you close your eyes and imagine biting into a big, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. The salivation to this imagery is an example of a(n): A) conditioned stimulus. B) conditioned response. C) unconditioned stimulus. D) unconditioned response.

conditioned response.

A child is bitten by a vicious dog in front of a park. The child is later very afraid of the park. According to classical conditioning, the park is a(n): A) conditioned stimulus. B) unconditioned stimulus. C) unconditioned response. D) conditioned response.

conditioned stimulus.

A previously neutral environmental event that becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus is called a(n): A) learned stimulus. B) conditioned stimulus. C) unconditioned stimulus. D) discriminative stimulus.

conditioned stimulus.

Dr. Martin has just asked a potential client to talk about herself. As she responds, the doctor's next question is based on some interesting point she brought up. There are few constraints on the conversation. Dr. Martin has just: A) used free association. B) conducted an unstructured interview. C) used a behavioral assessment technique. D) employed (Rogers') nondirective therapy.

conducted an unstructured interview

Factors other than the independent variable may also act on the dependent variable. If these factors vary systematically with the independent variable, they are called ______ variables. A) irrelevant B) confounding C) blind D) controlled

confounding

If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would MOST likely to be practicing: A) structural family therapy. B) conjoint family therapy. C) feminist therapy. D) self-help therapy.

conjoint family therapy.

DSM-5 tried to ensure the validity of the new edition by using all of the following procedures EXCEPT: A) decreasing the number of diagnostic categories. B) increasing the accuracy of predicting future symptoms of disorders. C) consulting with clinical advisors. D) conducting extensive research reviews.

consulting with clinical advisors

he group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment) is called the: A) control group. B) confound group. C) dependent group. D) experimental group.

control group.

Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by: A) hypnotizing patients. B) chaining patients to walls. C) correcting underlying physical pathology. D) encouraging patients to speak about past traumas.

correcting underlying physical pathology.

Parity laws for insurance coverage of mental health treatment mandate that: A) physicians and psychologists must have the same level of education. B) coverage for mental and physical problems must be reimbursed equally. C) the number of sessions allowed for treatment of mental and physical treatment must be equal. D) patients must be allowed to choose the therapist they want for treatment.

coverage for mental and physical problems must be reimbursed equally.

Which of the following ìnew diagnosesî would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about where the safest neighborhoods and schools are located be MOST likely to receive? A) eco-anxiety B) terrorism terror C) crime phobia D) cyber fear

crime phobia

After some people are told their DSM diagnoses, their "symptoms" appear to stay the same or even get worse. Many theorists would attribute this to the development of: A) generalized anxiety. B) self-fulfilling prophecies. C) somatic symptom disorders, as opposed to psychiatric disorders. D) crises of faith.

crises of faith

An adult frequently displays symptoms of depression at home, but seldom does so at work. In this case, clinical observations of this person at home would lack: A) observer bias. B) observer drift. C) structure. D) cross-situational validity.

cross-situational validity

The MOST legitimate criticism of intelligence tests concerns their: A) validity. B) cultural fairness. C) reliability. D) standardization.

cultural fairness

The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society make up that society's: A) laws. B) norms. C) culture. D) conventions.

culture

Which of the following new-diagnoses would one experiencing overwhelming concern about being bombarded with excessive information on the Internet MOST likely receive? A) eco-anxiety B) terrorism terror C) crime phobia D) cyber fear

cyber fear

Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological problems are not: A) dysfunctional. B) dangerous. C) distressing. D) deviant.

dangerous

One way a clinician might try to reduce observer drift would be to: A) increase the number of different behaviors being monitored. B) try to focus on different aspects of one behavior being monitored. C) decrease the lengths of the observation periods. D) try not to learn too much about a client before making observations.

decrease the lengths of the observation periods

The paradigm or model adopted by people in the Middle Ages to explain abnormal behavior would have been: A) sociocultural. B) biological. C) cognitive. D) demonological.

demonological

A patient's initial reaction to being told she has an STI is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: A) regression. B) sublimation. C) denial. D) rationalization.

denial

. Imagine that you are doing an ABAB reversal design study in which you are measuring level of depression with and without the addition of an exercise program. What is the first "A" in the study? A) healthy eating habits B) exercise C) no exercise D) depression

depression

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of: A) schizophrenia. B) anxiety disorders. C) depression. D) bipolar disorder.

depression

Case studies are useful for all of the following EXCEPT: A) studying unusual problems. B) learning a great deal about a particular patient. C) suggesting new areas for further study. D) determining general laws of behavior.

determining general laws of behavior.

Behavior that violates legal norms is: A) deviant and criminal. B) distressful and criminal. C) deviant and psychopathological. D) distressful and psychopathological.

deviant and criminal.

Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called: A) psychotherapy. B) assessment. C) diagnosis. D) triage.

diagnosis

If a research study on a group of children with autism comparing treatment delivered by parents at home to treatment delivered by teachers at school finds that the treatment delivered at school is more effective, which of the following is the BEST example of a confounding variable? A) the treatment B) the children C) the diagnosis D) differences between the parents and teachers

differences between the parents and teachers

Imagine that there is a statistically significant result found in a well-designed experimental research project without any confounding variables. The MOST appropriate conclusion would be that: A) the probability that the results were due to chance is more than 5 percent. B) differences in the dependent variable are likely due to the independent variable. C) causation by the independent variable cannot be assumed. D) the sample size was too small.

differences in the dependent variable are likely due to the independent variable.

Assessment tools such as the Severity of Illness Rating Scale are used to provide what kind of information for making a diagnosis? A) categorical B) dimensional C) psychosocial D) sociocultural

dimensional

Surveys of very successful therapists show that they generally do all of the following EXCEPT: A) disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit. B) help clients focus more on the clients' behaviors. C) pay attention to their interactions with their clients. D) All the answers are true about very successful therapists.

disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit

A person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for living BEST fits which of the following definitions of abnormality? A) deviance B) distress C) dangerousness D) dysfunction

distress

The MOST accurate summary of the field of abnormal psychology at the present time is that clinical psychologists generally: A) accept one definition of abnormality, and practice one form of treatment. B) do not accept one definition of abnormality, but practice one form of treatment. C) accept one definition of abnormality, but practice more than one form of treatment. D) do not accept one definition of abnormality, and practice more than one form of treatment.

do not accept one definition of abnormality, and practice more than one form of treatment.

A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when none exists. Which design would prevent this problem? A) longitudinal B) double-blind C) epidemiological D) experimental

double-blind

In preparation for a study of the effectiveness of an antischizophrenia drug, an assistant puts all drugs into capsules of the same color and codes them. The assistant will have no part in administering the drug. Neither the subjects nor the experimenter will know who gets which drug. This is an example of a: A) single-blind design. B) double-blind design. C) triple-blind design. D) quasi-experimental design.

double-blind design

College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because: A) the behavior is not illegal. B) they are just considered eccentric. C) they don't harm anyone but themselves. D) drinking is considered part of college culture.

drinking is considered part of college culture.

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively? A) distress B) deviance C) dysfunction D) danger to self or others

dysfunction

An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be considered abnormal because it is: A) dysfunctional. B) deviant. C) dysfunctional and deviant. D) dangerous.

dysfunctional and deviant.

A Secret Service agent steps in front of the President of the United States, prepared to be killed or injured if the President's safety is threatened. Psychologically speaking, the Secret Service agent's behavior is: A) functional, but psychologically abnormal. B) functional, and not psychologically abnormal. C) dysfunctional, and psychologically abnormal. D) dysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal.

dysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal

Studies show that errors in diagnosis MOST commonly involve information gathered: A) early in the assessment process, and in a hospital setting. B) late in the assessment process, and in a hospital setting. C) early in the assessment process, and in a private office setting. D) late in the assessment process, and in a private office setting.

early in the assessment process, and in a hospital setting

A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting experiments or doing library reading and records observations on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the country, but he doesn't interfere with others' lives. The BEST description of the researcher's behavior is that it is: A) eccentric. B) abnormal. C) dangerous. D) dysfunctional.

eccentric

"The force that operates on the 'reality principle' is an independent, powerful force in human functioning." The kind of theorist who would agree MOST strongly with this statement would be a(n) ______ therapist. A) classical Freudian B) self C) object relations D) ego

ego

The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) libido.

ego

If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: A) externalized. B) cultural. C) enmeshed. D) disengaged.

enmeshed.

. Describing the number of cases of mental retardation in the children of older mothers in 2005 would be a legitimate goal for a(n) ______ study. A) case B) experimental C) epidemiological D) longitudinal

epidemiological

The finding that women have higher rates of anxiety and depression than men in the United States is MOST likely due to ______ research. A) case study B) longitudinal C) analogue D) epidemiological

epidemiological

The form of correlational research that seeks to find how many new cases of a disorder occur in a group in a given time period is termed: A) longitudinal (incidence). B) longitudinal (prevalence). C) epidemiological (incidence). D) epidemiological (prevalence).

epidemiological (incidence).

Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called: A) longitudinal studies. B) experimental studies. C) developmental studies. D) epidemiological studies.

epidemiological studies.

Therapies that have received clear research support are called: A) meta-analyses. B) idiographic. C) evidence-based. D) outcome complex.

evidence-based

A clinical psychologist you know says, "How do I decide on the best treatment? Simple, I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy, and follow their advice." The clinical psychologist believes in using: A) intuitively-based treatment. B) culture-constrained treatment. C) evidence-based treatment. D) meta-analytical treatment.

evidence-based treatment

The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was caused by: A) germs. B) poisons. C) evil spirits. D) psychological trauma.

evil spirits.

Imagine that you are doing an ABAB reversal design study in which you are measuring level of depression with and without the addition of an exercise program. What is the second "B" in the study? A) healthy eating habits B) exercise C) no exercise D) depression

exercise

If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was: A) suffering from a mental illness. B) deviant but not dangerous. C) exhibiting a typical reaction. D) statistically deviant.

exhibiting a typical reaction.

"Humans are born with freedom, yet do not 'naturally' strive to reach their full growth potential." The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be: A) behavioral. B) humanistic. C) existential. D) psychodynamic.

existential

The model with its roots in the philosophical idea that people are dynamic beings, giving meaning to their existence through their actions, is the: A) humanistic model. B) existential model. C) cognitive model. D) behavioral model.

existential model.

A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities, and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, inauthentic—empty—would MOST likely be: A) humanistic. B) existential. C) psychodynamic. D) cognitive.

existential.

A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in the hope that evil spirits will be driven from the person's body. This form of therapy is called: A) exorcism. B) shaman. C) couvade. D) trephination.

exorcism.

Mass madness is a general term that includes all of the following disorders common in the Middle Ages in Europe EXCEPT: A) tarantism. B) lycanthropy. C) exorcism. D) St. Vitus's dance.

exorcism.

Which of the following is NOT an example of diathesis in the diathesis-stress explanation of abnormality? A) a genetic history of mental illness in one's family B) growing up in an unhealthy, enmeshed family C) experiencing a severe psychological trauma D) living in a high-crime, impoverished area

experiencing a severe psychological trauma

A researcher randomly divides young women suffering from anorexia into two groups. Participants in Group A receive psychotherapy and drug treatments; participants in Group B receive attention (but no therapy) and a "sugar pill." The researcher then compares participants in the two groups on relief of anorexia symptoms. 128. The preceding experiment is an example of what research design? A) experiment B) natural experiment C) correlational study D) case study

experiment

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulation's effect on another variable is observed is called a(n): A) case study. B) correlation. C) experiment. D) independent variable.

experiment.

A researcher wishes to study the effect of a new drug on symptoms of depression. Research participants are randomly assigned to two groups. Participants in Group A receive the drug whenever they report depressive symptoms to the experimenter; participants in Group B receive nothing when they report depressive symptoms to the experimenter. After a month of this procedure, participants in Group A report significantly fewer symptoms of depression. [Paragraph: Research] In the accompanying study, Group A is the: A) experimental group. B) control group. C) correlational group. D) cross-sectional group.

experimental group.

Which of the following might be an example of an analogue experiment? A) exposing laboratory rats to high levels of stress to see if they develop signs of "depression" B) having human participants live for a week in a simulated mental hospital to see how they respond C) exposing lab rats to high levels of stress and having human participants live in a simulated mental hospital would each be an example of an analogue experiment D) None of the answers is correct.

exposing lab rats to high levels of stress and having human participants live in a simulated mental hospital would each be an example of an analogue experiment

If a study's findings generalize beyond the immediate study to other persons and situations, then the study has: A) external observer bias. B) internal observer bias. C) external validity. D) internal validity.

external validity.

One of the problems with animal research is the question of whether the results can apply to human beings. This is a question of: A) face validity. B) internal validity. C) external validity. D) content validity.

external validity.

The ability to generalize results from a study of certain individuals to other individuals not studied is called: A) construct validity. B) context validity. C) internal validity. D) external validity.

external validity.

If it were necessary to get the clearest and most accurate picture of the physical anatomy of the brain in order to aid in the diagnosis of a psychological disorder, the method of choice would be: A) MMPI-2. B) fMRI. C) DAP. D) PET.

fMRI

A campus newspaper publishes an "Exam Anxiety" test, which was put together by the newspaper staff one evening just before their publishing deadline. Despite its hasty construction, the test MOST likely has: A) standardization. B) predictive validity. C) face validity. D) a standardization sample.

face validity

Because people who exhibit mania have very elevated moods, a new test for mania includes questions about how happy the person feels and how often he or she laughs. This test has: A) face validity. B) content validity. C) construct validity. D) concurrent validity.

face validity

"You know, it really doesn't matter. One kind of psychotherapy is generally just about as good as any other." One who agrees with this statement is: A) making an accurate statement about what we know about psychotherapy. B) falling victim to the uniformity myth. C) accurately reflecting the findings of most meta-analyses. D) failing to notice therapeutic rapprochement.

falling victim to the uniformity myth.

If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the United States, your therapy will last for A) a year, with weekly sessions. B) about 100 hours. C) fewer than five sessions. D) 24 hours, in an inpatient facility.

fewer than five sessions.

The greater reliability of the DSM-5 over earlier versions is MOST likely because of its: A) ability to predict the outcome of disorders more accurately. B) greater applicability to minority populations. C) greater reliance on labeling mental disorders. D) field trials of new criteria and categories.

field trials of new criteria and categories

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can lead to entrapment at a developmental level. This is called: A) fixation. B) neurosis. C) repression. D) displacement.

fixation.

To accomplish random assignment, one could assign participants to groups by: A) placing all the participants sharing an important characteristic in the same group. B) making sure there is only one participant in each group. C) flipping a coin to determine group assignment. D) asking participants to choose the group they prefer.

flipping a coin to determine group assignment.

Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: A) using I language. B) focusing on the here and now. C) role-playing. D) frustrating the client.

focusing on the here and now.

Therapists who often deliberately frustrate and challenge their clients, and who often use role playing and a "here and now" orientation, are: A) gestalt. B) neo-Freudian. C) cognitive-behavioral. D) humanistic.

gestalt.

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories generally have: A) greater reliability and greater validity. B) greater reliability and poorer validity. C) poorer reliability but greater validity. D) poorer reliability and poorer validity.

greater reliability and greater validity

Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be: A) moral therapy. B) harsh and cruel. C) religiously based. D) psychogenic therapy.

harsh and cruel.

The major advantage of a correlational study over a case study is that it: A) allows us to determine causation. B) is more individualized. C) has better external validity. D) requires fewer participants.

has better external validity.

Support for the use of evidence-based forms of psychotherapy: A) has declined in recent years. B) has increased in recent years. C) has been stable for many years. D) increased a few years ago, but is now declining.

has increased in recent years.

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories: A) have higher validity. B) are less standardized. C) have lower reliability. D) are more difficult to administer and evaluate.

have higher validity

If one were studying the hypothesis that people with high levels of stress are MORE likely to get cancer and wanted to include a matched control group, that group would: A) have low levels of stress. B) have high levels of stress. C) have cancer. D) not have cancer.

have low levels of stress.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics noted by researchers in the field? A) being a poor speller B) having a diagnosable mental illness C) being creative D) enjoying one's life

having a diagnosable mental illness

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other group was given identical-looking placebo pills. All participants were evaluated for level of agitation by a panel of psychiatrists who didn't know which pill they received. What could be a potential confound in this study? A) having some seriously ill and some moderately ill patients in both groups B) having all patients come from the same clinic C) having the drug group be inpatients and the placebo group be outpatients D) not previously testing the drug on primates

having the drug group be inpatients and the placebo group be outpatients

A new test for anxiety shows consistent levels of anxiety across time for people, but very few people have taken the test, and accurate norms don't exist. The test has: A) high reliability, but inadequate standardization. B) high reliability, and adequate standardization. C) low reliability, and inadequate standardization. D) low reliability, but adequate standardization.

high Reliability, but inadequate standardization

A person taking a polygraph test is suspected of lying when measures of physiological variables such as heart rate and perspiration are: A) higher for control than test questions. B) higher for test than control questions. C) evenly high for test and control questions. D) unchanging for test and control questions.

higher for test than control questions

A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. Clients write stories about their problems, then two different judges independently evaluate the stories in terms of how logically they are written. For this assessment technique to be useful, there must be: A) high interrater reliability. B) low observer reliability. C) high split-half reliability. D) low test-retest reliability.

higher interrater reliability

Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of: A) hormones. B) neurotransmitters. C) neurons. D) genes.

hormones

For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a: A) community center. B) spa and retreat center. C) counselor's office. D) hospital.

hospital.

People with severe mental illnesses are LESS likely to be ______ than they were 50 years ago. A) medicated with psychotropic drugs B) hospitalized in mental institutions C) homeless or in prison D) treated in outpatient facilities

hospitalized in mental institutions

The moral treatment movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: A) prejudice against those with mental disorders decreased. B) fewer and fewer immigrants were being sent to mental hospitals. C) all patients needing treatment had to be helped. D) hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded.

A feminist therapist would MOST likely focus on: A) a woman's personal responsibility for her own situation. B) the role that biology plays in psychological functioning. C) how prejudice and discrimination impact women. D) the ways in which women express their femininity.

how prejudice and discrimination impact women.

If you consulted a pro-anorexia site on the Internet, you would learn about: A) how to eat in a healthful manner. B) how to eliminate guilt when eating too much. C) effective treatments for anorexia. D) how to be a better anorexic.

how to be a better anorexic

"That's all right. You are doing your best, don't worry. I am here for you." A therapist who would say this as a primary part of the therapy process would MOST probably be following the ______ tradition. A) cognitive B) humanistic C) psychodynamic D) rational emotive

humanistic

Among her other questions, a clinical interviewer asks, "How do you feel about yourself today? How do you feel about what's going on in your life?" MOST likely, the clinical interviewer's orientation is: A) biological. B) behavioral. C) psychodynamic. D) humanistic.

humanistic

The social upheaval and soul searching of the 1960s and 1970s in Western society gave rise to which of the following approaches to therapy? A) psychodynamic B) humanistic and existential C) behavioral D) cognitive

humanistic and existentia

"When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life, and with the value they find in living." A psychologist from which background would agree MOST strongly with this statement? A) cognitive-behavioral B) humanistic-existential C) psychodynamic D) cognitive

humanistic-existential

The model that proposes that humans strive to self-actualize is the ______ model. A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) humanistic-existential D) behavioral

humanistic-existential

The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the: A) cognitive model. B) sociocultural model. C) psychodynamic model. D) humanistic-existential model.

humanistic-existential model

A therapist listens carefully to a client's words, then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will self-examine with acceptance and honesty. MOST likely, the therapist is: A) behavioral. B) cognitive-behavioral. C) psychodynamic. D) humanistic.

humanistic.

According to ______, the self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning. A) cognitive theorists B) behaviorists C) psychoanalysts D) humanists

humanists

Syphilis is to the somatogenic approach as ______ is to the psychogenic approach. A) eugenics B) tarantism C) trephinism D) hypnotism

hypnotism

The early psychogenic treatment that was advocated by Josef Breuer and Sigmund Freud was: A) prayer. B) bleeding. C) hypnotism. D) trephining.

hypnotism.

A friend says to you, "I just think the Red Sox win more games on Tuesdays than on any other day." Although your friend's statement is not very scientific, it is a(n): A) research finding. B) hypothesis. C) example of a case study. D) research conclusion.

hypothesis.

The idea that children from single-parent families do show more depression than those from two-parent families is a(n): A) variable. B) experiment. C) correlation. D) hypothesis.

hypothesis.

The statement or prediction that we make about a potential causal relationship in a proposed study is called the: A) theory. B) hypothesis. C) conclusion. D) explanation.

hypothesis.

Mesmer became famousóor infamousófor his work with patients suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients' disorders are termed: A) somatogenic. B) hysterical. C) phlegmatic. D) bilious.

hysterical.

According to Freud, a woman's pleasure from nursing her baby is reflected in which part of the personality? A) id B) ego C) superego D) ego ideal

id

The ______ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. A) id B) superego C) erogenous zone D) ego

id

A mental health practitioner attempts to learn about the behavior and emotional state of each client. This approach to abnormal psychology is called: A) behavioral. B) nomothetic. C) idiographic. D) psychodynamic.

idiographic

A study of a single person that is used to explain the underlying causes or nature of abnormal behavior in that person is consistent with the ______ approach. A) theoretical B) nomothetic C) idiographic D) correlational

idiographic

The major focus of a clinical practitioner when dealing with a new client is to gather what type of information? A) diagnostic B) nomothetic C) idiographic D) dispassionate

idiographic

A case study of a patient includes a history, tests, and interviews with associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so her behavior is understood. This approach is: A) nomothetic. B) idiographic. C) experimental. D) correlational.

idiographic.

Henry goes into a fit of depression and self-abuse when anyone criticizes or expresses disapproval. Much of what he does is for the purpose of getting people to like him. Cognitive theorists would say that Henry's depression results in large part from: A) modeling. B) self-efficacy. C) illogical thinking. D) unconscious feelings of loss.

illogical thinking.

There were 10 new cases of schizophrenia in a small town in the Midwest this week. This observation refers to the ______ of schizophrenia in this small population. A) risk B) incidence C) prevalence D) epidemiology

incidence

The number of new cases of a disorder in a population that emerge in a particular time interval is called the: A) incidence. B) prevalence. C) correlation. D) epidemiology.

incidence.

Which of the following factors leads to increased respect for assessment and diagnosis? A) the ability to identify disorders without assessment B) more global and less precise DSM-IV-TR categories C) increased assessment research D) decreased emphasis on clinical studies involving "real" patients

increased assessment research

In a scientific experiment, the variable manipulated or controlled by the experimenter is called the: A) confounding variable. B) alternative variable. C) dependent variable. D) independent variable.

independent variable.

Evidence that supports the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies has come from: A) longitudinal experimental studies. B) individual case studies. C) controlled correlational studies. D) carefully controlled experiments.

individual case studies.

Unlike the correlational method and the experimental method, the case study provides: A) good replicability. B) external validity. C) individual information. D) internal validity.

individual information.

For people to decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given full knowledge of the nature of the study and their rights. This principle is called: A) risk disclosure. B) benefit analysis. C) informed consent. D) privacy.

informed consent.

Freud believed that the three central forces that shape the personality were the: A) instincts, the ego, and the self. B) biological forces, culture, and learning. C) consciousness, unconsciousness, and instincts. D) instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards.

instinctual needs, rational thinking, and moral standards.

Binet and Simon are known for their work in creating a(n): A) projective test. B) personality inventory. C) intelligence test. D) brain scan.

intelligence test

Which category of clinical tests tends to have the BEST standardization, reliability, and validity? A) projective tests. B) intelligence tests. C) response inventories. D) personality inventories.

intelligence tests

If a particular study of alcoholism failed to control for cultural patterns in drinking among participants, the study would have low: A) external validity. B) internal validity. C) face validity. D) natural validity.

internal validity.

A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high: A) internal validity. B) predictive validity. C) interrater reliability. D) test-retest reliability.

interrater reliability

A study includes 60 people suffering from an ordinary headache. Twenty get aspirin, 20 get a sugar pill that looks like aspirin, and 20 get nothing at all. In 65 percent of the aspirin group, the headache disappears. In the other two groups the "cure" rates are 35 and 5 percent, respectively. Other than the drug condition, the participants are treated identically. This study: A) demonstrates a double-blind design. B) is an experimental study. C) contains an important confound. D) has three dependent variables.

is an experimental study.

In a graph of a correlational study, the line of best fit: A) inevitably runs from the lower left to the upper right. B) is as close as possible to all points in the graph. C) allows one to determine causality. D) has no meaning unless it is positive.

is as close as possible to all points in the graph.

One who studies the history of the field of abnormal psychology MOST likely would compare our current understanding of abnormal behavior to a book that: A) hasn't even been begun to be written. B) has received a title, but no text. C) is in the process of being written. D) is completed, and needs only to be read to be understood.

is in the process of being written.

Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy: A) is research based. B) comes from pharmaceutical companies. C) comes from double-blind studies. D) is limited to case studies.

is limited to case studies.

A researcher wishes to study the effect of a new drug on symptoms of depression. Research participants are randomly assigned to two groups. Participants in Group A receive the drug whenever they report depressive symptoms to the experimenter; participants in Group B receive nothing when they report depressive symptoms to the experimenter. After a month of this procedure, participants in Group A report significantly fewer symptoms of depression. [Paragraph: Research] A serious flaw of the accompanying study is that it: A) involves placebo therapy. B) is really a case study. C) is not a natural experiment. D) is not a double-blind design.

is not a double-blind design

Defining abnormal behavior, using the four Ds: A) allows us to create diagnoses that are clear-cut and not debatable. B) allows us to eliminate those who are merely eccentric. C) allows us to include those who experience no distress. D) is still often vague and subjective.

is still often vague and subjective.

Freud believed that the source of energy that fuels the id: A) is defense mechanisms. B) is the libido. C) is conscious. D) is learned.

is the libido

One factor that contributed to the decline of moral therapy was: A) it did not work for everyone. B) it was shown to be completely ineffective. C) too few patients were hospitalized. D) the development of psychogenic drugs replaced it.

it did not work for everyone.

All of the following are merits of the correlational method EXCEPT: A) it can be replicated. B) it can be analyzed statistically. C) its results can be generalized. D) it provides individual information.

it provides individual information.

Studies show that if you want the MOST accurate assessment of a psychological disorder, what is better, judgments of clinicians or computer models and actuarial tables? A) judgments of clinicians; they're about 10 percent more accurate B) judgments of clinicians; they're about 35 percent more accurate C) judgments of computer models and actuarial tables; they're about 10 percent more accurate D) judgments of computer models and actuarial tables; they're about 35 percent more accurate

judgments of computer models and actuarial tables; they're about 10 percent more accurate

David Rosenhan sent "pseudopatients" to a mental hospital, where they pretended to be disturbed. The results led him to conclude that ______ greatly impacts mental illness. A) an actual symptom B) the community mental health system C) labeling D) communication

labeling

A strength of intelligence tests include their: A) lack of racial or cultural bias. B) accuracy even when test takers have high anxiety. C) relatively low reliability. D) large standardization sample.

large standardization sample

According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: A) positive transference. B) negative transference. C) manifest content. D) latent content.

latent content

Personality assessment using projective tests is designed to: A) perform a functional analysis of the client. B) learn about unconscious conflicts in the client. C) obtain detailed information about specific dysfunctional behaviors. D) obtain detailed information about specific dysfunctional cognitions.

learn about unconscious conflicts in the client

A functional analysis involves: A) using projective tests. B) learning about a person's behaviors. C) learning about unconscious conflicts in the client. D) obtaining information about the components of a person's personality.

learning about a person's behaviors

A friend of yours is required to take a polygraph test as part of a job application. This requirement is: A) illegal; polygraph tests can't be used as part of a job application. B) very rare; 20 years ago, such polygraph testing was common but has almost disappeared today. C) legal; in fact, in some employment categories, polygraph use may be on the increase. D) legal; in recent years, polygraph use has increased in both public and private sector job applications.

legal; in fact, in some employment categories, polygraph use may be on the increase.

With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: A) resonate with many people who are eager to explore these issues. B) support the ideas of positive psychology. C) emphasize health. D) lend itself easily to research.

lend itself easily to research.

A college graduate is: A) more likely to seek therapy than someone who goes on to graduate school. B) equally likely to seek therapy as those with a high school education. C) less likely than someone with a postgraduate degree to seek therapy. D) less likely than someone with a high school degree to seek therapy.

less likely than someone with a postgraduate degree to seek therapy

In mindfulness-based therapy techniques, you would be MOST likely to find clients: A) focusing on setting goals for the future. B) letting their thoughts flow, without judgment. C) rejecting thoughts that are not rational. D) trying to figure out the source of their troublesome thoughts.

letting their thoughts flow, without judgment.

A psychologist was interested in the effect of hunger on psychological disturbances. The psychologist deprived half of a group of healthy volunteers of food for one day and fed the other half normally, then administered the MMPI-2 to all the participants. What was the independent variable? A) level of food deprivation B) the MMPI-2 C) the results on the MMPI-2 D) There is no independent variable because this is a correlational study.

level of food deprivation

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the researcher may be confident that: A) life stress causes symptoms of depression. B) symptoms of depression cause life stress. C) something else causes stress and depression. D) life stress and depression are related.

life stress and depression are related.

If researchers studied Vietnam veterans for 30 years after the veterans' return from Vietnam, the study would be: A) epidemiological. B) longitudinal. C) incidental. D) experimental.

longitudinal.

Depression has been linked to which neurotransmitter abnormality? A) low activity of GABA B) absence of dopamine C) low activity of serotonin D) excessive activity of norepinephrine

low activity of serotonin

An assessment tool asks individuals to record all the times they feel sad, in order to try to measure tendencies toward depression. However, individuals report wide variation from day to day in terms of the number of "sad" episodes they record. This assessment tool has: A) high test-retest reliability, and high face validity. B) high test-retest reliability, and low face validity. C) low test-retest reliability, and high face validity. D) low test-retest reliability, and low face validity.

low test-retest reliability, and high face validity

ìWhat the #%*$!! is going on? The insurance company says I have to stop my anger management program now!î The client who says this is MOST likely voicing concern about a: A) managed care program. B) private psychotherapist. C) community mental health agency. D) sociocultural resource center.

managed care program.

Research would lead you to believe that students who have the MOST Facebook friends have: A) an average number of real friends. B) only surface relationships with their real friends. C) many real friends and good relationships with them. D) the fewest real friends, because it is easier for them to connect on line.

many real friends and good relationships with them.

A recent study of informed consent forms showed that: A) most research participants don't receive them. B) most research participants are insulted by them. C) many research participants don't understand them. D) research participants generally already know their rights.

many research participants don't understand them.

Identifying which genes help cause various human disorders rests with the ability to: A) clone individuals. B) map or sequence genes. C) insert RNA into genes. D) control mutations.

map or sequences genes

A flash mob is MOST similar to: A) mass madness. B) melancholia. C) trephination. D) eco-terrorist

mass madness.

Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of: A) exorcism. B) mass madness. C) physical pathology causing mental illness. D) disorders that were treated with trephination.

mass madness.

Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped trying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek physician would have labeled his condition: A) mania. B) hysteria. C) delusional. D) melancholia.

melancholia.

If your university had a first-year program designed to ease the transition from high school to college and to decrease the dropout rates, that program would have elements MOST similar to: A) mental health prevention programs. B) positive psychology programs. C) deinstitutionalization programs. D) outpatient therapy.

mental health prevention programs.

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that: A) mental problems had a biological basis. B) demonology was a cause of mental illness. C) mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness. D) the cause of mental illness was immoral behavior.

mental illness should be treated with sympathy and kindness.

An interviewer who asks a client questions such as "Where are you now?," "Why do you think you're here?," or even "Who are you?" is probably conducting a(n): A) mental status exam. B) behavioral interview. C) sociocultural interview. D) intelligence test.

mental status exam

Standardizing and combining the findings of many different studies is called: A) outcome study. B) rapprochement. C) eclecticism. D) meta-analysis.

meta-analysis

In order to study the general effectiveness of treatment, Smith and Glass and their colleagues performed a(n): A) meta-analysis of many studies. B) analysis of their clinical cases. C) survey of many clients who had received therapy. D) controlled study that involved random assignment of subjects to treatment conditions.

meta-analysis of many studies

Animals and humans learn without reinforcement. They learn just by watching. This form of learning is called: A) shaping. B) modeling. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.

modeling

Jamal observed his parents' generous behavior throughout his childhood. As a result, he developed a positive and generous attitude toward the world. According to the behavioral model, Jamal has acquired his lifestyle through the process of: A) modeling. B) self-actualization. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.

modeling.

DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is: A) used by the World Health Organization. B) most widely used in the United States. C) used for medical disorders. D) used exclusively for children.

most widely used in the United States

Immigration trends and differences in birth rates among minority groups in the United States have caused psychological treatment to become more: A) hospital focused. B) multicultural. C) positive. D) dependent on the use of medications.

multicultural

Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our understanding of mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of: A) stress. B) natural causes. C) brain pathology. D) spiritual deviations.

natural causes.

The form of experiment used MOST often to study the psychological effects of unusual or unpredictable events is: A) natural. B) matched-control. C) analogue. D) single-subject.

natural.

A therapist's preferred method of assessing abnormal behavior is to watch clients in their everyday environments and record their activities and behaviors. This approach is known as: A) self-monitoring. B) battery observation. C) structured observation. D) naturalistic observation.

naturalistic observation

The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the: A) neuropsychological test. B) intelligence test. C) psychophysiological test. D) projective test.

neuropsychological test

People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not experience distress. They are: A) nevertheless considered to be abnormal. B) not abnormal because abnormality requires distress. C) doing something illegal, not abnormal. D) no longer considered abnormal, but were in the past.

nevertheless considered to be abnormal.

Experiments are consistent with the ______ approach. A) theoretical B) nomothetic C) idiographic D) correlational

nomothetic

Clinical researchers are usually concerned with a(n) ______ understanding of abnormality, while practitioners focus on a(n) ______ understanding. A) nomothetic, idiographic B) nomothetic, nomothetic C) idiographic, idiographic D) idiographic, nomothetic

nomothetic, idiographic

As opposed to clinical practitioners, who search for individualistic understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is: A) idiosyncratic. B) nomosynthetic. C) idiographic. D) nomothetic.

nomothetic.

General principles that explain the underlying nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal behavior are called: A) theoretical. B) nomothetic. C) idiographic. D) correlational.

nomothetic.

The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as: A) norms. B) culture. C) morality. D) conventions.

norms

A present-day clinician uses terms like "dementia" and "mental retardation" for diagnostic categories. That clinician is using terms: A) common to both the DSM-5 and previous forms of the DSM. B) not used in the DSM-5 but used in previous forms of the DSM. C) used in the DSM-5 but not used in previous forms of the DSM. D) not used in either the DSM-5 or in previous forms of the DSM.

not used in the DSM-5 but not used in previous forms of the DSM.

If an epidemiological study shows that eating disorders are more common in Western countries than in Eastern ones, we can appropriately conclude: A) that there are special pressures in Western countries that contribute to eating disorders. B) that Eastern countries have a less stressful approach to life. C) that adolescence is a more troubling time for Western than Eastern children. D) nothing about the cause of such a finding.

nothing about the cause of such a finding.

Students are given a sensation-seeking test and then divided into two groups depending on their scores. A researcher observes how many times students in each group get out of their seats in 2 hours. The dependent variable is: A) number of times getting out of one's seat. B) scores on the sensation-seeking test. C) the group of students. D) There is no dependent variable.

number of times getting out of one's seat.

The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: A) ego theory. B) self theory. C) psychoanalytic theory. D) object relations theory.

object relations theory.

A clinician who is using naturalistic observation would be MOST likely to do which of the following? A) observe parent-child interactions in an office setting B) observe parent-child interactions in the family's home C) have a parent self-monitor family interactions in an office setting D) have a parent self-monitor family interactions at home

observe parent-child interactions in the family's home

The knowledge that a person a clinician is about to interview has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to: A) reactivity. B) observer bias. C) observer drift. D) increased accuracy of the diagnosis.

observer bias

In DSM-5, which of the following diagnostic categories would no longer be considered an anxiety disorder? A) Asperger's syndrome B) binge eating disorder C) obsessive-compulsive disorder D) specific phobia

obsessive-compulsive disorder

In the United States today, one is MOST likely to find a severely ill mental patient: A) in a mental hospital. B) on the street or in jail. C) receiving drug counseling in a shelter. D) in private therapy paid for by the state.

on the street or in jail.

The only time that Timmy gets attention is when he misbehaves in a bizarre way. This is an example of: A) shaping. B) modeling. C) operant conditioning. D) classical conditioning.

operant conditioning.

When a young child yells and throws toys ("temper tantrum"), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from: A) unresolved intrapsychic conflict. B) operant conditioning. C) unconditional positive regard. D) neurotransmitter imbalances.

operant conditioning.

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: A) oral stage. B) anal stage. C) phallic stage. D) latency stage.

oral stage.

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that: A) mental patients should be deinstitutionalized. B) organic factors can cause mental illness. C) antibiotics cannot ìcureî viral diseases. D) physicians should be the ones treating mental illnesses.

organic factors can cause mental illness.

Problems with marital, family, peer, work, school, or community relationships would be MOST similar to: A) the sorts of problems Freud treated. B) other problems in living. C) problems treated in specialized treatment centers. D) other problems treated with antipsychotics.

other problems in living.

Psychoanalysis was developed as a form of: A) moral therapy. B) outpatient therapy. C) behavioral therapy. D) somatogenic therapy.

outpatient therapy.

Psychoanalysis, as Freud developed it, was a form of what we now would call: A) mesmerism. B) outpatient therapy. C) community psychology. D) Kraepelinism.

outpatient therapy.

Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States about what percentage of adults show disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment? A) under 1 percent. B) 5-10 percent C) 10-15 percent D) over 15 percent

over 15 percent

Compared to the original DSM, which appeared in the 1950s, the DSM-5 has: A) over five times as many diagnostic categories. B) about twice as many diagnostic categories. C) slightly more diagnostic categories. D) slightly fewer diagnostic categories.

over five times as many diagnostic categories

When José did not get the job, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. This thought is an example of: A) depression. B) selective perception. C) overgeneralization. D) unconditional negative regard.

overgeneralization.

In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as: A) facts. B) theories. C) paradigms. D) hypotheses.

paradigms

The function of the double-blind design is to guard against: A) participant and experimenter expectancies. B) imitation therapies. C) subject bias. D) the Rosenthal effect.

participant and experimenter expectancies.

Which of the following is NOT a common feature of managed care programs? A) limited pool of practitioners for patients to choose from B) preapproval for treatment by the insurance company C) ongoing reviews and assessments D) patient choice in number of sessions that therapy can last

patient choice in number of sessions that therapy can last

A significant change in the type of care offered now compared to the time Freud was practicing is that: A) fewer patients are suffering from anxiety and depression. B) fewer patients receive outpatient treatment. C) people are more likely to receive treatment for ìproblems in living.î D) there are fewer specialized programs focused on treating only one type of problem.

people are more likely to receive treatment for problems in living.

The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that: A) religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life. B) psychologically healthy people have more time and energy for religion. C) people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. D) people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier.

people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier.

Clients check off either "Applies" or "Does Not Apply" to a series of 200 items dealing with what they do and what they think in a variety of situations. The kind of test they are taking MOST likely is a: A) projective test. B) personality inventory. C) neuropsychological battery. D) sentence-completion test.

personality inventory

Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an imbalance in the four humors, one of which was: A) water. B) lymph gland fluid. C) phlegm. D) cerebrospinal fluid.

phlegm.

Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of: A) bipolar disorders. B) schizophrenia. C) phobias. D) substance abuse disorders.

phobias.

A researcher randomly divides young women suffering from anorexia into two groups. Participants in Group A receive psychotherapy and drug treatments; participants in Group B receive attention (but no therapy) and a "sugar pill." The researcher then compares participants in the two groups on relief of anorexia symptoms. One important criticism of the preceding research is that it is a: A) medication-withdrawal study. B) symptom-exacerbation study. C) multiple-baseline study. D) placebo study.

placebo study.

A "fake" pill used as the control condition in a drug study is a: A) placebo. B) confound. C) random variable. D) dependent variable.

placebo.

One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades has been the: A) policy of deinstitutionalization. B) use of psychotropic medication. C) decrease in the use of private psychotherapy. D) move to the community mental health approach

policy of deinstitutionalization.

Use of projective tests has decreased in the past few decades because projective tests often have: A) interrater reliability that is too high. B) poor validity. C) rigid scoring standards. D) bias in favor of minority groups.

poor validity

If your university had a program designed to help students achieve their full potential, physically, educationally, and spiritually, that program would have elements MOST similar to: A) mental health prevention programs. B) positive psychology programs. C) deinstitutionalization programs. D) outpatient therapy.

positive psychology programs.

A researcher finds individuals who report large numbers of "hassles" in their lives usually also report higher levels of stress. Those who report fewer "hassles" generally report lower levels of stress. The correlation between number of "hassles" and stress level is: A) positive. B) negative. C) curvilinear. D) nonexistent.

positive.

Regarding the finding that there are more seriously disturbed people among those who are poor, a multicultural theorist would focus on the way in which: A) personal responsibility is related to dysfunction. B) irrational thoughts contribute to one's feelings. C) poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction. D) early life experiences shape one's later behavior.

poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction.

If a clinician is using the ICD to make a diagnosis, MOST likely that clinician is: A) old-fashioned; the ICD has been out-of-date for over 30 years. B) cognitive-behavioral in orientation; the ICD was developed by cognitive-behavioral psychologists. C) practicing outside the United States. D) practicing in the United States.

practicing outside the United States

If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical: A) practitioner. B) researcher. C) historian. D) statistician.

practitioner.

A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of developing schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high: A) internal reliability. B) predictive validity. C) concurrent validity. D) test-retest reliability.

predictive reliability

A new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of other tools measuring depression. Therefore, the new assessment tool has good: A) predictive validity. B) face validity. C) interjudge reliability. D) test-retest reliability.

predictive validity

A test is constructed to identify people who will develop schizophrenia. Of the 100 people the test identifies, 93 show signs of developing schizophrenia within five years. The test may be said to have high: A) internal reliability. B) predictive validity. C) concurrent validity. D) test-retest reliability.

predictive validity

In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on: A) the biological differences between men and women. B) the different patterns of communication displayed by men and women. C) prejudice and discrimination faced by women. D) the level of rationality in the thought patterns of women.

prejudice and discrimination faced by women.

The total number of cases of a disorder in the population is called the: A) risk. B) incidence. C) prevalence. D) rate of occurrence.

prevalence.

Which of the following pairs of words BEST describes the current emphasis in mental health? A) prevention and positive psychology B) promotion and public psychology C) perfection and primary psychology D) people and professional psychology

prevention and positive psychology

A primary focus of the community treatment approach to abnormality is: A) using drugs along with psychotherapy. B) prevention. C) homeostasis. D) rejecting all conventional forms of explaining abnormality.

prevention.

Efforts to address the needs of children who are at risk for developing mental disorders (babies of teenage mothers, children of those with severe mental disorders) are categorized as: A) positive psychology. B) psychoanalysis. C) eco-anxiety treatment. D) preventive.

preventive.

The approach to therapy for mental illness in which a person pays a psychotherapist for services is called: A) sociological therapy. B) the medical approach. C) private psychotherapy. D) the community mental health approach.

private psychotherapy.

According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really: A) mental illnesses. B) problems in living. C) caused by one's early childhood experiences. D) eccentric behaviors with a biological cause.

problems in living.

A clinician has developed a test that requires test takers to tell stories about a series of pictures of city skylines. MOST likely, this new test is a A) neuropsychological test. B) personality inventory. C) response inventory. D) projective test.

projective test

George is consumed with concern that his house will burn down. Before he leaves, he makes sure that all his appliances are unplugged. He often has to go back home and check to make sure he did not leave any plugged in. Which MMPI-2 scale would he MOST likely score high on? A) schizophrenia B) psychasthenia C) social introversion D) psychopathic deviate

psychasthenia

The specialty that presently has the largest number of practitioners is: A) psychiatry. B) psychiatric social work. C) psychology. D) counseling.

psychiatric social work.

A physician who offers psychotherapy is called a: A) psychiatrist. B) clinical psychologist. C) psychodiagnostician. D) psychoanalyst.

psychiatrist

Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of: A) moral therapy. B) psychoanalysis. C) psychogenic therapy. D) all psychological therapy.

psychoanalysis.

Which of the following sequences is correct in terms of prominence of mental health treatments in the United States during the twentieth century and beyond? A) sociocultural, biological, psychoanalytic, behavioral B) psychoanalytic, biological, cognitive, sociocultural C) humanistic, sociocultural, biological psychoanalytic D) biological, humanistic, psychoanalytic, sociocultural

psychoanalytic, biological, cognitive, sociocultural

"Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality." Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? A) behavioral B) psychodynamic C) cognitive D) humanistic-existential

psychodynamic

The model MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy is the ______ model. A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) humanistic-existential D) behavioral

psychodynamic

The model MOST likely to suggest using free association to uncover unconscious processes is the ______ model. A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) humanistic-existential D) behavioral

psychodynamic

The model MOST likely to use terms such as "resistance" and "transference" is the ______ model. A) psychodynamic B) behavioral C) humanist-existential D) sociocultural

psychodynamic

The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the: A) cognitive model. B) behavioral model. C) sociocultural model. D) psychodynamic model.

psychodynamic model

A patient participates in weekly therapy for several years, gradually becoming aware of the impact of early life events on present functioning. The form of psychotherapy the patient is receiving is called: A) cognitive therapy. B) drug therapy C) psychodynamic therapy. D) behavior therapy.

psychodynamic therapy.

Teresa has been told that her course of therapy is likely to take a year or more because it involves the reshaping of her personality and that takes many sessions. Her therapy is MOST likely: A) client-centered therapy. B) psychodynamic therapy. C) cognitive-behavioral therapy. D) existential-humanistic therapy.

psychodynamic therapy.

A general term used for theories such as Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's is: A) psychiatric. B) biological. C) psychodynamic. D) psychophysical.

psychodynamic.

An otherwise ìnormalî person under the influence of hypnotic suggestion is made to bark, sit, and fetch like a dog. The occurrence of these ìabnormalî behaviors lends support to which explanation for abnormality? A) psychogenic B) somatogenic C) parthenogenic D) schizophrenegenic

psychogenic

Bernheim and LiÈbault used hypnotic suggestion to induce hysterical disorders in ìnormalî people, providing support for which perspective of abnormality? A) psychogenic B) somatogenic C) demonological D) sociocultural

psychogenic

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis? A) psychogenic B) somatogenic C) demonological D) moral

psychogenic

Youssef is the kind of person who breaks laws and rules with no feeling of guilt and is emotionally shallow. He would probably score high on the MMPI-2 scale called: A) paranoia. B) schizophrenia. C) psychasthenia. D) psychopathic deviate.

psychopathic deviate

A person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct psychotherapy is called a: A) pharmacist. B) psychopharmacologist. C) clinical psychologist. D) family practice nurse.

psychopharmacologist

A psychiatrist says, "I'm a strong believer in a combined approach to therapy. In fact, I frequently participate in combined approaches, although I don't do psychotherapy." Based on this statement, the MOST likely specialty of the psychiatrist is: A) eclecticism. B) psychopharmacology. C) rapprochement. D) cognitive-behavioral.

psychopharmacology

A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measures galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. The type of clinical test being used is: A) projective. B) psychophysiological. C) neuropsychological. D) affective response inventory.

psychophysiological

A medical researcher develops a drug that decreases symptoms of depression and other mood disorders. The general term for this type of drug is: A) psychogenic. B) somatogenic. C) psychotropic. D) somatotropic.

psychotropic.

Drugs that alleviate the symptoms of mental dysfunction by affecting the brain are called: A) psychedelics. B) antineurotics. C) psychotropics. D) psychophysiologicals.

psychotropics.

To study some gender differences, a researcher selected a group of 10 men and 10 women and treated all participants exactly the same. Each participant was given a test of psychological function. This study is an example of a(n): A) experiment. B) analogue study. C) correlational study. D) quasi-experimental study.

quasi-experimental study.

What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments except that they use groups that already exist instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups? A) quasi-experiments B) natural experiments C) correlational experiments D) developmental experiments

quasi-experiments

Not all participants are the same. Researchers use ______ to reduce the possibility that preexisting differences between groups are responsible for observed differences after experimental manipulation. A) a control group B) random selection C) random assignment D) an experimental group

random assignment

The movement that has tried to find the common strategies that "good" therapists use is called: A) uniformity. B) particularity. C) rapprochement. D) idiosyncatics.

rapprochement

You blame your poor performance on a test that you didn't study for on all the other work you had to do. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: A) denial. B) rationalization. C) intellectualization. D) sublimation.

rationalization.

A woman has had an abortion for which she feels very guilty and as a result takes a strong pro-life stance. The defense mechanism that BEST explains her behavior is: A) reaction formation. B) denial. C) regression. D) projection.

reaction formation

Imagine that you know you are being observed and you change your behavior in order to make a good impression. This is known as: A) observer drift. B) observer bias. C) reactivity. D) naturalistic change.

reactivity

When someone is watching, Jennifer actually eats fewer sweets than usual. This tendency to decrease a behavior while being observed is an example of: A) reactivity. B) observer bias. C) observer drift. D) poor reliability.

reactivity

Which of the following is NOT a procedure that DSM-5 developers relied on to improve reliability? A) conducting field trials for new criteria and categories B) reducing substantially the number of different diagnostic categories C) conducting extensive research reviews D) increasing the number of diagnostic categories and criteria

reducing substantially the number of different diagnostic categories

Dr. Ross and Dr. Carman agree that Suzette is suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. Their judgment is said to have: A) reliability. B) generalizability. C) external validity. D) internal validity.

reliability

After medical school a psychiatrist receives three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal functioning; this training is called a(n): A) residency. B) internship. C) practicum. D) community mental health tour.

residency.

Colin is asked to "free associate" about his mother's new husband and he responds by changing the subject. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: A) catharsis. B) resistance. C) transference. D) countertransference.

resistance

Which of the following is a valid critique of the use of response inventories? A) Response inventories don't have good face validity. B) Response inventories are not used much these days. C) Response inventories are standardized too rigidly. D) Response inventories are improvised as the need arises and are not well-tested.

response inventories are improvised as the need arises and are not well-tested.

According to family systems theory, families that show "disengagement" are characterized by: A) members who are overinvolved in one another's lives. B) parents who have a "laissez-faire" parenting style. C) children who very seldom fight. D) rigid boundaries between family members.

rigid boundaries between family members.

Internal validity reflects how well a study: A) rules out the effects of all variables except those being studied. B) can be generalized to others that are not studied directly. C) appears to be measuring what it is designed to measure. D) predicts some future behavior.

rules out the effects of all variables except those being studied.

One who systematically gathers information in order to describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical: A) mentalist. B) legalist. C) scientist. D) practitioner.

scientist.

The role of the unified personality is a central theme of: A) ego theory. B) self theory. C) psychoanalytic theory. D) object relations theory.

self theory.

Humanists would say that an individual who cares about others, is spontaneous, courageous, and independent is: A) authentic. B) self-actualizing. C) role playing. D) experiencing catharsis.

self-actualizing.

If you believe that you can master and perform needed behaviors whenever necessary, Bandura would say that you had a positive sense of: A) overgeneralization. B) classical conditioning. C) self-efficacy. D) modeling.

self-efficacy.

An institutionalized individual behaving abnormally says, "The doctor claims I'm schizophrenic! How else would you expect me to act?" The individual's comments reflect: A) misdiagnosis. B) reading-in-syndrome. C) a misunderstanding of multiaxial diagnosis. D) self-fulfilling prophecy.

self-fulfilling prophecy

Recently, a client diagnosed with schizophrenia has begun to exhibit more symptoms, often saying, "They tell me I'm crazy, so I must be crazy." MOST likely, this is an example of: A) self-fulfilling prophecy. B) therapist bias. C) learned helplessness. D) nomothetic disturbance.

self-fulfilling prophecy

A client reports having infrequent, but extremely disturbing, tactile hallucinations. The MOST useful of the following ways to gather information about this person would involve: A) self-monitoring. B) naturalistic observations. C) structured observations. D) a neuropsychological battery.

self-monitoring

"Let's just do away with diagnosis," says a clinician, "all we do is make things worse." That clinician's viewpoint is: A) shared by a strong majority of those working in the area of abnormality. B) shared by almost nobody working in the area of abnormality. C) shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality. D) represented in the DSM-5, which does not require a specific diagnosis.

shared by some of those working in the area of abnormality

If a patient chose a dynamic focus for therapy, the patient would MOST likely be receiving: A) relational psychoanalytic therapy. B) psychoanalysis. C) extended psychoanalytic therapy. D) short-term psychodynamic therapy.

short-term psychodynamic therapy.

The Rosenthal effect: A) is identical to the "placebo effect." B) should be avoided by using a blind design. C) is found primarily in natural experiments. D) All the answers are correct.

should be avoided by using a blind design.

Eugenics had as its goal sterilization of people with mental disorders, a policy based on the idea that mentally ill people: A) could not provide a good environment for their children. B) were mentally defective (that is, developmentally delayed). C) reproduced at a rate higher than that of the general population. D) should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes.

should not be allowed to pass on their defective genes.

If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: A) point out her misconceptions. B) give insightful interpretations of her statements. C) identify the client's unreasonable ideas and feelings. D) show unconditional positive regard for her statements.

show unconditional positive regard for her statements

Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to: A) genetic make-up. B) social factors leading to stress. C) irrational patterns of thinking. D) fixation at a lower level of ego functioning.

social factors leading to stress.

An inventory that asks about how one would act with others in a variety of situations is a(n) ______ inventory. A) cognitive B) affective C) social skills D) functional

social skills

If a clinician is particularly interested in a client's family background and community influences, MOST likely, that clinician's orientation is: A) biological. B) behavioral. C) sociocultural D) cognitive.

sociocultural

One who believes the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which of the following paradigms? A) sociocultural B) biocultural C) psychocultural D) cognitive-cultural

sociocultural

Which model of abnormality would focus on factors such as norms, family structure, and support systems, in particular? A) behavioral B) cognitive-behavioral C) gestalt D) sociocultural

sociocultural

The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the: A) behavioral model. B) sociocultural model. C) psychodynamic model. D) humanistic-existential model.

sociocultural model

The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client's family structure, societal norms, and a client's roles in society is: A) existential. B) cognitive-behavioral. C) sociocultural. D) humanistic.

sociocultural.

Eugenics sterilization reflects the ______ perspective on abnormality. A) somatogenic B) psychoanalytic C) cultural D) managed care

somatogenic

The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in psychological abnormality supports what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning? A) somatogenic B) psychogenic C) moral D) deterministic

somatogenic

Hippocrates' model of mental illness can be described as: A) psychiatric. B) somatogenic. C) psychogenic. D) supernatural.

somatogenic.

Research shows that danger to self or others is found in: A) all cases of abnormal functioning. B) most cases of abnormal functioning. C) some cases of abnormal functioning. D) no cases of abnormal functioning.

some cases of abnormal functioning.

An important factor to consider in using drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: A) some people do not benefit from drug treatments. B) drugs cannot be combined with other forms of treatment. C) drugs are not very effective in the treatment of schizophrenia. D) drugs should not be used unless surgery has been unsuccessful.

some people do not benefit from drug treatments.

Which of the following would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional? A) someone who is too confused to drive safely B) someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to class C) someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice D) someone who cannot stay alone for even one night

someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice

Which of the following patients is MOST likely to benefit most from psychoanalytic treatment? A) a person who needs to make profound behavioral changes very quickly B) a person who has difficulty expressing ideas and feelings verbally C) someone who is insightful and thinks clearly D) someone who is severely disturbed and in a mental hospital

someone who is insightful and thinks clearly

Which of the following depressed people would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder because of specific circumstances? A) someone whose mother was depressed B) someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado C) someone who was experiencing a chemical brain imbalance D) someone who was also an alcoholic

someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado

Regarding the cause of mental disorders, surveys have found that 43 percent of people today believe that mental illness is caused by which of the following? A) sinful behavior B) lack of willpower C) lack of self-discipline D) something people bring on themselves

something people bring on themselves

Another term for developing norms for an assessment tool is: A) reliability. B) face validity. C) predictive validity. D) standardization

standardization

Which of the following is part of the legacy of Dorothea Dix? A) deinstitutionalization B) state mental hospitals C) federal prisons D) privatization of mental hospitals

state mental hospitals

That 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop in their hosts' medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that: A) deviance is culturally defined. B) behavior that is not really dangerous can nevertheless be considered abnormal. C) statistical deviance is not the same thing as abnormality. D) behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal.

statistical deviance is not the same thing as abnormality.

A person with an anxiety disorder receives treatment. Because of the treatment, the person's anxiety level is lower, but he still finds it almost impossible to live a normal life. For this person, the improvement in the anxiety disorder is: A) clinically significant. B) statistically significant. C) both clinically significant and statistically significant. D) neither clinically significant nor statistically significant.

statistically significant.

As a general rule, if the sample is large, the difference between the groups is large, and the range of scores within a group is small, then the results are likely to be: A) socially meaningful. B) statistically significant. C) due to chance. D) from a triple-blind study.

statistically significant.

"Why do we do natural experiments?" asks a friend of yours. "After all, each disaster that causes a natural experiment is unique." A good answer to your friend would be, "Using natural experiments, researchers have learned quite a lot about: A) stress disorders." B) different kinds of schizophrenia." C) autism." D) bipolar disorder."

stress disorders

Which of the following is an analogue study? A) studying children in their classrooms B) studying the effects of stress in nonhumans C) studying the effects of metaphors on memory D) studying the elderly in nursing homes

studying the effects of stress in nonhumans

Case studies are useful for: A) forming general laws of behavior. B) studying unusual problems. C) conducting scientific experiments. D) eliminating observer bias.

studying unusual problems.

When Rorschach testers ask questions like, "Did the person respond to the whole picture or to specific details, and to the colors or the white spaces?" they are interested in the ______of the response. A) theme B) content C) style D) images

style

Experimenters are generally willing to: A) subject humans to more pain than animals. B) subject animals to excessive pain. C) subject animals to more discomfort than humans. D) do analogue studies with humans but not animals.

subject animals to more discomfort than humans.

Russ wants to be a good participant. He knows that his professor is an environmentalist, so his answers on the survey reflect a pro-environment position. This is an example of: A) subject bias. B) a placebo effect. C) random variation. D) experimenter bias.

subject bias.

According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that is the conscience is the: A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) ego ideal.

superego

What we would call "conscience" is MOST like what Freud would call the: A) defense mechanism. B) superego. C) ego. D) erogenous zone.

superego

Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: A) dendrites. B) axons. C) neurotransmitters. D) synapses.

synapses

A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a: A) syndrome. B) classification system. C) DSM axis. D) treatment approach.

syndrome

Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster together to form a: A) treatment. B) classification system. C) syndrome. D) medical condition.

syndrome

A client in a totally relaxed state vividly imagines formerly anxiety-arousing situations without feeling any lingering anxiety. MOST likely, that client has just completed what type of therapy? A) Freudian psychoanalysis B) family systems C) systematic desensitization D) cognitive therapy

systematic desensitization

Studies show that most therapists these days are MOST likely to learn about the latest information on treatment of psychological disorders from: A) reading research articles. B) talking with professional colleagues. C) conducting their own research. D) writing grants.

talking with professional colleagues

St. Vitus's dance, characterized by people suddenly going into convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as: A) lycanthropy. B) melancholia. C) phlegmatism. D) tarantism.

tarantism.

The first step in using the treatment called "systematic desensitization" is to: A) construct a fear hierarchy. B) construct a list of useful reinforcers. C) confront the client with the feared stimulus or thought. D) teach the skill of relaxation over the course of several sessions.

teach the skill of relaxation over the course of several sessions.

Those who are MOST likely to visit "suicide sites" on the Internet—sites that celebrate suicide and describe ways to commit suicide—are: A) the elderly, who are at low risk for imitative suicidal behavior. B) the elderly, who are at high risk for imitative suicidal behavior. C) teenagers and young adults, who are at low risk for imitative suicidal behavior. D) teenagers and young adults, who are at high risk for imitative suicidal behavior.

teenagers and young adults, who are at high risk for imitative suicidal behavior

Which of the following new diagnoses would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about the security of travel on planes and subways MOST likely receive? A) eco-anxiety B) terrorism terror C) crime phobia D) cyber fear

terrorism terror

That many people with severe disturbances are not being treated appropriately is MOSTLY a problem with which level of prevention? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) meta

tertiary

Providing treatment as soon as it is needed, so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term, is called: A) primary prevention. B) secondary prevention. C) tertiary prevention. D) quaternary prevention.

tertiary prevention.

During the preclinical phase of a drug study, researchers are: A) figuring out safe dosages of the drug in people. B) looking for long-term and unexpected side effects. C) submitting the drug to the FDA for approval. D) testing the drug on animals.

testing the drug on animals.

R. D. Laing said, ìInsanity a perfectly rational adjustment to an insane world.î This statement illustrates: A) how dangerous most mentally ill people actually are. B) that abnormality is situational. C) that everyone is a little eccentric. D) that drug use causes people to become mentally ill.

that abnormality is situational.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (presently DSM-5) was developed by: A) the American Psychoanalytic Association. B) the American Psychiatric Association. C) the American Psychological Association. D) the American Phrenological Association.

the American Psychiatric Association

When a person has organic brain impairment, that person would MOST likely have difficulty completing: A) a CAT scan. B) an EEG. C) the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test D) an MRI.

the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test

A patient looks at a series of black-and-white pictures, making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking: A) the Rorschach. B) the Thematic Apperception Test. C) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. D) an affective inventory.

the Thematic Apperception Test

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the interview process is: A) validity. B) the reliability of the technique. C) the chance to get a general sense of the client. D) that it asks only open-ended questions.

the chance to get a general sense of the client

One limitation of the clinical interview as an assessment tool is that: A) each client is different. B) the approach is too rigid. C) the client may give an overly positive picture. D) the clinician sees the client too infrequently.

the client may give an overly positive picture

The term used to refer to the comprehensive view of the causes and the maintenance of a person's abnormal behavior that a psychologist develops is: A) a model. B) a diagnosis. C) an interpretation. D) the clinical picture.

the clinical picture

Efforts to help people develop personally meaningful activities and healthy relationships are a part of: A) eco-anxiety treatment. B) a somatogenic approach to treatment. C) the clinical practice of positive psychology. D) an eccentric's level of creativity.

the clinical practice of positive psychology.

During the Middle Ages in Europe, demonology dominated views of abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) the power of the clergy increased greatly. B) the church rejected scientific forms of investigation. C) the church controlled education. D) the culture rejected religious beliefs.

the culture rejected religious beliefs.

What model of mental illness did MOST people believe in during the Middle Ages? A) the moral model B) the medical model C) the psychogenic model D) the demonology model

the demonology model

In a study designed to test a new antidepressant, a large group of outpatient psychiatric patients was randomly assigned to one of two groups. One of the groups was given the drug as a pill. The other group was given identical-looking inert pills. All participants were tested in the morning. The level of depression of each subject was measured by three psychologists independently, using the Beck Depression Inventory. Which of the following was the independent variable in this study? A) the drug B) the level of agitation C) the Beck Depression Inventory D) the assignment of the participants to groups

the drug

Which of the following would be LEAST appropriately studied, using a natural experiment? A) the effects of premarital abstinence on later sexual functioning B) the effects of war on children in Kosovo C) the effects of a plant closing on community cohesiveness D) the effects of a particularly harsh blizzard on depression

the effects of premarital abstinence on later sexual functioning

Which of the following would MOST appropriately be studied using a quasi-experimental design? A) the effects of running and weight lifting on mood B) the effects of schizophrenic parents on children's adjustment C) the effects of a parental training program on children's achievement D) the effects of a support group in helping people lose weight

the effects of schizophrenic parents on children's adjustment

A psychologist studies memory techniques in adult volunteers and learns how to facilitate memory, then applies the results to a new class of students in a psychology course. This demonstrates faith in: A) the internal validity of the study. B) the external validity of the study. C) the content validity of the technique. D) the conceptual validity of memory.

the external validity of the study.

Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Which of the following would be a part of your paradigm? A) the humanistic-existential model B) the family-social perspective C) the cognitive model D) the psychodynamic model

the family-social perspective

A clinician using an ABAB design to reduce the frequency of suicidal thoughts in a client finds that in the second "A" condition, suicidal thoughts remain as low as they had been at the end of the first "B" condition. The clinician can be reasonably sure that: A) suicidal thoughts have been permanently reduced. B) the independent variable is controlling the suicidal thoughts. C) the client is ready for additional forms of treatment. D) the independent variable is not controlling the suicidal thoughts.

the independent variable is not controlling the suicidal thoughts

Which of the following is the BEST example of baseline data in a single-subject design? A) how well the treated behavior generalizes to a non-treatment setting B) the level of the treated behavior just as treatment is ending C) how long the treatment is maintained D) the level of behavior before treatment begins

the level of behavior before treatment begins

Correlation coefficients indicate: A) the magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables. B) the cause-and-effect relationship between variables. C) the internal and external validity between variables. D) the significance and variability between variables.

the magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables.

Which of the following is an aspect of the experimental approach? A) the use of confounding variables B) observation of people over a period of time C) a detailed interpretive description of a subject D) the manipulation of a variable by the researcher

the manipulation of a variable by the researcher

The incidence of HIV+ results on campus tells you: A) one's risk for becoming HIV+. B) the number of new HIV+ cases measured in a time period. C) the total number of HIV+ cases at a given point. D) the HIV+ rate compared to the national average.

the number of new HIV+ cases measured in a time period.

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other group was given identical-looking placebo pills. All participants were evaluated for level of agitation by a panel of psychiatrists who didn't know which pill they received. What is the control group? A) the new drug B) the level of agitation C) the ones who got the placebo D) the psychiatric evaluation

the ones who got the placebo

The principle of informed consent assumes that: A) there is compensation. B) the benefits outweigh the risks. C) the participant can understand the explanation. D) there are no risks in the study under consideration.

the participant can understand the explanation.

A researcher randomly divides young women suffering from anorexia into two groups. Participants in Group A receive psychotherapy and drug treatments; participants in Group B receive attention (but no therapy) and a "sugar pill." The researcher then compares participants in the two groups on relief of anorexia symptoms. The ethical concern about placebo drug studies such as the preceding study, is that: A) the experimental group gets an untried medication. B) the placebo group gets no treatment at all. C) the placebo group gets another medication that may not be as effective. D) None of the answers is correct.

the placebo group gets no treatment at all.

Infants tend to do things that feel good. This is in accord with what Freud called: A) reflex. B) the pleasure principle. C) primary process thought. D) secondary process thought.

the pleasure principle.

The MAIN concern with the various forms of cybertherapy that are currently being used is: A) confidentiality on the Internet. B) the quality of the treatment. C) technological issues with the use of computers. D) the availability of the services.

the quality of the treatment.

The model or paradigm an investigator uses influences: A) the symptoms of a particular disorder. B) the treatment that is most effective for a disorder. C) the questions and observations the investigator uses. D) the culture in which the disorder is found.

the questions and observations the investigator uses

There are many obstacles that hinder psychologists' attempts to understand and treat disorders. All of the following are obstacles, EXCEPT: A) respecting the rights of human participants and nonhuman subjects in research. B) participants' and researchers' awareness of and expectations about research. C) the relatively rigid, unchangeable behavior and thought patterns of humans. D) All the answers are correct.

the relatively rigid, unchangeable behavior and thought patterns of humans.

The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that: A) they are relatively easy to score. B) the responses come from the client's unconscious. C) they stimulate abnormal behaviors that the clinician can observe. D) patient responses to specific stimuli will uncover specific disorders.

the responses come from the client's unconscious

Dr. Tim required half of a group of healthy volunteers to study a reading passage for 1 hour. The other half of the participants studied for 15 minutes. Dr. Tim then administered a test of their memory of details from the passage. What was the dependent variable? A) the study time B) the memory test C) the reading passage D) the results of the memory test

the results of the memory test

The controversy regarding research with animals centers on: A) the rights of animals versus their usefulness in understanding human problems. B) the financial cost of using animals versus the cost of research with humans. C) the fact that animal research really doesn't contribute to human well-being. D) the lack of standards for doing research with animals.

the rights of animals versus their usefulness in understanding human problems.

In correlational research, external validity is established when: A) all participants behave similarly. B) the correlation is positive. C) the sample is representative of the larger population. D) the correlation is smaller than 1.

the sample is representative of the larger population.

What is libido? A) the same as the id B) the source of pleasure C) the sexual energy of the id D) the sum of the id's instinctual needs

the sexual energy of the id

Hypnotism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A) Mesmer. B) the somatogenic perspective. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) the late 1700s.

the somatogenic perspective.

Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on: A) the inferiority of particular cultural groups. B) the cultural deprivation that is characteristic of some groups. C) the limitations of a focus on ethnicity. D) the special external pressures faced by members of a culture.

the special external pressures faced by members of a culture.

The decline in the use of moral treatment and the rise in the use of custodial care in mental hospitals at the end of the twentieth century is due to all of the following EXCEPT: A) the total lack of success of moral treatment. B) too many hospitals, resulting in funding and staffing shortages. C) prejudice against poor, immigrant patients in hospitals. D) lack of public and private funding for hospitals.

the total lack of success of moral treatment.

The following experiment is conducted to study the causes of aggression in children. Half the children eat a sugared cereal; the remaining half eat cornflakes. The number of aggressive acts displayed by the children in a one-hour play period after breakfast is then recorded. In this experiment: A) sugared cereal is the dependent variable and cornflakes is the independent variable. B) breakfast is the independent variable, and the group of children is the dependent variable. C) the type of cereal is the dependent variable, and the number of aggressive responses is the independent variable. D) the type of cereal is the independent variable, and the number of aggressive responses is the dependent variable.

the type of cereal is the independent variable, and the number of aggressive responses is the dependent variable.

When a clinician using the Rorschach focuses on the actual images that a person "sees," the clinician is emphasizing: A) style. B) theme. C) color. D) latency to respond.

theme

Challenges faced by clinical researchers include all of the following EXCEPT: A) measuring abnormal concepts such as mood change is difficult. B) there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research. C) rights of research participants must be carefully guarded. D) there are many variables to consider, such as gender, race, and culture.

there are very few graduate students trained in clinical research.

The MOST accurate summary of what has happened in the United States in the last 50 years to protect the rights of human research participants would be that: A) there has been important progress, but concerns still remain. B) recent changes in legal and ethical regulation of human research have virtually eliminated potential problems. C) the current situation is as bad as it has ever been. D) colleges and universities, but not governmental agencies, have made important progress in protecting human rights.

there has been important progress, but concerns still remain.

If the correlation between severity of depression and age is -05, it means that: A) older people have more severe depression. B) older people have less severe depression. C) younger people have almost no depression. D) there is no consistent relationship between age and severity of depression.

there is no consistent relationship between age and severity of depression.

There has been a recent increase in attention to and research in assessment. That said, use of effective assessment tools may be decreasing because: A) today's clinicians simply aren't trained well enough in their uses. B) most assessment tools are too simplistic, and patients can figure out the "right" answers. C) there are too many from which to choose. D) they are expensive to administer and evaluate.

they are expensive to administer and evaluate.

Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because: A) they are not deviant. B) they freely choose and enjoy their behavior. C) they are only dangerous to others, not to themselves. D) while they are distressed by their behavior, others are not.

they freely choose and enjoy their behavior.

Correlational studies and experiments are preferred over case studies for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A) they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting. B) they typically observe many individuals. C) they are more easily replicable. D) they use statistical tests to analyze results.

they offer rich details that make the results extremely interesting.

Studies of diagnostic conclusions made by clinicians show that: A) they overemphasize information gathered early in the assessment process. B) they pay too much attention to some information and too little to other information. C) they don't allow enough of their own expectations to enter into the decision. D) they do not allow their own biases to play a role in their decisions.

they pay too much attention to some information and too little to other information

Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a: A) series of contacts. B) healer. C) third-party payer. D) sufferer who seeks relief.

third-party payer.

Which of the following is the BEST way for clinicians to come to an understanding of abnormal behavior? A) to rely solely on experimental research studies B) to rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods C) to ignore studies that show conflicting results. D) to rely on conventional wisdom of past ages.

to rely on findings that have been supported by multiple research methods

. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in older men seen at a clinic tells you the: A) total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic. B) risk of a man developing a sexual dysfunction. C) number of new cases of sexual dysfunction over a period of time. D) rate of sexual dysfunction in the community.

total number of older men with sexual dysfunction at the clinic

In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospital in London, became: A) shrines. B) tourist attractions. C) sheltered workshops. D) centers of moral treatment.

tourist attractions.

In an experiment on the effects of two new drugs on mood, neither patients, researchers, nor those who are evaluating the mood of patients know which drug the patients are getting. The study is ______-blind. A) single B) double C) triple D) quadruple

triple

Of the following examples of case studies, the one MOST likely to be helpful in the study of abnormality would be a case study including a well-tested, research-supported form of therapy used to treat a(n): A) common disorder. B) depression. C) substance abuse. D) uncommon disorder.

uncommon disorder.

If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: A) spontaneity. B) unconditional self-regard. C) unconditional positive regard. D) conditions of worth.

unconditional self-regard.

If you imagine biting into a big, juicy, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. The lemon is an example of a(n): A) conditioned stimulus. B) conditioned response. C) unconditioned stimulus. D) unconditioned response.

unconditioned stimulus.

If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?" the clinician is MOST likely conducting a(n): A) mental status exam. B) interview schedule. C) structured interview. D) unstructured interview.

unstructured interview

A prisoner eligible for parole is required to take a polygraph test. Although the prisoner tells the truth in response to one question, the polygraph operator records the response as a lie. According to recent research, this kind of error is: A) extremely common; over one-third of true statements are interpreted as lies. B) unusual; less than 10 percent of true statements are interpreted as lies. C) rare; less than 3 percent of true statements are interpreted as lies. D) very rare; less than 1 percent of true statements are interpreted as lies.

unusual; less than 10 percent of true statements are interpreted as lies

A clinical psychologist you know says, "How do I decide on the best treatment? Simple, I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy, and follow their advice." The clinical psychologist you know is: A) typical; almost all therapists read about and use the most current forms of therapy. B) common; most therapists read about and use the most current forms of therapy. C) unusual; most therapists base therapy decisions on something besides what they can read in research journals. D) rare; almost all therapists make treatment decisions based upon what's available on Web sites.

unusual; most therapists base therapy decisions on something besides what they can read in research journals.

If you were to graph the relationship between the numbers of negative life events experienced in the last month and people's perceptions of stress, you would probably find a(n): A) vertical line. B) horizontal line. C) upward-sloping line (to the right). D) downward-sloping line (to the right).

upward-sloping line (to the right).

A researcher trying to eliminate the Rosenthal effect would be sure to: A) use a blind design. B) use a quasi-experimental design. C) randomly assign participants to two groups. D) randomly assign participants to three or more groups.

use a blind design.

Which one of the following forms of therapy would you NOT currently expect to find in cybertherapy? A) use of avatars B) use of e-mail therapy C) use of skype therapy D) use of tweet therapy

use of tweet therapy

A student who is quiet in class might be the life of the party on the weekend. Clinical observation of that student in class would lack: A) observer bias. B) validity. C) reactivity. D) an analog.

validity

The somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been MOST successful was the use of: A) psychosurgery. B) psychoanalysis. C) various medications. D) insulin shock therapy.

various medications.

Current research suggests that schizophrenia may be related to: A) bacterial infections at the time of puberty. B) a resistance to antibiotics. C) viral infection in utero. D) hormonal imbalances.

viral infection in utero.

The MMPI-2 is considered by many to be superior to the original MMPI because the MMPI-2: A) was tested on a more diverse group of people. B) produces results that are not comparable to the results of the original MMPI. C) has fewer items. D) produces only one score.

was tested on a more diverse group of people

A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self-reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness. From this study, we know that: A) stress causes illness. B) illness causes stress. C) some other variable causes both increases in stress levels and illness. D) we can make a fairly accurate prediction of days missed for illness if we know a person's stress level.

we can make a fairly accurate prediction of days missed for illness if we know a person's stress level.

Once a study in abnormal psychology finds significant results: A) we can conclude that the study is valid. B) we must ask a number of questions about the details of the study. C) we can apply the results to clinical practice. D) we have good information about how to prevent the disorder from occurring.

we must ask a number of questions about the details of the study.

One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that psychiatrists: A) went to medical school. B) must work in a medical setting. C) are allowed to do psychotherapy. D) have more training in mental illness.

went to medical school.

Research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: A) without any religious belief are the healthiest. B) who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. C) who are devout and see God as cold and unresponsive are the healthiest. D) who are not religious cope better with life stressors like war and illness.

who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest.

Those who are MOST likely to have been in therapy at some time in their lives are those: A) with graduate education, and the elderly. B) from the Northeast, and men. C) who are middle-aged, and women. D) who are from the West, and those with a high school diploma only.

who are middle-aged, and women

"I've just experienced overload," says the participant observer. "I simply can't: A) write down all the important things I'm seeing." B) concentrate on my observations anymore." C) be impartial anymore." D) be sure the person I'm observing is acting like she usually would."

write down all the important things I'm seeing

Of the following choices, the BEST way to select a random sample of 10 students from a class would be to: A) choose the first 10 to enter the classroom. B) choose the last 10 to leave the classroom. C) write each student's name on a piece of paper, put the papers in a pile, close your eyes, and pick 10 papers. D) ask students what their ethnicity, grade point average, and academic major are, then be sure your sample reflects all of these student characteristics

write each student's name on a piece of paper, put the papers in a pile, close your eyes, and pick 10 papers.

Imagine that you are asked to give a scientific opinion on the use of polygraphic evidence. Your BEST response would be: A) "Although they are used widely, they are not particularly reliable." B) "The APA endorses their use." C) "On average, 50 out of 100 truths are categorized as lies." D) "Most courts admit evidence from polygraphs in criminal trials."

"Although they are used widely, they are not particularly reliable."

Your friend says, "I always trust my first impressions, especially when my first impression of someone is negative." Based on research dealing with clinical interviews, your BEST answer would be: A) "You're absolutely right; that's what the research shows." B) "Be careful; the research shows that first impressions, especially negative ones, may be inaccurate." C) "You're partly right; first impressions are usually pretty accurate, but only with favorable first impressions." D) "You're partly right; first impressions usually aren't very accurate, except for unfavorable first impressions."

"Be careful; the research shows that first impressions, especially negative ones, may be inaccurate."

A classmate of yours says, "The problem with single-subject experiments is that there is no control group, so you don't know if the treatment is effective." Your BEST reply is: A) "You're absolutely right." B) "If you use a reversal design, then participants serve as their own controls." C) "Researchers routinely include control participants along with the actual participants." D) "You don't need controls; single-subject experiments are always double-blind."

"If you use a reversal design, then participants serve as their own controls."

Regarding attitudes toward therapy, people are MOST likely to agree with which of the following statements? A) "I have negative feelings when I find out an acquaintance is seeing a therapist." B) "I have particularly positive feelings when I find out an acquaintance is seeing a therapist." C) "It's better to seek drug therapy than psychotherapy." D) "It's a good idea to seek therapy for a problem before it gets out of hand."

"It's a good idea to seek therapy for a problem before it gets out of hand."

A friend says to you, "I wonder how likely I am to qualify for a DSM diagnosis in my lifetime." Based upon survey results, your MOST accurate answer would be (assuming your friend is "typical"): A) "Unlikely; about 10 percent of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis." B) "Somewhat unlikely; about 20 percent of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis." C) "Pretty likely; about one-third of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis." D) "Likely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis."

"Likely; almost half of people would ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis"

"Isn't the ABAB design pretty much a case study?" asks a friend of yours in this class. Your BEST answer would be: A) "Yes." B) "They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater internal validity." C) "They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater external validity." D) "They're not very similar, and the ABAB design has greater internal validity and greater external validity."

"They're similar, but the ABAB design has greater internal validity."

Which of the following phrases would one be MOST likely to hear in a self-help group. A) "I don't have any idea what you should do." B) "The therapist will tell us what to do." C) "Try this. It worked for me." D) "Let's talk about our dreams."

"Try this. It worked for me."

If a graph shows the years of the twentieth century along the horizontal axis, and confidence in assessment of abnormality—from low confidence to high confidence—going up the vertical axis, then confidence in assessment of abnormality over the past 50 years would be a(n): A) " u"-shaped function—high, then low, then high. B) inverted " u"-shaped function—low, then high, then low. C) decreasing linear function (\ )—steadily decreasing confidence. D) increasing linear function (/)—steadily increasing confidence.

"u"-shaped function-high, then low, then high"

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship? A) -.95 B) -.06 C) +.30 D) +.54

-.06

Which of the following correlations is MOST likely to be statistically significant? A) +.85, based on a sample of 10 people B) -.08, based on a sample of 100 people C) +.35, based on a sample of 10 people D) -.80, based on a sample of 100 people

-.80, based on a sample of 100 people

Which of the following correlation coefficients is of the highest magnitude? A) +.05 B) -.81 C) +.60 D) -.01

-.81

Assume variables X and Y are correlated. A researcher would be able to make the MOST accurate predictions of scores on variable Y if the correlation between X and Y is: A) close to zero. B) +.45. C) -.53. D) -.88.

-.88.

Surveys suggest that about what proportion of adults in the United States receive psychological therapy in a typical year? A) 1 in 10,000 B) 1 in 15 C) 1 in 6 D) 1 in 1000

1 in 6

A person with a mental age of 10 and a chronological age of 8 has an IQ of: A) 125. B) 80. C) 150. D) 40.

125

Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the: A) 1200s. B) 1500s. C) 1700s. D) 1800s.

1500s.

The number of patients hospitalized in mental hospitals in the United States today is MOST similar to the number hospitalized in: A) 1990. B) 1970. C) 1960. D) 1950.

1990

Approximately how many mental disorders does the DSM-5 list? A) 100 mental disorders B) 200 mental disorders C) 300 mental disorders D) 400 mental disorders

400 mental disorders

Patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem, on average, experience improvement greater than do ______ of people with similar problems who do not receive treatment. A) 25 percent B) 75 percent C) 100 percent D) 0 percent

75 percent

The correlational method of research may include all of the following EXCEPT: A) epidemiological studies. B) longitudinal studies. C) testing the correlation coefficient for statistical significance. D) ABAB (reversal) studies.

ABAB (reversal) studies.

If a participant's self-stimulation is observed, punished, observed again without punishment, and punished again, the design is a(n): A) multiple baseline. B) analogue. C) correlation. D) ABAB reversal.

ABAB reversal.

Which of the following statements is the BEST example of the biopsychosocial perspective? A) There is one legitimate approach to understanding mental disorders. B) Abnormality is best explained by sociocultural stresses a person experiences. C) Eclectic approaches fail to take interactions of various models into account. D) Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and cultural influences.

Abnormality results from the interaction of genetic, emotional, and cultural influences.

Surveys show that over 1/3 (33 percent) of Americans: A) think they should be able to deal with their psychological problems on their own. B) would not tell their boss they were receiving mental health treatment. C) would not want to go to a therapist to get a required diagnosis. D) All the answers are correct.

All the answers are correct

A researcher is considering whether to gather online data from Facebook users without informing the users that their data are being used. In terms of research ethics, which of the following is the MOST relevant question? A) Are Facebook postings considered "public behavior?" B) Are Facebook users a random sample of whatever population is being studied? C) Will Facebook users be able to sue if they think their rights are being violated? D) Will the potential benefits of the research outweigh the potential risks to Facebook users?

Are Facebook postings considered "public behavior?"

Barney's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which of the following would suggest most strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barney's behavior? A) Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs. B) Barney wants the cookies desperately but asks his mother for a couple. C) Barney waits for his mother to leave the room, takes a few cookies, and runs away. D) Barney asks for some cookies in a whiney voice and throws a tantrum when he is denied.

Barney grabs some of the cookies and runs.

If a patient is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try out new interpretations, the patient is MOST likely being treated by a follower of: A) Beck. B) Freud. C) Bandura. D) Wolpe.

Beck

The man who brought the reforms of moral therapy to the United States was: A) John Dix. B) Joseph Gall. C) William Tuke. D) Benjamin Rush.

Benjamin Rush.

Which of the following is a reason to question the validity of clinical interviews? A) People respond differently to different interviewers. B) People may respond differently to clinicians who are not of their race. C) On different days, people might describe themselves differently. D) Clinicians might overemphasize pathology.

Clinicians might overemphasize pathology

All of the following statements would be appropriate criticisms of the sociocultural model EXCEPT: A) Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular disorder does not mean that culture causes the disorder. B) It might be that the disorder causes dysfunction in the family rather than the dysfunctional family causing the disorder. C) Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. D) It's hard to predict which people who share the same culture will develop a particular disorder.

Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders.

The American schoolteacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to mandate humane treatment of people with mental disorders was: A) William Tuke. B) Dorothea Dix. C) Clifford Beers. D) Benjamin Rush.

Dorothea Dix.

If a clinician focused on where you placed your drawing on the page, the size of the drawing, and the parts you omitted, you MOST likely took which of the following tests? A) Rorschach B) TAT C) MMPI D) Draw-a-Person

Draw-a-person

If your friend had her brain waves recorded in order to measure electrical activity, she MOST likely had a(n): A) PET scan. B) MRI. C) CAT scan. D) EEG.

EEG.

The major ethical concern with research on Facebook users is: A) there are not enough Facebook users to make the research worthwhile. B) Facebook users don't always know they are being studied. C) research projects have not been approved by universities where they are conducted. D) it is unethical to observe public behavior.

Facebook users don't always know they are being studied.

Which of the following would be MOST likely to use skillful frustration as a part of therapy? A) Fritz Perls B) Joseph Wolpe C) Abraham Maslow D) Karen Horney

Fritz Perls

Which of the following is NOT a form of neuroimaging? A) MRI B) CAT scan C) GSR D) PET

GSR

Pilgrims in Europe in the 1600s would be MOST likely to go for psychic healing to: A) Bethlehem Hospital in London. B) Gheel, Belgium. C) La BicÍtre in Paris. D) Athens, Greece.

Gheel, Belgium.

Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the obstacles that clinical scientists face in studying psychological disorders? A) The level of self-awareness that humans possess may influence the results. B) Humans have unusually stable (unchanging) moods and behavior. C) The causes of human functioning are complex. D) Ethical considerations limit the kinds of studies that can be done.

Humans have unusually stable (unchanging) moods and behavior.

Which of the following statements would offer the LEAST support for the somatogenic view of abnormal behavior? A) Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking. B) Alcoholism tends to run in families. C) People with Lyme disease often have psychological symptoms. D) Most people with depression are helped with medication.

Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking.

Studies show that eccentrics are more likely than those with mental disorders to say: A) I feel like my behavior has been thrust on me. B) I'm different and I like it. C) I am in a lot of pain and I suffer a great deal. D) I wish I were not so unique.

I'm different and I like it

Which of the following is a limitation of the case study? A) It does not result in high external validity. B) It does not lead to an individualized approach. C) It does not enable the therapist to understand the whole patient. D) It does not allow the therapist to propose a course of treatment for a patient.

It does not result in high external validity.

Which of the following is true of the correlation coefficient? A) It ranges from 0.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength of the relationship between two variables. B) It ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variables. C) It ranges from 0.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variables. D) It ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength of the relationship between two variables and the total variability of those measurements.

It ranges from -1.00 to +1.00 and indicates the strength and the direction of the relationship between two variables.

How does an MRI make a picture of the brain? A) It measures the degree of activity in the various areas scanned. B) It uses X-rays, and pictures are taken at several different angles. C) It relies on the magnetic properties of the atoms in the cells scanned. D) It uses a recording of the electrical impulses produced by the neurons in the brain.

It relies on the magnetic properties of the atoms in the cells scanned.

The individual considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology is: A) Hippocrates. B) Johann Weyer. C) Dorothea Dix. D) Emil Kraepelin.

Johann Weyer.

Which of the following tests is a personality inventory? A) Draw-a-Person B) MMPI-2 C) Rorschach D) Thematic Apperception Test

MMPI-2

The only test among the following that is NOT a projective test is the: A) Rorschach. B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. C) Draw-a-Person Test. D) Thematic Apperception Test.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" (HS) and "Psychopathic deviate" (PD) is the: A) Sentence-Completion Test. B) Thematic Apperception Test. C) Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test. D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Among the following, the test with the highest validity in identifying psychological disturbances is the: A) Thematic Apperception Test. B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test. C) Rorschach.. D) Draw-a-Person.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test

Various obstacles interfere with the study of abnormal psychology. All of the following are examples, EXCEPT: A) Most clinicians oppose the scientific study of their discipline. B) Human beings are complex. C) Self-awareness may influence the results of the study. D) Clinicians have a special relationship with their research subjects.

Most clinicians oppose the scientific study of their discipline.

How difficult is it for a typical person to buy an intelligence test, or view Rorschach cards? A) Not difficult at all; one can buy intelligence tests and view Rorschach cards online. B) Somewhat difficult; one can buy intelligence tests online, but cannot view Rorschach cards online. C) Somewhat difficult; one can view Rorschach cards online, but cannot buy intelligence tests online. D) Difficult; only those in the medical or psychological professions can view Rorschach cards online, and buy intelligence tests online.

Not difficult at all; one can buy intelligence tests and view Rorschach cards online

Which of the following BEST reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization? A) Fine; most people with severe disturbances are receiving treatment. B) Not so well; many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street. C) Better than hospitalization; at least care is consistent and there is no shuttling back and forth through different levels of care. D) Well; communities have been able to pick up the care of those with severe disturbances and provide effective treatment for most all of them.

Not so well; many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street.

What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547? A) Popularly called Bedlam, it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients. B) It was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates. C) It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his numerous ex-wives. D) It was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients was practiced.

Popularly called Bedlam, it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients.

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the current care for people with less severe disturbances? A) Many are treated by generalists who specialize in a number of different types of disorders. B) Private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient treatment. C) It is difficult to find treatment for someone experiencing a ìproblem in living.î D) Private psychotherapy is available only to the wealthy.

Private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient treatment.

The discovery of the link between general paresis and syphilis was made by: A) Benjamin Rush. B) Emil Kraepelin. C) Fritz Schaudinn D) Richard von Krafft-Ebing.

Richard von Krafft-Ebing.

Which of the following is TRUE about case studies and single-subject designs? A) Single-subject designs have more internal validity. B) Single-subject designs have more external validity. C) Case studies have more external validity. D) Case studies have more internal validity.

Single-subject designs have more internal validity.