Psyc 4072

A cross-sectional study is likely to reveal differences in performance between younger and older adults due to differences in:

cohort or time of birth

The process of life review, in which the individual reconsiders past life events, is associated with which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

Ego integrity vs. despair

Which model of development places the least emphasis on the role of the environment?

Organismic

According to modernization theory, attitudes toward older adults will be more negative the higher the society's:

industrialization.

Measures becoming outdated or obsolete is a problem primarily affecting which type of research design used to study aging?

longitudinal

Emerging adulthood is the term used to refer to which age period

18-22

Developing countries of the world will experience the greatest increase in the proportion of which age group in the population

Adults 65 and older

In an archival study, the researcher uses what type of data?

Information that was previously gathered or recorded

The notion that development in later life builds upon changes that occurred earlier in development is known as the principle of

continuity of changes

Antioxidants are thought to be important to reversing or slowing down the aging process according to which biological theory

free radical

The term "cohort" as used in research on adult development and aging refers to:

group of people born within a given span of years.

67 year old Ida Naugh is just now coming to terms with the fact that she cant jog due to her knee pain. Her realization that she has to change her form of exercise is an example of what?

identity accommodation

Dr. Chlora Fill is conducting a study on aging and stress that she just happens to be working on soon after a major earthquake hit a nearby town. She is concerned about time of measurement effects. Specifically, this means that Dr. Skurt is concerned that the:

participants will still be feeling the effects of the disaster which will affect their scores. Correct

in a cross sectional study, which of the following designs is used?

people from different cohorts are compared at one time

When a sample of people are followed over time, the less able ones tend to drop out of the sample, a problem known as:

selective attrition

the principle of reciprocity in development is best illustrated by which of the following

you leave your life foot print on those who know you

Mr. Sy Kai is 67 years old. Using the divisions of the over-65 population, he would be referred to as:

young-old

A person using the process of identity balance would have which reaction to age-related changes in physical functioning?

Maintaining a stable view of self despite the change.

The principle of intraindividual differences in the study of adult development and aging refers to which concept?

The process of change occurs along multiple dimensions of functioning

the idea that the study of changes in individuals should be studied over the entire lifespan as a function of complex, multiple systems, is captured in the term

developmental science

In adult development and aging, a "social clock" is defined as:

expectations for what is normal in the life course

Because it can never be manipulated, age can never be considered to be a(n) ________ variable:

independent

When investigators propose to conduct a new study, they are obligated to have the study reviewed by a(n):

institutional review board

Tests in adult development and aging that are valid are shown to

measure what they are supposed to measure

According to the principle of _________________, people seek out the environments that reflect their genetic inheritance; these environments in turn affect their further development.

niche-picking

The Haitian earthquake of January 2010 would be considered an example of a(n) _______ influence on development of the people who were directly affect by it.

non-normative

According to the caloric restriction hypothesis, eating a diet low in total calories slows down the aging process by:

reducing free radicals

Polly Ester is a 71-year-old woman just diagnosed with diabetes by her physician. She attributes her development of this illness to the fact that her family's ethnic background relies on food high in refined sugars and carbohydrates. Polly's cultural background represents the ________ component of the biopsychosocial model.

sociocultural

In the case report method, researchers on aging gather data by:

studying intensively one or a small number of individuals using many measures

A premise of the life-span developmental perspective is that:

aging is a lifelong process that begins at conception and ends at death.

A team of psychologists was called in by a nursing home administrator to find out how to increase the amount of food eaten by residents at meals. The researchers decided to vary the number of people seated at a table during mealtime and then compare the amount of food consumed by residents. In this study, the dependent variable was the:

amount of food consumed

Using your existing knowledge as a basis for understanding new experiences shows, in Piaget's theory, the process of

assimilation Correct

Life expectancy refers to which demographic concept?

average length of life remaining for a given age group

Having unusually strong muscles, a fit cardiovascular system, and good mobility would signify that an older adult has a young _____________ age

biological

Describe two different ways that researcher conceptualize age and provide an example for each to explain how that explanation of age may be incongruent with a person's chronological age.

Aside from chronological age, researchers can conceptualize age in a few different ways. One, they can look at biological age. This type of age looks at the persons muscle strength, cardio endurance, and mobility. An older person could be strong, with fit cardio and good mobility. This means he or she would have a young biological age but an old chronological age. Another conceptualization is psychological age. An older person could have a quick reaction time, good memory, and strong learning abilities showing that they have a young psychological age but an old chronological age.

Which of the following would be considered a "psychological" age-related factor in the biopsychosocial perspective

Changes in cognitive abilities

In sequential studies of aging, researchers use which method?

Collect data from more than one cohort at more than one time

The Centers for Disease Control regards the following as one of the five most important "bad habits" that can reduce the quality and quantity of a person's life:

Drinking and driving

What sorts of influences do you think that social class has on people's lives and why is it important in development? Give at least two specific examples.

For one, people in a higher social class tend to have more money which means they can afford better health care. Suppose two people have the exact same disease. The person in a higher social class will probably have better health care; therefore, will live a healthier and possibly longer life. Another influence social class has is education. Those in higher social classes tend to be more educated. This can lead to sharper minds, and better job opportunities.

Howie and Holly, old couple, decide to retire and join the peace corps. This is resolving what psychosocial issue?

Generativity vs. Stagnation

As discussed in a class, a major consequence of the aging of the developing nations of the world will be that they will:

Have difficulty providing economic support and health care.

Jane and Jan have recently started dating but Jane gets annoyed by Jan's reluctance to make a commitment. What psychosocial stage do Jan and Jane differ on?

Intimacy vs. isolation.

The "oldest" country in the world in terms of percent 65 and older is:

Japan

According to Bronfrenbrenner's ecological perspective, development reflects which process?

Multiple levels of the environment that interact with individual change processes.

The individual's position within society based on indices of education and occupation is known as:

Socioeconomic status

Research reported in a major newspaper states that happiness decreases in midlife and increases again in middle age due to age changes in personality. The conclusion was based on a survey of adults of different ages using a cross-sectional design. Without knowing anything more about the study, what criticism would you make of its conclusions?

The cross-sectional design did not permit conclusions about age changes.

A group of researchers testing the relationship between memory and aging find that there is a negative correlation between memory performance and age. What can the researchers justifiably conclude from this result?

The older the adult, the poorer the memory performance