PSYC Exam 2. Concept Check Questions

The Browns expect their children to know right from wrong because they tell them what is right and what is wrong. There is no discussion to be had, the rules are the rules, and the children are to obey. What kind of parenting style do the Browns display?

Authoritarian

What conflict did Erikson associate with old age?

Ego integrity vs. despair

Chaining refers to rewarding a learner for closer approximations to the desired behavior

False

Which is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Food

Which would be most easy to remember as part of an ordered list using the method of loci?

Imagining a gallon of milk in your mailbox

What is a distinctive characteristic of Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

Infants respond only to what they are experiencing at the moment.

What effect does emotional arousal have on encoding?

It enhances encoding.

Dr. Nugent is interested in studying how attitudes towards sexual activities change with age. If he chooses to use a cross-sectional design for this research study, what problem is he likely to encounter?

People born in different eras are likely to have different attitudes.

During which stage of development do children begin to develop theory of mind?

Pre-operational

Which type of memory process does a multiple choice test question require?

Recognition

Which involves filling in the gaps of details of an event you don't remember well?

Reconstruction

An older sibling is fond of telling their younger sibling that first-born siblings are more intelligent than younger family members. Based on research, what should the younger sibling's response be?

Research suggests that, within a given family size, intelligence is not related to birth order.

Sixteen-month old Alex is participating in the Strange Situation test. While his mother is in the room, he plays by himself with building blocks, and when a stranger enters, he notices but returns to playing. His mother leaves the room, which briefly distresses him. When she returns, he goes to her for a cuddle but then goes back to his building blocks. What kind of attachment is Alex exhibiting?

Secure

Dr. Martin studies the development of auditory perception using a pacifier-like device that allows infants to produce sounds when they suck on the pacifier. He notices that, when the same sound is produced over and over, the infants' sucking rate decreases. If Dr. Martin switches the sound that the sucking on the pacifier produces to one that the infant is able to perceive as different, what is likely to happen to the sucking rate?

The sucking rate will increase.

How have ranchers used classical conditioning procedures with sheep?

They have conditioned a taste aversion in coyotes by feeding them poisoned sheep.

A conditioned taste aversion can cause feeling of sickness in the presence of a food even when there was another stimulus that caused the sickness.

True

According to John Watson, a stimulus occurs prior to a response.

True

Both increased and decreased arousal can enhance consolidation.

True

In his examination of the "curve of forgetting," Ebbinghaus used himself as his only test subject.

True

When Kayla could not remember her previous school ID because her new one was in her mind, she demonstrated retroactive interference.

True

How long did Sperling's experiment demonstrate human visual memory lasts?

a fraction of a second

Rosario describes herself as a Mexican-American. What is she demonstrating?

biculturalism

Which animal did Thorndike put into puzzle boxes as he did research leading to his Law of Effect?

cats

Which type of conditioning is demonstrated by the development of drug tolerance?

classical conditioning

Terror-management theory proposes that people cope with their fear of death by:

focusing instead on the value of their lives.

What was the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's study with dogs?

food

Which of the following has someone done if mistakenly wave to a stranger because that person looked like a friend?

generalize

Which brain structure did HM have surgically removed?

hippocampus

Fatima's mother was an elementary school teacher and Fatima herself has never even thought about being anything other than an elementary school teacher. She loved playing school as a child, began tutoring young children at the local community center when she started high school, and now, as she is applying for college, she is looking for schools that are known for their preparation of elementary school teachers. Fatima appears to be experiencing:

identify foreclosure.

Which is the only action an infant bird takes regarding the phenomenon of birdsong during the sensitive period?

listens

Which is displayed by forgetting your new phone number because all you can remember is your old number?

proactive interference

Which process typically keeps traumatic memories from conscious awareness?

repression

Which is most similar to working memory?

short-term memory

It has been observed that males outperform females on tests of mathematical skills only in those countries where men have greater economic and political status than women. This is most consistent with the influence of which kind of factors on behavior?

social

Which type of conditioning results in the slowest learning?

trace

Which is an automatic form of social learning?

yawning