PSYC 7400 CH 1 - Intro and Approach Overviews

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approaches

1) Behavior Therapy 2) Cognitive Behavior Therapy 3) Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy 4) Reality Therapy

Systems and Postmodern Approaches

1) Feminist Theory 2) Postmodern Approaches 3) Family Systems Therapy

Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Therapies

1) Person-centered Therapy 2) Existential Therapy 3) Gestalt Therapy

Psychodynamic Therapy Approaches

1) Psychoanalytic Therapy 2) Adlerian Therapy

Which of the following is NOT associated with the cognitive behavioral action oriented therapies? A) existential therapy B) cognitive therapy C) reality therapy D) behavior therapy E) rational emotive behavior therapy

A) existential therapy (p.10) (experimental and relationship)

Rudolf Dreikurs is credited with popularizing this approach in the United states.

Adlerian Therapy

This therapeutic approach is broadly considered an analytic perspective, which focuses on meaning, goals, purposeful behavior, conscious action, belonging, and social interests, but not unconscious dynamics.

Alderian Therapy

Which of the following is NOT considered an experimental and relationship-oriented therapy? A) Gestalt Theryapy B) family systems therapy C) existential approach D) person centered approach

B) family systems therapy (p.10) (systems & postmodern)

B. F. Skinner, Arnold Lazarus, and Albert Bandura were major contributors of this perspective

Behavior Therapy

This approach puts a premium on doing and on taking concrete steps to make change, with current trends on increased attention to cognitive factors.

Behavior Therapy

Synthesizing the approaches covered in the test: A) can easily be accomplished after taking an introductory course B) is usually mastered by the end of the first year of one's graduate program C) often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience D) rarely, if ever, happens and is a completely unrealistic goal

C) often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience (p.5)

Which Humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the core of the therapeutic relationship? A) psychoanalytic therapy B) Adlerian Therapy C) person-centered therapy D) cognitive-behavioral Therapy E) family therapy

C) person-centered therapy (p.12)

These approaches are sometimes called "the action oriented therapies" because they all emphasize translating insights into behavioral action.

Cognitive behavioral approaches

Person-centered Therapy

Developed by Carl Rogers, it is a non-directive (non-Freudian) , humanistic therapy in which the therapist creates an accepting climate and shows empathy, freeing clients to be themselves and releasing their natural tendency toward self-actualization.

This approach stresses the concern for what it means to be human, and suggests themes as a part of the human condition such as freedom and responsibility.

Existential Therapy

This theory is NOT a unified school of therapy with a clear theory or systematic set of techniques. but rather it is a philosophy of counseling that stresses understanding the subjective world of the client.

Existential Therapy

True or False: Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe is not dangerous in .

False, it IS dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients (p.5)

A number of significant figures have been pioneers of this approach, including Alfred Adler, Murray Bowen, Virginia Satir, Carl whitaker, Salvador Minuchin, Jay Haley, and Cloe Madanes.

Family Systems Therapy

Existential Therapy

Focuses on the basic problems of existence (e.g., meaning, choice, and responsibility) Emphasizes free will (you can choose to become the person that you want to be) Therapists encourage clients to make rewarding and socially constructive choices Key aspect is confrontation (clients are challenged to examine their values and choices and to take responsibility for the quality of their lives)

Adlerian Therapy

Founder: Alfred Adler, key figures: following Adler, Rudolf Dreikurs is credited with popularizing this approach in the United states. This is a growth model that stresses assuming responsibility, creating one's own destiny and finding meaning and goals to create a purposeful life.

Reality Therapy

Founder: William Glasser. Key figure; Robert Wubbolding. This short Term approach is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present. Through the therapeutic process, the client is able to learn more effective ways of meeting their needs.

Gestalt Therapy

Founders: Fritz and Laura Perls. An experiential therapy stressing awareness and integration; it grew as a reaction against analytic therapy. It integrates the functioning of the body and mind.

This therapy was founded by Fritz and Laura Perls. with major contributions from Miriam and Erving Polster.

Gastalt Therapy

These therapist tend to take an active role, which is in contrast to person-centered therapy, yet follow the leads provided by the client

Gestalt Therapist

This experimental approach offers awareness to the experiences of the here and now, and tends to emphasize emotion as a route to bringing about change

Gestalt Therapy

A. T. Beck founded this therapy followed by major contributors such as Judith Beck Donald Miechenbaum

Key Figure: A. T. Beck founded cognitive therapy, which gives a primary role to thinking as it influences behavior; Judith Beck continues to develop CBT. Donald Miechenbaum is a prominent contributor to the development of cognitive therapy.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Key Figure: A. T. Beck founded cognitive therapy, which gives a primary role to thinking as it influences behavior; Judith Beck continues to develop CBT. Donald Miechenbaum is a prominent contributor to the development of cognitive therapy.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Key Figure: Albert Ellis founded rational emotive behavior therapy, a highly didactic, cognitive; action - oriented model of therapy that stresses the role of thinking and belief systems as the root of personal problems

Behavior Therapy

Key Figures: B. F. Skinner, Arnold Lazarus, Albert Bandura. This approach applies to principles of learning to the resolution of specific behavioral problems. results are subject to continual experimentation. The methods of this approach are always in the process of refinement.

Michael White and David Epston are the major figures associated with __________therapy.

Narrative therapy

This therapeutic approach assumes the client have the capacity for self direction, without active intervention and direction of the therapist's part.

Person-centered Therapy

This therapy developed by Carl Rogers

Person-centered Therapy

This therapy is rooted in humanistic philosophy , places emphasis on the basic attitude of the therapist. It maintains that the therapist-client relationship is the prime determinant of the outcomes of the therapeutic relationship

Person-centered Therapy

these approaches believe that reality is socially constructed through human interaction, with focuson how people produce their own lives in the context of systems, interactions, social conditioning, and discourse.

Post Modern Approach: (family & family)

This therapy is based largely on insight, unconscious motivation, and reconstruction of the personality and is major influence on all schools of therapy.

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Albert Ellis founded this highly didactic (teaching) therapy approach

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

These two therapeutic perspectives highlight the challenging inaccurate beliefs and automatic thoughts that help people defeat self defeating assumptions and to develop new patterns of acting.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Cognitive therapy

This therapy focuses on client current behavior and stresses developing clear plans for new behaviors.

Reality Therapy

William Glasser. founded this short term approach with contributions from Robert Wubbolding.

Reality Therapy

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Sigmund Freud. A theory of personality development, a philosophy of human nature, and a method of psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors that motivate behavior. Attention is given to the events of first six years of life and that determines the later personality development.

Postmodern Approaches

Social constructionsim, Solution-focused brief therapy & narrative therapy. Social constructionsim, solution-focused brief therapy, and narrative therapy all assume that there is no single truth; rather, it is believed that reality is socially constructed through human interaction. These approaches maintain that "the client is an expert in his or her own life."

These approaches maintain that "the client is an expert in his or her own life."

Solution focused therapy and narrative therapy

Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg are the Co-founders of

Solution-focused brief therapy.

These type of approaches stress the importance of understanding individuals in the context of the surroundings that influence their development

Systems Approach: (feminist & family)

Feminist Theory

This approach grew out of the efforts of many women, a few of whom are Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn Zebre Enns, Oliva Espin, and Laura Brown. A central concept is the concern for the psychological opression of women. focusing on constraints imposed by the sociopolitical status to which women have been relegated, this approach explores women's identity devlopment, self-concept, goals and aspirations, and emotional well being.

Family Systems Therapy

This systematic approach is based on the assumption that the key to changing the individual is understanding and working with the family.