PSYC 3374 - Exam Three Prep

Moral Reasoning

As described by Kohlberg, this was tested by using hypothetical moral dilemmas and answers were categorized into 3 levels, each with two separate stages.

Three (3)

Criticisms of Kohlberg's theory includes that women were almost always considered to be at stage ___ whilst men were almost always considered to be at stage four or five.

Ethics of Caring

Do not turn away from someone in need; A part of Gilligan's Ethics of Caring that is typically assigned to girls.

Piaget

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development was highly inspired by _______.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Moral development takes place in stages and awareness of other people increases at each stage.

Antisocial

Moral reasoning is negatively associated with _____ behavior.

Prosocial

Moral reasoning is positively associated with ______ behavior.

Antisocial Behavior

Negative, destructive, unhelpful behavior.

Prosocial Behavior

Positive, constructive, helpful behavior.

Adulthood

Stage five and six of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, or Post-Conventional Moral Reasoning, typically takes place in __________ - though it is relatively rare to reach it.

Elementary School

Stage one and two of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, or Pre-conventional Moral Reasoning, typically takes place in _________.

Middle Adolescence

Stage three and four of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, or Conventional Moral Reasoning, typically takes place in ________.

Social Contract Orientation

The fifth stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development states that individuals recognize that laws and societal norms are not absolute and can be changes; Post-Conventional Morality.

Pre-Conventional Morality

The first level of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development that emphasizes the idea of rules being external to the self and right/wrong being determined by rewards and punishments.

Punishment-Obedience Orientation

The first stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development states that individuals focus on avoiding punishment and obeying authority; Pre-Conventional Morality.

Law and Order Orientation

The fourth stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development states that individuals start to understand the importance of maintaining social order and following laws set by society; Conventional Morality.

Conventional Morality

The second level of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development that emphasized the idea that individuals have internalized various moral values and that avoidance of blame and seeking approval is important.

Instrumental Relativist Orientation

The second stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development states that individuals start to consider their own interests and the interests of others; Pre-Conventional Morality.

Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

The sixth stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development states that individuals develop their own moral principles of justice, equality, and human rights; Post-Conventional Morality.

Post-Conventional Morality

The third level of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development that emphasizes the idea that the individual will define what is right in terms of broad principles of justice and that rights of others can override obedience to laws and rules.

Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation

The third stage of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development states that individuals value maintaining positive relationships and following social norms; Conventional Morality.

Formal Operations

This step in Piaget's stages of development is crucial for post-conventional moral reasoning.

Concrete Operations

This step in Piaget's stages of development is crucial for pre-conventional moral reasoning.

Ethics of Justice

What is fair for one should be fair for all; A part of Gilligan's Ethics of Caring that is typically assigned to boys.