PSYC334 Chapter 10

antisocial personality disorder differs from the other Cluster B disorders in that

a need for approval or attention is not displayed

sam shows little emotion and is a loner. he has no social relationships other than his family, and he seems to experience little pleasure, if any. what personality disorder might sam have? a. paranoid b. schizoid c. borderline d. narcisisstic

b. schizoid

while the individual with ____ personality disorder appears cool and aloof, the individual with ____ personality disorder is best described as odd. a. avoidant; schizotypal b. schizoid; schizotypal c. schizoid; avoidant d. schizotypal; avoidant

b. schizoid; schizotypal

in contrast to schizoid individuals, those with avoidant personality disorder

are extremely upset by their lack of social relationships

According to Paris' multidimensional theory of borderline personality disorder (BPD), people with high levels of impulsivity and affective instability

are likely to develop BPD if they are exposed to trauma

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of dependent personality disorder?

high neuroticism and high agreeableness

Involvement in an abusive relationship (as the one who is abused) would be most expected of the individual with ________ personality disorder.

dependent

_____ personality disorder is much more common in men than women and involves the exploitation of others without remorse.

Antisocial

Why is the use of medication for borderline personality disorder controversial?

Because it is frequently associated with suicidal behavior

Which of the following best explains why it is such a challenge to treat personality disorders?

By definition, they are enduring patterns of thought and behavior.

Which of the following is true about the connection between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder?

Many people who have antisocial personality disorder do not have psychopathy.

What is the main difference between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?

People with OCPD do not have true obsessions or compulsions like people with OCD have.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of treating personality disorders? a. Individuals with personality disorders from Clusters A and B are more difficult to treat because of their interpersonal difficulties and reluctance to enter therapy. b. Treatment for individuals with dependent personality disorder ought to be altered so that excessive dependency is not fostered. c. People with personality disorders have trouble establishing good therapeutic relationships with their therapist. d. People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.

People with both a personality disorder diagnosis and another type of disorder are easier to treat than people with just a personality disorder because they have more distress.

How does temperament relate to personality disorders?

Temperament is inherited and may predispose people to develop particular personality traits and disorders. This can make personality disorders seem inherited, but it is the traits that predispose people to the disorders that are inherited.

The fear of abandonment is seen in both borderline and dependent personality disorder. A key difference is their reaction to it:

The person with borderline personality disorder gets angry, and the person with dependent personality disorder becomes submissive.

characteristics of a personality disorder

This is a disorder in which personality traits and behavior patterns are maladaptive, inflexible, and not readily adaptive to new situations. The behavior patterns are stable and of long duration. They do not stem from reactions to stress, but involve the gradual development of behavior patterns. They usually significantly impair social or occupational functioning and in some cases cause a good deal of subjective emotional distress.

Which of the following is a part of the clinical picture in antisocial personality and psychopathy?

Using charm to make a strong first impression.

who is most likely to develop antisocial personality disorder?

a child with conduct disorder, ADHD, or oppositional defiant disorder

one proposed revision for the DSM-5 pertaining to the diagnosis of personality disorders did not occur. which change was this?

a dimensional approach will be used to achieve diagnosis

Dialectical behavior therapy is

a promising, problem-focused treatment for borderline personality disorder.

Inidividuals who seem odd and eccentric to others may have personality disorders from a. cluster A b. Cluster B c. Cluster C d. proposed diagnostic categories needing further studies

a. Cluster A

personality disorders were once known as: a. character disorders b. identity disorders c. conduct disorders d. maladaptive behavioral patterns

a. character disorders

a cognitive explanation for schizoid personality disorder proposes that the individual with this disorder believes a. he is basically alone b. few people can be trusted c. no one can live up to his or her expectations d. he is misunderstood

a. he is basically alone

Luisa is a lively and emotional graduate student. She dresses provocatively and behaves in a very seductive manner with her male professors. She has had a long string of short-lived, stormy romances. Luisa is most likely to have a diagnosis of a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. passive-aggressive personality disorder.

a. histrionic

the five-factor model: a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions b. is a model that attempts to explain personality disorders by dividing them into five main categories c. is a model that explains the causes of personality disorders by describing the five most important factors that lead to their development d. is a five-step model for the treatment of personality disorders.

a. is a model of normal personality that includes an expanded description of the five basic personality dimensions

greg has been diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder. Knowing this, which of the following jobs would he be most likely to enjoy? a. night time security guard who works alone b. receptionist at a busy dentist office c. insurance inspector who uncovers clues that criminal behavior has occurred d. elementary school teacher who works with children with emotional problems

a. night time security guard who works alone

Helen is suspicious and doubts the loyalty of even her friends. She is unwilling to forgive perceived insults and never forgets a grudge. She is most likely diagnosed with _____ Personality disorder. a. paranoid b. histrionic c. schizoid d. schizotypal

a. paranoid

unlike disorders like depression and PTSD, a. personality disorders develop gradually b. multiple causal events can be identified when a personality disorder has developed c. those with personality disorders experience considerable subjective distress d. personality disorders are emotional disorders

a. personality disorders develop gradually

which statement about personality disorders is accurate a. the category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity b. the personality disorders are considered situation-specific problems in behaving c. most of the personality disorders are extreme reactions to stressful life events d. even the milder cases of personality disorders produce severe impariments in social and occupational functioning

a. the category is broad and encompasses behavioral problems that vary widely in form and severity

which of the following is a factor that complicates determining the causes of personality disorders a. the high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another b. the availability of only prospective data c. the wealth of biological data available d. the inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality

a. the high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder may also have another

the histrionic seeks ____ while the narcissist needs _____.

admiration;attention

early criminal behavior is most characteristic of

antisocial personality disorder

henry was a charming middle-aged man who came to the attention of authorities on bigamy charges. he had a long history of courting and supposedly marrying elderly widows, then absconding with their money. His diagnosis is most likely

antisocial personality disorder

. Sharon says, "I would love to be in an intimate relationship. My life is terribly boring and lonely. But I am extremely shy and I would fall apart if any man criticized me in the slightest." This description best matches the symptoms of ________ personality disorder.

avoidant

Stu has no friends except his brother. He would desperately love to date women but is certain no woman would be interested in him. He tried a dating service but was convinced that the secretary was trying to get rid of him because he was such a poor candidate. The most likely diagnosis for Stu is

avoidant personality disorder

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of histrionic personality disorder? a. Low openness to feelings and high fantasy proneness b. High extraversion and high neuroticism c. High neuroticism and low agreeableness d. High conscientiousness and low assertiveness

b. High extraversion and high neuroticism

There is a general agreement among researchers that personality: a. is mainly learned b. can be characterized by five basic trait dimensions c. has an infinite number of possible traits d. is mainly genetic

b. can be characterized by five basic traits

which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in development of schizoid personality disorder? a. low agreeableness and high antagonism b. high introversion and low openness to feelings c. high introversion and low agreeableness d. low excitement seeking and high fantasy proneness

b. high introversion and low openness to feelings

since there are substantial problems with reliability and validity of the diagnoses of personality disorders a. they are rarely used in clinical practice b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be replicated by other researchers c. they are considered by clinicians only as suggestions and do not have an impairment on treatment decisions d. very little research or search for treatments is done.

b. it is less likely that research on a disorder will be able to be repilicated

Misdiagnoses are common when looking at potential personality disorders because: a. the diagnostic criteria are objective b. many of the personality disorders share common features. c. most of those in treatment for personality disorders are heavily medicated d. it is usually not possible to determine when the problematic behavior began

b. many of the personality disorders share common features

Hope believes that she is the "star" of her graduate class and that the other students dislike her because they are jealous of her superior intelligence. She believes that she is entitled to be exempted from an important exam because of her outstanding performance in class. Hope probably suffers from a. histrionic personality disorder. b. narcissistic personality disorder. c. dependent personality disorder. d. schizoid personality disorder

b. narcissistic

What do all of the Cluster A disorders have in common? a. Lack of emotional expression b. oddness or eccentricity c. clear link to schizophrenia d. trust in other people

b. oddness or eccentricity

schizophrenic disorders seem to be most strongly linked genetically to ____ personality disorder a. schizoid b. schizotypal c. avoidant d. A and B

b. schizotypal

Which of the following best accounts for why women are more likely to be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than men? a. Women are more likely to develop this disorder. b. The symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women. c. Women are naturally more likely than men to engage in attention-seeking behaviors. d. The primary feature of this disorder is emotionality and women are more emotional than men.

b. the symptoms tend to be maladaptive exaggerations of traits normally seen in women

Carl has psychopathy. You would expect him to

be very interested in rewards and to continue his behavior even when the rewards don't come as often as they did.

Loretta has a long history of first idealizing men and then feeling they have abandoned her. Feelings of emptiness change into reckless acts of sexual promiscuity, gambling, and suicide attempts. She feels that she has never had a sense of self. Loretta probably has ________ personality disorder.

borderline

Glenna believed that Sam loved her and that she could not live without him. When he told her he did not want to see her again, she became violently angry and manipulated him into staying with her by threatening suicide. Which of the following personality disorder does Glenna's behavior suggest she might have?

borderline personality disorder

Transient psychotic and dissociative experiences can occur in ________ personality disorder.

borderline personality disorder

impulsivity and extreme instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood best characterize

borderline personality disorder

The main difference between borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder is that

both exploit others but the person with borderline personality disorder does it due to an angry reaction to disappointments and the person with antisocial personality disorder does it for gain and without guilt.

Lori is vain and self-centered. When she goes out, it is not at all uncommon for her to do things that ensure she is the center of attention. Her close friends describe her as a "drama queen." Assuming that her behavior is sufficient to warrant a diagnosis, which of the following personality disorders is she most likely to be diagnosed with? a. Antisocial b. Borderline c. Histrionic d. Narcissistic

c. Histrionic

which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of paranoid personality disorder a. introversion and openness to feelings b. excitement seeking and neuroticism c. antagonism andneuroticism d. fantasy proneness and tough mindedness

c. antagonism and neuroticism

The behavioral patterns of individuals with personality disorders a. tend to fluctuate over time b. tend to normalize with experience as an individual matures c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptations to new kinds of experiences d. are remarkable in their tendency to shift dramatically from one kind of disorder to another

c. are thought to be relatively consistent over time, with little adaptations to new kinds of experiences

Individuals with personality disorders a. comply with societal expectations b. reject societal expectations c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society d. have a strong sense of self

c. are unable to perform some roles expected by society

individuals with schizoid and paranoid personality disorders differ significantly in their a. ability to function b. display of psychotic symptoms c. level of emotionality d. likelihood of recovery

c. level of emotionality

Some people always think that everyone is looking at them and talking about them, wishing to be like them. this self-focused view of the world would be expected in someone with _____ personality disorder a. borderline b histrionic c. narcissistic d. paranoid

c. narcissistic

The best description of the biological component of personality disorders is a. they are directly inherited disorders b. they have no biological component, they are learned c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder d. people inherit the trait of anxiety, which underlies all of the personality disorders and predisposes people to developing a personality disorder.

c. personality traits are inherited that predispose a person to developing a personality disorder

Tom tells you that he can make his roommate take out the trash by simply thinking about his roommate doing it. He agrees with you that this could sometimes just be a coincidence, but he seems to truly believe he can sometimes get people to do things just by thinking about it. You find him understandable when he talks, but sometimes hard to follow. His clothes are messy and don't match. Tom tells you not to tell anyone about his power, because he knows that other people don't like him because they are jealous and they would hurt him if they could. The best diagnosis for Tom is: a. borderline personality disorder b. paranoid c. schizotypal d. schizoid

c. schizotypal

thought and speech oddities comparable to those seen in schizophrenia have been documented in ____ personality disorder a. paranoid b. schizoid c. schizotypal d. borderline

c. schizotypal

because they were regarded as being different from standard psychiatric syndromes, the personality disorders in the DSM-IV were a. not listed b. categorized as emotional disorders c. separated from mood disorders d. given what is called a "provisional" category

c. separated from mood disorders

The "clusters" of personality disorders found in the DSM-5 are grouped based on a. similar etiologies b. level of dysfunction c. symptom or feature similarities d. expected prognosis

c. symptom or feature similarites

symptoms of what disorder are present in individuals who later develop antisocial personality disorder

conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder

Which of the following distinguishes narcissistic personality disorder from other Cluster B disorders?

d. Grandiosity

People find Adam difficult to be around. His behavior is unpredictable and erratic but most often is annoying to others. he doest seem to learn from his bad experiences, instead he keeps repeating the same mistakes over and over. His family says adam has been like this since at least junior high school. Adam most likely has: a. a mood disorder b. an anxiety disorder c. a dissociative disorder d. a personality disorder

d. a personality disorder

The finding that temperament may play a role in the etiology of personality disorders suggests that a. all personality disorders have a biological data b. learning plays a significant role in the development of personality disorders c. the environment does not play a causal role in the development of mood disorders d. a susceptability to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited

d. a susceptibility to the development of a personality disorder may be inherited

the central problem of schizoid personality disorder is a. recurrent depression b. a marked disregard for the feelings of others c. cognitive and perceptual distortions d. an inability to form attachments to other people

d. an inability to form attachments to other people

Which of the following is a Cluster B personality Disorder a. depressive b. schizoid c. paranoid d. borderline

d. borderline

Unlike the person with paranoid schizophrenia, the person with paranoid personality disorder a. becomes delusional in response to an actual betrayal or hurtful incident with another person b. has persistent loss of reality contact. c. tends to confide in others and assume the loyalty of his or her friends d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms

d. is in contact with reality, although he or she may have transient psychotic symptoms

the best single-word description for the person with paranoid personality disorder is a. delusional b. impulsive c. unemotional d. mistrustful

d. mistrustful

Transient psychotic symptoms are seen in which of the following personality disorders? a. paranoid and schizoid b. schizotypal and schizoid c. schizoid and antisocial d. paranoid and schizotypal

d. paranoid and schizotypal

Which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with histrionic personality disorder? a. Vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment b. Excessive trust and dependence on others' opinions c. Cruel and callous exploitation of others for personal gain d. Repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

d. repeated manipulation of others to gain attention

which of the following personality disorders is most likely to be mistaken for schizophrenia? a. avoidant b. borderline c. schizoid d. schizotypal

d. schizotypal

According to the DSM-5, which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis? a. the patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control b. the patient must experience mild irritability c. signs of psychosis must be present d. the person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.

d. the person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment

Emily calls her husband every day at work to ask him what she should make for dinner. She spends her days at her mother's, because Emily worries that something will go wrong in her own home that she won't be able to handle. Even though she paints and draws well, Emily has never tried to take a class or use her talent, because she says she knows she really isn't good enough. Emily's most likely diagnosis is

dependent personality disorder

which disorder is a comorbid diagnosis of depression most commonly seen

dependent personality disorder

about half of the individuals with borderline personality disorder also qualifiy for:

diagnosis of a mood disorder at some time

the individuals with avoidant personality disorder is unlikely to develop lasting relationships as a result of

fear of rejection

avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from

generalized social phobia

Hattie has a dependent personality disorder. This means that she

has acute discomfort when she is alone

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of obsessive compulsive personality disorder?

high conscientiousness and low compliance

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of borderline personality disorder?

high impulsivity and affective instability

Which basic personality traits from the five-factor model seem most important in the development of avoidant personality disorder?

high introversion and high neuroticism

which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitudes and behaviors of someone with antisocial personality disorder?

irritable and aggressive pattern of irresponsible behavior

the presence of psychopathy

is the single best predictor of future violence and crime recidivism

At a young age, children are not able to understand that the world that others experience is different from their own. Children also tend to overestimate their own abilities. A failure to outgrow these youthful characteristics might explain the development of ________ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. borderline c. histrionic d. narcissistic

narcissistic

parental overvaluation is associated with which personality disorder?

narcissistic

John has a great need for order and perfectionism. He can't leave the house until every hair is in place, and he has been known to iron the same shirt over and over to ensure that he is wrinkle-free. What personality disorder does John's behavior suggest?

obsessive complusive

an individual with _____ personality disorder is likely to be described as rigid and cold

obsessive compulsive

which type of child is most likely to show the personality traits of a psychopath as an adult?

one who has fearlessness, low anxiety, and high callousness

An employee evaluation: "He takes what he wants rather than earns it. He hates routine and boredom more than anything else. Thrill-seeking and impulsive actions have gotten him fired from this job. It will get him fired at many others." What kind of disorder does the employee illustrate?

psychopathy

The individual with avoidant personality disorder behaves most similarly to someone with ________ personality disorder.

schizoid

people with _____ are usually unable to form social relationships and have little interest in them

schizoid personality disorder

Donna has borderline personality disorder. She is in therapy, but progress is slow. One problem is that some days she thinks her therapist is the most wonderful person in the world. On other days, she thinks he is worthless and untrustworthy. This type of thinking is called

splitting

what "border" did the term "borderline" in borderline personality disorder refer to?

the behaviors exhibited by people with borderline personality disorder lie on the continuum between neurotic and psychotic disorders

the borderline personality disorder differs from histrionic disorder in that

the central role of sexuality is not present

why is it that people with narcissistic personality disorder are unlikely to seek treatment

they think they are nearly perfect and in no need of change

which of the following is most typical of the interpersonal attitude and behaviors of someone with borderline personality disorder

vacillation between overidealization and bitter disappointment