PSYC CH. 14 Study Questions

Surveys suggest that about __________ percent of women and __________ percent of men have at least one sexual dysfunction. A) 40 to 45, 20 to 30 B) 10 to 20, 30 to 40 C) 10, 25 D) 80, 50

40 to 45, 20 to 30

Ria experienced a sudden attack of intense fear when she was boarding a plane with her friends to fly to Mexico for spring break. Ria's heart raced, she became dizzy, and she was certain she would die in a plane crash if she boarded the plane. Subsequently she did not go on her trip, and the plane arrived safely in Mexico 3 hours later. Ria experienced __________. A) agoraphobia B) panic disorder C) a panic attack D) a depressive episode

A panic attack

What disorder seems to hold an association with bipolar disorder? A) phobic disorder B) ADHD C) persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) D) cyclothymia

ADHD

Sandy took part in the April 2013 Boston Marathon, where two bombs were detonated near the finish line, killing three spectators. For approximately 2 weeks after the marathon, Sandy was unable to sleep or concentrate and often found herself reliving the moment she heard the bombs explode. What disorder might Sandy be diagnosed with? A) panic disorder B) phobic disorder C) posttraumatic stress disorder D) acute stress disorder

Acute stress disorder

Sienna hates to go to restaurants for fear that she will be seated in the far back of the restaurant and be unable to get out in case of an emergency. This may be a symptom of __________. A) social phobia B) agoraphobia C) claustrophobia D) specific phobia

Agoraphobia

Taylor has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. Which of the following may accurately describe Taylor? A) Taylor has a greatly distorted body image. B) All of these are likely accurate descriptions of Taylor. C) Taylor is young and female. D) Taylor has significantly low body weight.

All of these are likely accurate descriptions of Taylor

Tony wakes up on a cot in a homeless shelter in another town. He doesn't know where he is or how he got there, and he's confused when people say he has been calling himself Michael. This is most likely an episode of dissociative __________. A) multiple personality B) identity disorder C) amnesia D) amnesia with fugue

Amnesia with fugue

Dissociative symptoms and features can be found in many different cultures. For example, in Southeast Asian and Pacific Islander cultures, people sometimes experience a trancelike state called __________ that is associated with increased agitation and violent tendencies. A) TKS B) amok C) koro D) susto

Amok

Makawee has recently given birth to her first child. She mentions that she often goes into her baby's bedroom to check if he is still breathing. Would this qualify as an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? A) If Makawee enjoys frequently checking to see that her baby is breathing, then this would qualify as an OCD. B) If Makawee continues to carry out this behavior for more than 1 or 2 days, this would qualify as an OCD. C) If Makawee and her husband both carry out this behavior, then it would qualify as an OCD. D) As long as Makawee is not compelled to check on her baby and does not suffer from severe anxiety if she is unable to do so, then this is not an OCD.

As long as Makawee is not compelled to check on her baby and does not suffer from severe anxiety if she is unable to do so, then this is not an OCD.

Neuroimaging studies examining potential causes of schizophrenia have discovered that an area of the brain called the __________ appears to have significantly less myelin coating on the axons of its neurons in people with schizophrenia compared to those without the condition. A) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus B) cingulum bundle C) putamen D) striate nuclei

Cingulum bundle

Elliot became widowed after nearly 40 years of marriage. He has convinced himself that no one will ever love him again. His irrational thinking has caused him to suffer from depression, and he rarely leaves his house. What perspective might best explain his behavior? A) behavioral B) biological C) cognitive D) psychodynamic

Cognitive

Dr. Spiegelman believes that Dina's dissociation disorder may be due to her apparent enhanced ability to think about things other than those associated with her traumatic childhood. What psychological perspective is Dr. Spiegelman applying? A) biological perspective B) psychodynamic perspective C) cognitive/behavioral perspective D) evolutionary perspective

Cognitive/behavioral perspective

Which of the following concepts is NOT specifically associated with the DSM-5 examination of culture-related disorders? A) cultural explanations or perceived cause B) cultural syndrome C) cultural idioms of distress D) cultural binding

Cultural binding

Robin has a difficult time making decisions. She often relies on her mother to tell her what to do, when to do it, and how to do whatever she is doing. This is not due to her mother wanting to tell her what to do, but rather it stems from Robin's difficulty making decisions and doing things independently. Assuming this pattern characterizes many areas of her life, what personality disorder might best represent Robin's pattern of thoughts and behavior? A) dependent personality disorder B) antisocial personality disorder C) borderline personality disorder D) narcissistic personality disorder

Dependent personality disorder

Dissociative amnesia is different from retrograde amnesia because __________. A) retrograde amnesia is caused by psychological trauma B) dissociative amnesia is typically psychological in origin C) retrograde amnesia has been shown to not actually exist D) dissociative amnesia is caused by a physical blow to the head

Dissociative amnesia is typically psychological in origin.

Dysfunction in what neurotransmitter system was first believed to be the cause of schizophrenia? A) GABA B) dopamine C) serotonin D) epinephrine

Dopamine

Dr. Kirby has been meeting with 9-year-old Loren, whose family lost everything in a tornado. In her initial visit, Loren was diagnosed with acute stress disorder. During a 2-month follow-up with Dr. Kirby, Loren is still exhibiting many of the same symptoms. What should Dr. Kirby do? A) Dr. Kirby should tell Loren she is cured so as to speed her recovery. B) Dr. Kirby will continue treatment for acute stress disorder for at least 6 months. C) Dr. Kirby will revise Loren's diagnosis from ASD to generalized anxiety disorder. D) Dr. Kirby will revise Loren's diagnosis from ASD to posttraumatic stress disorder.

Dr. Kirby will revise Loren's diagnosis from ASD to posttraumatic stress disorder.

What is the most prominent feature of paranoid personality disorder that makes it sometimes difficult for individuals with this disorder to establish close and long-lasting relationships? A) extreme fluctuations in mood B) overreliance on support from other people C) ever-present distrust and suspiciousness of others D) difficulties with interpreting social cues

Ever-present distrust and suspiciousness of others

Aaron has suffered from schizophrenia for many years and now resides in a group treatment facility. One day a nurse approaches him and quietly tells him that his sister, who has been fighting cancer for many months, died that morning. Aaron has no appreciable facial reaction, and in a very monotone voice says, "Okay." The nurse is not surprised by Aaron's lack of response to the awful news, because she knows that __________ is one symptom often seen in those suffering from schizophrenia. A) flat affect B) echolalia C) perseveration D) clang associations

Flat affect

Rodney has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He rarely smiles and often shows little emotion in any situation. Psychologists refer to this characteristic as __________. A) negative symptoms B) catatonia C) positive symptoms D) flat affect

Flat affect

Studies have suggested the increased rates of major depressive disorder in women may have a basis in __________. A) hormonal differences B) gender roles, social factors, and emotional processing C) biological differences D) heredity

Gender roles, social factors, and emotional processing.

Researchers believe that 40 to 60 percent of the risk for anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder is due to __________ factors. A) environmental B) genetic C) psychological D) hormonal

Genetic

How would the Greek physician Hippocrates have typically dealt with someone suffering from mental illness? A) He would have focused on correcting the imbalance of bodily fluids, or humors. B) He would have tried to understand the person's unconscious and the forces at work there. C) He would have made a hole in the patient's skull to release the pressure, a process known today as trephining. D) He would have had someone conduct the religious ritual known as an exorcism.

He would have focused on correcting the imbalance of bodily fluids, or humors.

Which of the following characteristics best describes differences between bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa? A) Individuals with anorexia do not have as severe health risks as individuals with bulimia have. B) Individuals with bulimia may have a normal body weight, whereas those with anorexia tend to be severely under their expected body weight. C) Anorexia tends to occur in early adulthood, while bulimia often starts in early adolescence. D) Individuals with anorexia have been known to binge like those with bulimia on occasion.

Individuals with bulimia may have a normal body weight, whereas those with anorexia tend to be severely under their expected body weight.

Who is most likely to be diagnosed with a phobic disorder? A) Calista, who is fearful of snakes after watching a documentary on poisonous snakes found in her region B) Jennifer, who is morbidly afraid of snakes and refuses to even look at a picture of a snake C) Brianne, who is afraid of snakes after nearly being bitten while running D) Both Calista's and Jennifer's behavior would qualify as a phobic disorder.

Jennifer, who is morbidly afraid of snakes and refuses to even look at a picture of a snake

Melanie has just received an exam grade in her psychology class. She earned a grade of 89 percent, which is a B. All of her work during the semester thus far has earned A grades, and she is very upset about the exam score. "This is the worst thing that could possibly have happened," she laments to her best friend, Keesha, who just rolls her eyes. A cognitive psychologist would suggest that Melanie is employing the cognitive distortion called __________. A) overgeneralization B) minimization C) all-or-nothing thinking D) magnification

Magnification

Jorge finds himself feeling depressed most of the day. He is constantly tired yet he sleeps very little. He has feelings of worthlessness that have come on suddenly and seemingly have no basis in reality. What might Jorge be diagnosed with? A) bipolar disorder B) acute depressive disorder C) seasonal affective disorder D) major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder

Which type of depression is the most common type of mood disorder? A) bipolar disorder B) major depressive disorder C) seasonal affective disorder D) mania

Major depressive disorder

Lisa has just been fired from her new job for consistently arriving 2 hours late for work. Lisa tries to explain that she must often drive back home to ensure that all the doors are locked and that no appliances have been left on. Lisa's condition is abnormal according to the __________ definition. A) social deviance B) subjective discomfort C) situational context D) maladaptive

Maladaptive

Biological explanations of disordered mood have focused on the effects of several different brain chemicals, and medications used to treat these disorders are designed to work on these various neurotransmitter systems. Which of the following is NOT one of the chemicals that has been implicated in mood disorders? A) melatonin B) norepinephrine C) serotonin D) dopamine

Melatonin

Which of the following is NOT an accurate portrayal of antisocial personality disorder? A) Most people with this disorder are female. B) People with this disorder suffer little or no guilt for their criminal acts. C) People with this disorder are consistently irresponsible and don't keep commitments. D) Most people with this disorder are male.

Most people with this disorder are female

How many axes does the DSM-5 use to aid mental health professionals in making a diagnosis? A) one B) five C) four D) two

One

On your first call as a paramedic, you enter the house of a man who has covered his walls and ceiling in aluminum foil to keep the government from spying on him and stealing his ideas. This is an example of a(n) __________ delusion. A) persecution B) grandeur C) reference D) influence

Persecution

Dr. Haldol has several patients with schizophrenia who appear to exhibit excessive or distorted characteristics in relation to what one might consider normal functioning. Specific symptoms include varied hallucinations and multiple delusions. According to the DSM-5, these are referred to as __________. A) flat affect B) negative symptoms C) positive symptoms D) catatonia

Positive symptoms

Survivors of natural disasters like Hurricane Michael in 2018 may experience higher incidences of __________. A) schizophrenia B) posttraumatic stress disorder C) bipolar disorder D) personality disorders

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Dean believes that characters in a popular science fiction show are secretly sending him messages. This would be an example of a delusion of __________. A) reference B) grandeur C) influence D) persecution

Reference

What is the major difference between dissociative amnesia and retrograde amnesia? A) Individuals suffering from dissociative amnesia often have a history of memory loss that seems to be hereditary. B) Retrograde amnesia patients often have suffered from painful psychological trauma. C) Those suffering from dissociative amnesia have prior damage to the brain, which in turn causes memory loss. D) Retrograde amnesia patients often suffer from some form of physical brain trauma.

Retrograde amnesia patients often suffer from some form of physical brain trauma.

In 1972, a jet carrying a rugby team from Peru crashed high in the snow-covered Andes Mountains. Many of the players survived for more than 2 months by eating the remains of those who died. Psychologists justified their cannibalism because that was the only way they could have survived so long without food. By what definition might their behavior best be classified? A) situational context B) statistical C) subjective discomfort D) maladaptive

Situational context

Trypanophobia, also known as a fear of receiving an injection, is an example of __________. A) obsession B) anxiety attack C) specific phobia D) social phobia

Specific phobia

What is a major cause of sexual dysfunction? A) paraphilias B) economic status C) stress D) heredity

Stress

In the United States, "insanity" is a term typically used by __________. A) the legal system B) the social work system C) psychiatrists D) psychologists

The legal system

What was the most likely reason that someone would perform an exorcism? A) to release evil spirits B) to restore balance to the body's humors C) to relieve fluid pressure on the brain D) to look into the brain to see what was wrong

To release evil spirits

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativity? A) Dr. Han believes that the voices his patient is hearing stem from a biological instead of a psychological cause. B) Dr. Roland uses a behavioral approach to treat all his clients who are younger than age 10. C) While Dr. Howard believes that hypnosis is the best way to understand all disorders, his approach is not shared by his colleagues. D) While Dr. Gambon knows that his patient, Aki, believes her anxiety has a biological explanation, in learning more about her family of origin, he suspects it has a psychological cause.

While Dr. Gambon knows that his patient, Aki, believes her anxiety has a biological explanation, in learning more about her family of origin, he suspects it has a psychological cause.

Calvin is terribly worried that his college education was wasted when he doesn't get his dream job. Furthermore, Calvin believes he ruined his future when he did poorly in his job interview. Calvin explains, "I had to ace the interview. It had to be perfect, and it wasn't!" How might a cognitive-behavioral psychologist classify this distorted thought process? A) overgeneralization B) all-or-nothing thinking C) magnification D) minimization

all-or-nothing thinking

Individuals with bulimia often rationalize that since they have had a single treat, their diet is ruined and therefore they might as well go ahead and eat excessively. Such irrational thinking is an example of the cognitive distortion known as __________. A) magnification B) minimization C) overgeneralization D) all-or-nothing thinking

all-or-nothing thinking

Binge-eating disorder is different from bulimia in that individuals with binge-eating disorder __________. A) typically eat much smaller portions before purging the food B) only purge their food after several binge sessions C) do not typically purge the food they eat D) often resort to anorexic methods to rid themselves of the food they have eaten

do not typically purge the food they eat

Due to the types and degree of emotions often experienced by people with borderline personality disorder, their personal relationships are often characterized by __________. A) long periods of boredom B) intense emotions, impulsivity, and relative instability C) long-term stability D) periods of domestic bliss

intense emotions, impulsivity, and relative instability

Behavioral theorists link depression to __________, whereas social cognitive theorists point to __________. A) biological abnormalities, distortions in thinking B) unconscious forces, learned helplessness C) learned helplessness, distortions in thinking D) distortions in thinking, learned helplessness

learned helplessness, distortions in thinking

Sexual dysfunctions and problems can be caused by __________. A) hereditary factors primarily B) organic, psychological, and sociocultural factors C) organic factors only D) organic and sociocultural factors only

organic, psychological, and sociocultural factors

At most times, Kristi appears to be a fairly pessimistic person. It seems no matter the circumstance, someone always does her wrong. Even during otherwise seemingly kind gestures, she "just knows" the other person must have some hidden agenda. She can tell you, in explicit detail, about every perceived trespass or wrongdoing going back to, at least, middle school. What personality disorder best describes Kristi's thinking and behavior? A) antisocial personality disorder B) paranoid personality disorder C) borderline personality disorder D) schizotypal personality disorder

paranoid personality disorder