Psyc Final

The second stage of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's stage theory of dying is what she calls: bargaining. anger. acceptance. denial.

anger

The ability to incorporate and interpret new information in terms of existing mental representations of the world is called: symbolic thought. accommodation. assimilation. centration.

assimilation

The parenting style in which parents set clear standards for their children's behavior but are also responsive to the children's needs and wishes is called the: permissive-indifferent style. authoritarian style. permissive-indulgent style. authoritative style.

authoritative style.

The parenting style in which parents set clear standards for their children's behavior but are also responsive to the children's needs and wishes is called the: permissive-indifferent style. permissive-indulgent style. authoritative style. authoritarian style.

authoritative style.

The parenting style in which parents set clear standards for their children's behavior but are also responsive to the children's needs and wishes is called the: permissive-indulgent style. authoritative style. permissive-indifferent style. authoritarian style.

authoritative style.

According to Figure 9.5, "The Median Age of First Marriage," research shows that on average, ______ are now getting married for the first time ______ than people did during the 1960s. women; later men; later both men and women; earlier both men and women; later

both men and women; later

Piaget talked about ______ as the ability to focus on only one aspect of a situation and ignore other important aspects. conservation centration irreversibility egocentrism

centration

Researchers have found that two essential components need to be present to determine whether a person will develop freckles: the inheritance of the ______ version of the freckles gene from either or both parents, and the presence of a particular ______ factor. recessive; developmental phenotype; human genome dominant; environmental allele; chromosomal

dominant; environmental

A person's physical strength typically peaks during: early adulthood. middle adulthood. childhood. adolescence.

early adulthood

Forming a committed, intimate relationship is one important task traditionally associated with: early adulthood. the formal operational stage of development. middle adulthood. the concrete operational stage of development.

early adulthood.

Mr. Reddington has reached a point in his life where he is examining whether he has experienced meaning, and what type of meaning, in his life. According to Erikson, Mr. Reddington is in the eighth psychosocial task known as: ego integrity. ego initiative. ego generativity. ego isolation.

ego integrity.

Mr. Reddington has reached a point in his life where he is examining whether he has experienced meaning, and what type of meaning, in his life. According to Erikson, Mr. Reddington is in the eighth psychosocial task known as: ego isolation. ego generativity. ego integrity. ego initiative.

ego integrity.

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, late adulthood is to ______ as adolescence is to ______. ego integrity; generativity generativity; intimacy intimacy; ego integrity ego integrity; identity

ego integrity; identity

It is now six weeks since Jennifer conceived. The human organism she is carrying is called at this time a(n) ______; at the third month it will be called a(n) ______. embryo; fetus fetus; embryo zygote; fetus embryo; zygote

embryo; fetus

It is now six weeks since Jennifer conceived. The human organism she is carrying is called at this time a(n) ______; at the third month it will be called a(n) ______. zygote; fetus embryo; zygote fetus; embryo embryo; fetus

embryo; fetus

Henrietta is in the fifth week of her pregnancy, which means that her baby is in the ______ period of prenatal development. fetal germinal embryonic zygotic

embryonic

Henrietta is in the fifth week of her pregnancy, which means that her baby is in the ______ period of prenatal development. germinal fetal embryonic zygotic

embryonic

Henrietta is in the fifth week of her pregnancy, which means that her baby is in the ______ period of prenatal development. zygotic embryonic germinal fetal

embryonic

Henrietta is in the fifth week of her pregnancy, which means that her baby is in the ______ period of prenatal development. zygotic germinal embryonic fetal

embryonic

______ are the long, threadlike structures that are found in the nucleus of the cell and are composed of twisted parallel strands of DNA. Gametes Chromosomes Zygotes Genes

Chromosomes

The period during which a child is maximally sensitive to environmental influences is called the ______ period of development. Critical Generative Differential Sensitive

Critical

_______ have higher rates of sexual risk-taking, drug and alcohol use, and delinquent behavior, and are also at greater risk for unhealthy weight gain later in life. Late-maturing girls Early-maturing boys Early-maturing girls Late-maturing boys

Early-maturing girls

refers to the type of universal speech used with babies that involves very distinct pronunciation, a simplified vocabulary, short sentences, and a high-pitched, exaggerated intonation. Babbling Infant-directed speech Comprehension vocabulary Mother-directed speech

Infant-directed speech

Which of the following does deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the double-stranded molecule, do in the body? It encodes genetic instructions, the chemical basis of heredity. It manipulates the structure of personality. It creates the gamete that forms life. It determines gender.

It encodes genetic instructions, the chemical basis of heredity.

Which of the following does deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the double-stranded molecule, do in the body? It manipulates the structure of personality. It creates the gamete that forms life. It determines gender. It encodes genetic instructions, the chemical basis of heredity.

It encodes genetic instructions, the chemical basis of heredity.

The most influential theory of moral development was proposed by: Erik Erikson. Lawrence Kohlberg. Lev Vygotsky. Jean Piaget.

Lawrence Kohlberg.

The developmental psychologist who devised the Strange Situation procedure to measure attachment and who contributed to attachment theory is: Jerome Kagan. Mary D. Salter Ainsworth. Jean Piaget. Noam Chomsky.

Mary D. Salter Ainsworth.

4. ______ is the stage of adulthood, lasting roughly from the forties to the mid-sixties, when a person's physical strength and endurance tend to gradually decline. Late adulthood Middle adulthood Early adulthood Moratorium

Middle adulthood

The basic unit of DNA on a chromosome: encodes instructions for making a particular protein molecule. encodes instructions for the embryonic period of development. determines the effects of the critical period of development. makes decisions about the eventual phenotype.

encodes instructions for making a particular protein molecule.

The basic unit of DNA on a chromosome: makes decisions about the eventual phenotype. determines the effects of the critical period of development. encodes instructions for making a particular protein molecule. encodes instructions for the embryonic period of development.

encodes instructions for making a particular protein molecule.

Another term for "nurture" may be: genotype. heredity. genetic material. environment.

environment

The study of the mechanisms that control gene expression and its effects on behavior and health is known as: developmental psychology. lifespan development. nature-nurture theory. epigenetics.

epigenetics.

The study of the mechanisms that control gene expression and its effects on behavior and health is known as: epigenetics. nature-nurture theory. lifespan development. developmental psychology.

epigenetics.

According to the Focus On Neuroscience box titled "Boosting the Aging Brain," research has shown the importance of and relationship between ______ and ______. exercise; cognitive abilities happiness; marriage children; longevity relationships; health

exercise; cognitive abilities

According to the Focus On Neuroscience box titled "Boosting the Aging Brain," research has shown the importance of and relationship between ______ and ______. exercise; cognitive abilities relationships; health children; longevity happiness; marriage

exercise; cognitive abilities

Pregnant Michelle has begun to feel fuller more quickly when she eats, and she is having more trouble physically getting around. Michelle's unborn baby has likely entered the third and longest period of prenatal development, called the: fetal period. germinal period. zygotic period. embryonic period.

fetal period.

In Erik Erikson's stage theory, the primary psychosocial task of middle adulthood, in which the person contributes to future generations through children, career, and other meaningful activity, is called: generativity. initiative. industry. ego integrity.

generativity.

The unique genetic makeup of an individual organism is called its: chromosome. expression of traits. genotype. phenotype.

genotype.

The unique genetic makeup of an individual organism is called its: chromosome. phenotype. expression of traits. genotype.

genotype.

The unique genetic makeup of an individual organism is called its: genotype. expression of traits. chromosome. phenotype.

genotype.

Nine months after conception, a baby girl named Tracy is born. The stages of her prenatal development, from first to last, were: germinal, embryonic, fetal. fetal, embryonic, germinal. embryonic, fetal, germinal. germinal, fetal, embryonic.

germinal, embryonic, fetal.

Each time Mrs. Fari puts her finger on her baby's palms, the baby grasps the finger tightly, a response called the: rooting reflex. Babinski reflex. Moro reflex. grasping reflex.

grasping reflex.

Teratogens are: the chemical basis of heredity. harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in an embryo or fetus. agents or substances that protect the embryo and the fetus. long threadlike structures composed of twisted parallel strands of DNA.

harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in an embryo or fetus

Teratogens are: harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in an embryo or fetus. long threadlike structures composed of twisted parallel strands of DNA. the chemical basis of heredity. agents or substances that protect the embryo and the fetus.

harmful agents or substances that can cause malformations or defects in an embryo or fetus.

When two-year-old Kerry was tested in the Ainsworth Strange Situation, she did NOT explore the environment even when her mother was present. She appeared very anxious became extremely distressed when her mother left the room. Kerry is a(n): securely attached toddler. insecurely attached toddler. conventional toddler. concrete operational toddler.

insecurely attached toddler.

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's stage of dying called denial involves: promising to behave in a certain way if allowed to live. insisting that doctors are wrong. feeling depression over the inevitable. making a deal with the doctors.

insisting that doctors are wrong

James is a little boy with a lot of energy and a tenacious personality. His sometimes-frustrated parents have responded to him with more strictness. As he gets older, his parents notice that he gets frustrated easily and has even more energy. This example of one little boy who is naturally geared toward having a lot of energy and how his family has responded to him represents the: genotypic make-up in his chromosomes. role of his parents' marriage in the upbringing of their son. importance of the role of James' siblings in his life. interaction between heredity and environment.

interaction between heredity and environment.

A female's first menstrual period, which occurs during puberty, is called: conservation. centration. menarche. menopause.

menarche

A young girl's first menstrual period is called: mastery. the beginning of adulthood. puberty. menarche.

menarche.

Sixteen-year-old Jade is reading books about different religions and philosophies. She is also trying out different approaches as to how she should live her life. Jade is in Erikson's: ego integrity period. formal operational stage. moratorium period. generativity stage.

moratorium period

The "experimentation" period that often occurs in adolescence and often involves an experimentation with different roles, values, and beliefs, is called the: ego integrity stage. moratorium period. autonomy conflict period. generativity period.

moratorium period

Sixteen-year-old Jade is reading books about different religions and philosophies. She is also trying out different approaches as to how she should live her life. Jade is in Erikson's: ego integrity period. moratorium period. formal operational stage. generativity stage.

moratorium period.

Sixteen-year-old Jade is reading books about different religions and philosophies. She is also trying out different approaches as to how she should live her life. Jade is in Erikson's: moratorium period. formal operational stage. ego integrity period. generativity stage.

moratorium period.

In Dr. Strayer's longitudinal research on factors that correlate with getting older, she is likely to find that: intelligence declines sharply with age. there is severe memory impairment as people reach late adulthood. most people maintain their intellectual abilities as they age. no matter how much older people practice their mental skills, they still do very poorly on intellectual tasks.

most people maintain their intellectual abilities as they age

In Dr. Strayer's longitudinal research on factors that correlate with getting older, she is likely to find that: there is severe memory impairment as people reach late adulthood. no matter how much older people practice their mental skills, they still do very poorly on intellectual tasks. most people maintain their intellectual abilities as they age. intelligence declines sharply with age.

most people maintain their intellectual abilities as they age.

If infants are able to attach to other caregivers in addition to their parents, they are able to form: anxious attachments. secure attachments. insecure attachments. multiple attachments.

multiple attachments.

Dr. Wiley studies the interaction between heredity and environment, which he also calls the ______ issue when he lectures to his students. generativity versus stagnation psychosocial development critical versus sensitive periods nature-nurture

nature-nurture

Dr. Wiley studies the interaction between heredity and environment, which he also calls the ______ issue when he lectures to his students. nature-nurture critical versus sensitive periods generativity versus stagnation psychosocial development

nature-nurture

Baby Harry's mother shows him a toy rattle and then hides it under a blanket. Harry for the blanket and lifts it up to find the toy rattle underneath. It would appear that he has achieved what Piaget called ______, which involves an understanding that an object continues to exist even when it can no longer be seen. centration conservation egocentrism object permanence

object permanence

The declines in general intellectual abilities that occur between the ages of sixty and seventy: are most profound in those who have the highest level of education. often occur simply because older people may lack practice or experience with the kinds of tasks typically used in current mental ability tests. are most evident in those people who were actively engaged in physical and cognitive activities throughout their middle adulthood. are much less profound in people who live alone and who engage in few physical and mental activities.

often occur simply because older people may lack practice or experience with the kinds of tasks typically used in current mental ability tests.

While anxiety about death tends to ______ in middle adulthood, it tends to ______ in late adulthood. decrease; not change decrease; peak not change; peak peak; decrease

peak; decrease

The parenting style in which parents are extremely tolerant and not at all demanding is called the ______ parenting style. authoritarian authoritative induction permissive

permissive

The parenting style in which parents are extremely tolerant and not at all demanding is called the ______ parenting style. authoritative authoritarian induction permissive

permissive

The parenting style in which parents are extremely tolerant and not at all demanding is called the ______ parenting style. authoritative permissive authoritarian induction

permissive

What are two permissive parenting styles? permissive-authoritarian and permissive-passive. permissive-indulgent and permissive-indifferent. permissive-control and permissive-responsive. permissive-authoritative and permissive-permissive.

permissive-indulgent and permissive-indifferent.

The term ______ refers to the observable traits or characteristics of an organism, as determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. chromosomes phenotype alleles genotype

phenotype

The term ______ refers to the observable traits or characteristics of an organism, as determined by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. genotype chromosomes alleles phenotype

phenotype

The disk-shaped vascular organ that acts as a filter, preventing the mother's blood from mingling with that of the developing embryo, is called the: umbilical cord. amniotic sac. placenta. uterus.

placenta

The disk-shaped vascular organ that acts as a filter, preventing the mother's blood from mingling with that of the developing embryo, is called the: umbilical cord. placenta. uterus. amniotic sac.

placenta

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's stage of dying called bargaining involves: insisting that the doctors are wrong. expressing anger about dying. promising to behave in a certain way if one is allowed to live. accepting one's fate.

promising to behave in a certain way if one is allowed to live.

As described in the Focus on Neuroscience box titled "The Adolescent Brain: A Work in Progress," in regard to the adolescent brain, the process of ______ involves neurons in the brain making connections and then eliminating what is not needed. pruning accommodation assimilation centration

pruning

During the fourth month of pregnancy, the mother can feel the fetus moving within her. This moment is called: an overdevelopment. lightening. quickening. sensitivity.

quickening.

Scores on tests of logical reasoning, math ability, word recall, and overall general intellectual capacity are shown to ______ with aging. decline significantly reflect little decline increase decline more than other areas

reflect little decline

Every time Mrs. Thomas touches her baby's left cheek, the baby turns that cheek toward her mother and opens her mouth. The reflex that is triggered by the mother's touch is known as the ______ reflex. Moro stepping rooting sucking

rooting

When Mrs. Perez touched her newborn's lips, he produced an automatic response called the ______ reflex. sucking rooting greedy grasping

rooting

The sexual characteristics that develop during puberty that are not directly involved in reproduction but differentiate between the sexes, such as male facial hair and female breast development, are: secondary sex characteristics. pubertal development. primary sex characteristics. the sequence found in puberty.

secondary sex characteristics.

A person's "identity" is his or her: opportunity to experiment with different roles, with no commitments. firm sense of commitment to the various impending issues and demands being made on the person. self-definition or description, including the values, beliefs, and ideals that guide his or her behavior. initiation of activities and the development of a sense of a social responsibility concerning the

self-definition or description, including the values, beliefs, and ideals that guide his or her behavior.

A person's "identity" is his or her: opportunity to experiment with different roles, with no commitments. firm sense of commitment to the various impending issues and demands being made on the person. self-definition or description, including the values, beliefs, and ideals that guide his or her behavior. initiation of activities and the development of a sense of a social responsibility concerning the rights of others.

self-definition or description, including the values, beliefs, and ideals that guide his or her behavior.

The number of children being raised by a single parent is estimated to be as high as: 30 percent. 75 percent. 10 percent. 50 percent.

30 percent.

Declines in general intellectual abilities that occur between the ages of ______ often occur because older people may lack practice or experience with the kinds of tasks typically used in current mental ability tests. 80 and 90 30 and 40 40 and 50 60 and 70

60 and 70

Which of the following is an accurate statement about those who are nearer to the natural age of death and dying? Attitudes toward death in old age show the same diversity as in other parts of adult development. Their range of attitudes about death has decreased. They are not resigned to death, but rather are usually in denial. They are more resigned to death in general.

Attitudes toward death in old age show the same diversity as in other parts of adult development.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about those who are nearer to the natural age of death and dying? They are more resigned to death in general. Their range of attitudes about death has decreased. They are not resigned to death, but rather are usually in denial. Attitudes toward death in old age show the same diversity as in other parts of adult development.

Attitudes toward death in old age show the same diversity as in other parts of adult development.

Psychologist ______ challenged Piaget's theory of child development by demonstrating that infants as young as 2-1/2 months of age display object permanence. Mary Ainsworth Renée Baillargeon Leo Vygotsky Erik Erikson

Renée Baillargeon

According to research on aging, which of the following can be said about the "myths" surrounding aging in American culture? The myths are usually accurate, given the unhealthy and inactive lives of older adults. Most older adults live in nursing homes and it is therefore hard difficult to obtain information about them. The myths are not accurate, given the healthy, active, and self-sufficient lives the majority of older adults live. Aging is not an area of psychology that has received research attention.

The myths are not accurate, given the healthy, active, and self-sufficient lives the majority of older adults live.

Which of the following is an accurate description of permissive-indulgent parents? They set clear standards for their children's behavior and often punish them. They are responsive, warm, and accepting of their children but impose few rules and rarely punish them. They are responsive, warm, and accepting of their children and impose many rules. They set clear standards for their children's behavior but are also responsive to the children's needs and wishes.

They are responsive, warm, and accepting of their children but impose few rules and rarely punish them.

The genetic makeup of an individual organism is referred to as: a gene DNA a phenotype a genotype

a genotype

All of the following contribute to the early onset of puberty EXCEPT: poor nutrition and health. lack of physical activity. absence of biological father. a lean body

a lean body

The most common "theme" researchers found in the relationship between parents and children in the United States during the children's early and middle adolescence was: a negative relationship, given the increasing number of conflicts. an ability for parents to control the acting-out behavior of their teens. a positive relationship, despite the increasing number of conflicts. a positive relationship, since there is a decrease in the number of conflicts.

a positive relationship, despite the increasing number of conflicts.

In her research, Dr. Joachim found that a pregnant woman's use of a certain chemical substance would cause harm to her fetus. That chemical substance would be classified as: deoxyribonucleic acid. a phenotype. a chromosome. a teratogen.

a teratogen.

Which environmental factor is NOT related to the timing of puberty? absence of the biological father nutrition absence of the biological mother health

absence of the biological mother

Which environmental factor is NOT related to the timing of puberty? health nutrition absence of the biological father absence of the biological mother

absence of the biological mother

Kübler-Ross proposed that the last stage of the dying process involves: acceptance. bargaining. beginning over. denial.

acceptance

Kübler-Ross proposed that the last stage of the dying process involves: beginning over. denial. bargaining. acceptance.

acceptance

One of the different forms of a particular gene is called a(n): chromosome. embryo. allele. DNA strand.

allele

anielle has switched majors four times and does not know what she wants to do after she gets her college degree. Erikson would suggest that Danielle has NOT achieved: the conventional level of moral reasoning. the concrete operational stage of development. an integrated identity. a sense of generativity.

an integrated identity.

Jean Piaget was the Swiss child psychologist best known for his influential theory that: children progress through indistinct stages of cognitive development. children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development. cognitive development involves continuous change over the lifespan, rather than a series of distinct stages. cognitive development involves a series of unconscious processes.

children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development.

According to research on adulthood careers, almost a third of people in their late twenties and early thirties are likely to: enter a doctoral program. completely switch occupational fields. change jobs, but not necessarily their occupational field. quit their job without another job to go to.

completely switch occupational fields.

Tommy now understands that two equal quantities remain equal even though the form or appearance is rearranged. According to Piaget, Tommy is in the ______ stage of development. sensorimotor centration concrete operational formal operational

concrete operational

Dr. Psychologistia is studying how parental involvement relates to the academic achievement of their children by surveying a group of children in elementary, middle, and high school, all at around the same time. What research strategy is Dr. Psychologistia using? cross-sectional correlational longitudinal experimental

cross-sectional

Dr. Psychologistia is studying how parental involvement relates to the academic achievement of their children by surveying a group of children in elementary, middle, and high school, all at around the same time. What research strategy is Dr. Psychologistia using? cross-sectional experimental correlational longitudinal

cross-sectional

Dr. Psychologistia is studying how parental involvement relates to the academic achievement of their children by surveying a group of children in elementary, middle, and high school, all at around the same time. What research strategy is Dr. Psychologistia using? experimental correlational longitudinal cross-sectional

cross-sectional

While anxiety about death tends to ______ in middle adulthood, it tends to ______ in late adulthood. decrease; not change not change; peak peak; decrease decrease; peak

decrease; peak

Marital satisfaction: decreases after the birth of the first child. stays the same. increases after the birth of the first child. decreases after the birth of the first child but then recovers after the child is a couple of years old.

decreases after the birth of the first child.

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's famous research with terminally ill patients led her to propose that the dying go through five stages. These stages, in order, are: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. anger, bargaining, depression, denial, acceptance. depression, anger, bargaining, denial, acceptance. acceptance, denial, anger, bargaining, depression.

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

Professor Johnson's area of specialty involves looking at the stages of human development. Which university department is Professor James likely to be in? developmental psychology Psychobiology cognitive psychology experimental psychology

developmental psychology

Professor Johnson's area of specialty involves looking at the stages of human development. Which university department is Professor James likely to be in? experimental psychology cognitive psychology developmental psychology Psychobiology

developmental psychology

Professor Johnson's area of specialty involves looking at the stages of human development. Which university department is Professor James likely to be in? experimental psychology developmental psychology Psychobiology cognitive psychology

developmental psychology

Marjorie, a psychology major, is considering applying to graduate programs. Her primary interest has to do with lifespan development, including all the biological, environmental, social, cultural, and behavioral factors involved in the trajectory of the human lifespan. Marjorie might strongly considering applying to graduate programs in: clinical psychology. humanistic psychology. psychobiology. developmental psychology.

developmental psychology.

Marjorie, a psychology major, is considering applying to graduate programs. Her primary interest has to do with lifespan development, including all the biological, environmental, social, cultural, and behavioral factors involved in the trajectory of the human lifespan. Marjorie might strongly considering applying to graduate programs in: psychobiology. humanistic psychology. clinical psychology. developmental psychology.

developmental psychology.

Lincoln is a normal eight-month-old infant. According to Chomsky's theory of language development, Lincoln: has a biological predisposition to learn any language and can distinguish among speech sounds of all the world's languages. can only distinguish among the speech sounds of the language spoken by his parents. is capable of speaking quite clearly but only in motherese (infant-directed speech). has a much larger production vocabulary than comprehension vocabulary.

has a biological predisposition to learn any language and can distinguish among speech sounds of all the world's languages.

According to the Critical Thinking box titled "The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development," putting young children in a high-quality day-care facility: has no detrimental effect on children. is detrimental to their psychological health. severely disrupts the attachment process. is detrimental to their physical health.

has no detrimental effect on children.

15. Another term that may be used for "nature" is: phenotype. childhood development. heredity. environment.

heredity

Another term that may be used for "nature" is: childhood development. heredity. environment. phenotype.

heredity.

Another term that may be used for "nature" is: heredity. childhood development. phenotype. environment.

heredity.

The Critical Thinking box titled, "The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development," reveals that ______ can benefit children socially and intellectually. all kinds of day-care no day-care even low-quality day-care high-quality day-care

high-quality day-care

The Critical Thinking box titled, "The Effects of Child Care on Attachment and Development," reveals that ______ can benefit children socially and intellectually. no day-care even low-quality day-care high-quality day-care all kinds of day-care

high-quality day-care

ccording to Erikson, the key psychosocial conflict for adolescents is: ego identify versus despair. identity versus role confusion. role confusion versus isolation. initiative versus intimacy.

identity versus role confusion.

Research shows that after children leave home (for college, employment, etc.), parental marital satisfaction: decreases. None of the answers are correct; both parents become clinically depressed. remains the same. increases.

increases

Piaget proposed that children between the ages of 2 and 7 enter into the preoperational stage of development, which is characterized by the: discovery of object permanence. acquisition of knowledge through sensing and manipulating objects. increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes. ability to think logically about visible and tangible objects and situations.

increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes.

Piaget proposed that children between the ages of 2 and 7 enter into the preoperational stage of development, which is characterized by the: increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes. ability to think logically about visible and tangible objects and situations. discovery of object permanence. acquisition of knowledge through sensing and manipulating objects.

increasing use of symbols and prelogical thought processes.

The discipline technique that combines parental control with explaining why a behavior is prohibited is called: induction. deduction. authoritative. authoritarian.

induction

The discipline technique that combines parental control with explaining why a behavior is prohibited is called: induction. authoritative. deduction. authoritarian

induction.

The idea that cognitive development involves continuous change over the lifespan, rather than being the series of distinct stages that Piaget proposed, is called the ______ model of cognitive development. sensorimotor information-processing availability heuristic psychosocial

information-processing

The psychosocial conflict named by Erik Erikson that he identified with early childhood (3 to 6 years), is called _____, while _____ is the conflict likely to be encountered in middle to late childhood (6 to 12 years). industry versus inferiority; initiative versus guilt trust versus mistrust; autonomy versus doubt initiative versus guilt; industry versus inferiority autonomy versus doubt; trust versus mistrust

initiative versus guilt; industry versus inferiority

When two-year-old Kerry was tested in the Ainsworth Strange Situation, she did NOT explore the environment even when her mother was present. She appeared very anxious became extremely distressed when her mother left the room. Kerry is a(n): conventional toddler. securely attached toddler. concrete operational toddler. insecurely attached toddler.

insecurely attached toddler.

James is a little boy with a lot of energy and a tenacious personality. His sometimes-frustrated parents have responded to him with more strictness. As he gets older, his parents notice that he gets frustrated easily and has even more energy. This example of one little boy who is naturally geared toward having a lot of energy and how his family has responded to him represents the: importance of the role of James' siblings in his life. genotypic make-up in his chromosomes. role of his parents' marriage in the upbringing of their son. interaction between heredity and environment.

interaction between heredity and environment.

James is a little boy with a lot of energy and a tenacious personality. His sometimes-frustrated parents have responded to him with more strictness. As he gets older, his parents notice that he gets frustrated easily and has even more energy. This example of one little boy who is naturally geared toward having a lot of energy and how his family has responded to him represents the: role of his parents' marriage in the upbringing of their son. interaction between heredity and environment. genotypic make-up in his chromosomes. importance of the role of James' siblings in his life.

interaction between heredity and environment.

Piaget proposed the idea of ______, which is the inability to reverse a sequence of events or logical operations mentally. centration symbolic thought irreversibility egocentrism

irreversibility

At Mr. Guerno's seventieth birthday party, his grandchildren asked him about some of his many adventures and travels. While listening to his colorful stories, they realized that their grandfather had lived a very meaningful life and was very satisfied with his many life accomplishments. Mr. Guerno is in the ______ stage of life and has achieved what Erikson called ______. late adulthood; ego integrity late adulthood; ego identity middle adulthood; initiative middle adulthood; generativity

late adulthood; ego integrity

Dr. Psychologist is studying how parental involvement relates to the academic achievement of their children by following a group of children from kindergarten through twelfth grade. What research strategy is Dr. Psychologist using? longitudinal cross-sectional correlational experimental

longitudinal

Which two research strategies are particularly important to know for an understanding of how people develop? cross-sectional, correlational quasi-experimental, longitudinal longitudinal, cross-sectional experimental, correlational

longitudinal, cross-sectional

Which two research strategies are particularly important to know for an understanding of how people develop? longitudinal, cross-sectional cross-sectional, correlational quasi-experimental, longitudinal experimental, correlational

longitudinal, cross-sectional

A child who tends to be calm, uninhibited, sociable, outgoing, and shows interest rather than fear when exposed to new people, experiences, and objects would be characterized by Jerome Kagan as a(n) ______ infant. low-reactive high-reactive easy slow-to-warm-up

low-reactive

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, whose findings are depicted in Figure 9.6, titled "The Changing Structure of American Families and Households," one of the sharpest declines is that of: women living alone. male heads of household with children. married couples without children. married couples with children.

married couples with children.

According to the Focus on Neuroscience box titled "The Adolescent Brain: A Work in Progress," MRI studies of normal children and adolescents: demonstrated clearly that there was a causal connection between high levels of sex hormones and emotional problems in adolescents. showed overproduction of a second wave of gray matter just prior to puberty, followed by a second round of neuronal pruning during the teenage years. All the answers are correct. indicated that only about 10 percent of the neurons in adolescent brains were ever active or were ever used.

showed overproduction of a second wave of gray matter just prior to puberty, followed by a second round of neuronal pruning during the teenage years.

Which of the five senses is least developed at birth? hearing smell taste sight

sight

A baby with a ______ temperament is likely to have a low activity level, withdraw from new situations and people, and adapt to new experiences very gradually. slow-to-warm-up difficult low-reactive high-reactive

slow-to-warm-up

Lev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist who stressed the importance of ______ on cognitive development. social and cultural influences language development spiritual and emotional influences motor development

social and cultural influences

Kelly, who is 5 years old, has a good imagination. Recently, for example, she used a discarded box as a make-believe castle and made up a very interesting dialogue between the "king" and "queen" of her castle. Kelly is using: symbolic thought. centration. object permanence. conservation

symbolic thought.

The inborn predisposition to consistently behave and react in a certain way, even as early as birth, is called: attachment. motor development. temperament. reflexing.

temperament.

According to the Culture and Human Behavior box titled "Where Does the Baby Sleep?," an infant and child would typically sleep in their parents' bed throughout childhood in: all cultures. no cultures. the United States. the Mayan culture.

the Mayan culture.

The theory known as ______ posits that greater level of life satisfaction is found among those who maintain the same level of activity with age as they did when they were younger. integrity versus despair the activation theory of aging the activity theory of aging life review

the activity theory of aging

The theory known as ______ posits that greater level of life satisfaction is found among those who maintain the same level of activity with age as they did when they were younger. life review integrity versus despair the activation theory of aging the activity theory of aging

the activity theory of aging

Sean has grown almost five inches between the ages of 15 and 16. He is experiencing: irreversibility. conservation. the adolescent growth spurt. centration.

the adolescent growth spurt.

Sean has grown almost five inches between the ages of 15 and 16. He is experiencing: irreversibility. the adolescent growth spurt. centration. conservation.

the adolescent growth spurt.

George and Henry are identical twins. George was raised by his mother and Henry was raised by his father. Based on what we know about the relationship of genes and environment, we can correctly conclude that: the boys' genotypes will be the same because their phenotypes are the same. the boys' phenotypes will be different even though their genotypes are exactly the same. the boys' genotypes will be different because their phenotypes are different. the boys' phenotypes will be the same because their genotypes are exactly the same.

the boys' phenotypes will be different even though their genotypes are exactly the same.

The cluster of cells that had developed from the single-cell zygote by the end of the two-week germinal period is called: the embryo. the fetus. the umbilical cord. the zygote.

the embryo.

The period of early adulthood is typically associated with: the reviewing of one's life for meaning. the formation of a committed, intimate relationship. a period of rebellion against one's parents. the development of a sense of pride and competence in schoolwork and in home and social activities.

the formation of a committed, intimate relationship

The period of menopause in women involves: the natural cessation of menstruation and the end of reproductive capacity. the removal of the woman's uterus. the beginning of the menstrual period and the beginning of reproductive capacity. the first menstrual cycle.

the natural cessation of menstruation and the end of reproductive capacity.

The embryonic period is: the third and longest period of prenatal development, extending from the ninth week until birth. the second period of prenatal development, extending from the third week through the eight week. the transitional stage between childhood and the beginning of adulthood. the first two weeks of prenatal development.

the second period of prenatal development, extending from the third week through the eight week.

Adolescence is: the time during which a child achieves mastery of conservation. when a person traditionally leaves for college. the time when a person begins the process of examining his or her life choices. the transitional stage between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood, and when sexual maturity is reached.

the transitional stage between late childhood and the beginning of adulthood, and when sexual maturity is reached.

The gap between what children can accomplish on their own and what they can accomplish with the help of others who are more competent is called ______, according to Vygotsky. conservation information processing egocentrism the zone of proximal development

the zone of proximal development

The first two psychosocial conflicts, according to Erikson, both of which occur prior to the age of 3 years, are called (in sequence) ______ and ______. industry versus inferiority; autonomy versus doubt trust versus mistrust; autonomy versus doubt autonomy versus doubt; initiative versus guilt initiative versus guilt; trust versus mistrust

trust versus mistrust; autonomy versus doubt

One of the trends revealed in the last several years about dual-career families is that: both men and women are taking primary responsibility for child care. neither men nor women are taking primary responsibility for child care. men are becoming more likely to interrupt their careers or leave their jobs to take care of children. women continue to take primary responsibility for child care and to either interrupt their careers or leave their jobs to fulfill that responsibility.

women continue to take primary responsibility for child care and to either interrupt their careers or leave their jobs to fulfill that responsibility.

Although not yet aware of her pregnancy, Mrs. Upton has conceived a single cell from the union of an egg cell and a sperm cell. This single cell is called a: baby. fetus. zygote. embryo.

zygote

Although not yet aware of her pregnancy, Mrs. Upton has conceived a single cell from the union of an egg cell and a sperm cell. This single cell is called a: fetus. embryo. baby. zygote.

zygote.