PSYCH 024 FINAL EXAM

Your mother tells you that she is concerned for your grandmother. Your grandmother had a dog that she absolutely adored and had to euthanize it last week. She has lost interest in her daily activities and has begun to mope around the house. She longs to be with her dog and misses him dearly. Your mother believes that a psychologist needs to get involved. Based upon the information provided by the text, what should you tell your mother?

"Mom, it's normal for a person to experience minor depression in the initial stages of bereavement."

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that some people travel through five stages of coping when diagnosed with a terminal illness. Which of the following best illustrates the stage of denial?

"No, it can't be true. There must be some mistake. Perhaps my test results got mixed up with someone else's."

Frankie trained as a mechanic while she was in high school. As part of her schedule, she spent the morning completing her academic coursework and then spent the afternoon at a vocational training center learning from a master mechanic. Upon high school graduation,she was hired by an auto repair shop. After years of working, Frankie is considered an expert in auto repair. Based upon how long it takes to develop expertise in any particular field, what is Frankie's likely minimum age?

28

When he was 6 years old, Perry used to chase his older brother, Marcus, in the backyard, but got winded sooner than Marcus did. Now that Perry is a 9-year-old, he can run faster and longer than ever before and has less trouble keeping up with Marcus's pace. This is a result of increased ____ in middle childhood. A) Lung capacity B) Fine motor movement C) Flexibility D) Myopic vision

A) Lung capacity

When capable of concrete operational thought, children __________________________. A) can organize and manipulate information mentally B) still have great difficulty with seriation tasks, such as arranging items from shortest to longest C) can reason about abstractions D) are likely to be misled by appearance

A) can organize and manipulate information mentally

Great inventors such as Leonardo da Vinci, Benjamin Franklin, and Alexander Graham Bell all possess which of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? A) creative intelligence B) practical intelligence C) analytical intelligence D) logical-mathematical intelligence

A) creative intelligence

When compared to her 6-year-old sister, Isabelle, an 8th grader, is more likely to describe herself in terms of _________ characteristics A) physical B) concrete C) psychological D) external

A) physical

Your 78-year-old grandmother is having difficulty with memories of her grandchildren, whom she dearly loves. She has difficulty with simple tasks that she has performed hundreds of times, such as remembering the route to the grocery store. She is also quite a bit different in her personality than she used to be. There are several types of dementia; what type is your grandmother most likely experiencing?

Alzheimer's disease

During middle childhood ___________________________. A) the ability to self-regulate decreases from early childhood, mostly because of the many different contexts they experience B) children are aware that they can experience two contradictory emotions at once C) it is harder for children to hide their emotions than in early childhood because they become so much more intense at this part of development D) children are less content than in adolescence mostly because they do not have the social skills required to manage peer conflict

B) children are aware that they can experience two contradictory emotions at once

"You should steal the drugs because you'll get caught and sent to jail." Is an example of which stage of Kohlberg's moral development? A) conventional B) pre-conventional C)post conventional D) early stage of moral development

B) pre-conventional

Sam is unpopular and has trouble making friends. He is aggressive and just last week started a fight by punching a boy who disagreed with him. Which of the following is most likely the case? Sam is a(n) ________ child. A) neglected B) rejected C) controversial D) average

B) rejected

____ viewed moral development as based on cognitive development, such that moral thinking changes in predictable ways as cognitive abilities develop, regardless of culture. A) karen horney B) jean piaget C) lawrence kohlberg D) lene jensen

C) lawrence kohlberg

Which of the following best describes Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning? A) moral reasoning is based on the individual's own independent judgements rather than on what others view as right or wrong B) what is right is whatever agrees with the rules established by tradition and by authorities C) rules should be obeyed based from in authority D) moral reasoning is based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments

C) rules should be obeyed based from in authority

Morris is an engineer. He has always been especially skilled at looking at a two-dimensional blueprint of a building and visualizing that image as it relates to a three-dimensional structure in the real world. According to Gardner, Morris possesses ____. A) musical intelligence B) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence C) spatial intelligence D) intrapersonal intelligence

C) spatial intelligence

Your brother just remarried a woman who has been divorced for a year. He is now the stepfather of three children ranging in ages from 2 to 7 years. He is trying to do his best and support his new wife with parenting duties and to show her children that he cares for them. He called last night and was very upset. He found a picture that his oldest stepchild drew and it did not include him. What would you tell him? A) the biological father probably told the children to draw pictures of the family with him omitted to purposefully hurt his feelings B) not to worry. this picture was probably drawn before he was part of the family C) you have no idea why his stepchild did this. the stepchild was probably confused D) This is typical. There is quite a bit of disruption when a divorce occurs and children typically resent their stepfathers.

D) This is typical. There is quite a bit of disruption when a divorce occurs and children typically resent their stepfathers.

In middle childhood, ______________________________. A) girls are more likely than their male counterparts to be on a sports team because they are more collaborative B) children are less coordinated than they were in early childhood because they are going through an awkward phase C) children have a slower reaction time than they did early in childhood because they are less impulsive D) children are more likely to be involved in organized sports than they were when they were younger

D) children are more likely to be involved in organized sports than they were when they were younger

____ is a person's capacity for acquiring knowledge, reasoning, and solving problems. A) temperament B) attachment C) personality D) intelligence

D) intelligence

Maurice is 8 years old and is shown two round balls of clay that are equal in size. He watches as the experimenter rolls one ball into a long sausage shape. When asked, "Which has more clay?" he will likely reply __________________. A) the ball B) the long one that looks like a sausage C) i'm not sure, i'll need to weigh them D) they're both the same

D) they're both the same

Your 23-year-old brother has never been interested in exercising. He has a rather fast metabolism and has never gained any weight. You are trying to get him to exercise and he sees no value in doing so. What argument could you use?

Exercise will lower the probability of acquiring diabetes, cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer.

____ is the inevitable biological aging that takes place in all members of the human species, as it takes place in all living organisms, whereas ____ is the decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise, and substance use, as well as environmental influences such as pollution.

Primary aging; secondary aging

Your best friend who has a very high IQ just began a new job that seems to be a perfect fit for her. However, she has been stressed about how she will perform. What could you tell her?

She is likely to succeed. Research has found that people in the highest 25% in IQ will do well in their careers.

Your grandfather has been an avid smoker for most of his adult life. You are visiting him and he suddenly becomes weak, dizzy, and confused, has shortness of breath and is feeling acute chest pain. What is your grandfather experiencing?

a heart attack

In developed countries, most individuals die at ____, whereas in developing countries most individuals die at ____.

a hospital; home

Jefferson was late to work, speeding, and was pulled over and given a ticket. Without too much fuss, he reluctantly paid the fine, knowing full well he should not have been speeding. Which of the following characteristics of adulthood most closely resembles Jefferson's attitude?

accepting responsibility for oneself

Your 94-year-old great-grandmother is having difficulty with bathing, dressing, food preparation and eating, housekeeping, and paying bills. Your family is considering getting some professional nursing care for her. During the interview with the nursing care provider, the nurse asks what your great-grandmother's major concerns are. What would you tell the nurse?

activities of daily living

The ____ self is your self-conception, and ____ selves are the different people you could become in the future depending on your choices and experiences.

actual; possible

____ is when an individual distinguishes their thinking about their own thoughts from their thinking about the thoughts of others.

adlescent egocentrism

What type of delinquent individuals show signs of problems since birth, and many of them engage in criminal activity after their mid-twenties?

adolescence-limited delinquents

Anxiety about death is highest among those who ____.

are unsure or inconsistent about religion

According to Kübler-Ross, in what stage would a person who is facing imminent death plead "just let me live and I promise I'll dedicate my life to healing others" or "just give me one more year so that I can see my child get married"?

bargaining

Britney is 23 years old and has been working full-time for the past two years. She has her own apartment, a balanced checkbook, and a substantial savings account. This is not by chance, because Britney's parents instilled in her the idea that wise financial decisions are important in life. The way things are headed, it looks as if Britney will be able to purchase her own house in a few years. Which of the following markers of adulthood has Brittany achieved?

becoming financially independent

Some midlife adults quit their jobs because they become disillusioned, frustrated, and tired of them. What is this phenomenon?

burnout

The major sources of death in the later stages of the lifespan are ____.

cardiovascular disease and cancer

What difficulty can affect older adult vision, in which there is a progressive thickening of the lens, causing vision to become cloudy and distorted?

cataracts

The deaths that cause the most grief are those of parents, spouses, and ____.

children

What describes the most important physical changes of midlife in terms of the reproductive system as fertility declines in males and females?

climacteric

____ are small groups of friends who know each other well, do things together, and form a regular social group; in contrast, ____ are larger, reputation-based groups of adolescents who are not necessarily friends and do not necessarily spend much time together.

cliques; crowds

Your grandparents have been married for 50 years. They go everywhere together. You have caught them kissing when they thought they were alone and they hold hands quite a bit in public. They rarely make a move without asking the other his or her opinion. You hope to have that type of relationship some day. According to Sternberg, what type of love do you think they are experiencing?

consummate love

Minke has an antique restoration business and has a great ability to envision a piece of junk as a restored final masterpiece. Throughout his life he has always tinkered with innovative ideas and has always invented new products. It is clear that Minke possesses a high level of____.

creativity

Your high-school-aged sister is one of the school's best sprinters and she's also a starting forward on two different soccer teams. During free periods, she spends time in the weight room with her teammates and coaches. Your family and other students at her school consider her a jock. What type of group does being a jock signify that she's a member of?

crowd

The overall conclusion of several longitudinal studies shows that self-esteem slightly ____ in early adolescence, then slightly ____ through late adolescence and emerging adulthood.

declines; rises

Which of the following are the stages that Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that individuals go through as a response to death?

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

In middle childhood, children become more capable of focusing their attention on relevant information and ____, which is called ____.

disregarding what is irrelevant; selective attention

Which of the following is an example of when an individual must perform divided attention?

driving a car while navigating with a map and carrying on a conversation

Eighty percent of people who are diagnosed with osteoporosis are women. What is the simple explanation for this phenomenon?

during menoupause, women lose estrogen and this puts women at a greater risk for the development of osteoporosis

In asking Fred, who is in late adulthood, if he could go back to any age in his life and change anything, which age would it be? Fred replies that he is content, that his life has been good, and that he rather not change anything about it, even his mistakes. According to Erikson, it is clear that Fred possesses _________.

ego integrity

What is the crisis that Erikson proposed exists during late adulthood?

ego integrity vs. despair

Kathy, who is in late adulthood, has noticed that she no longer spends time with her former colleagues from work, but spends a great deal of time with people who she volunteers with at a local volunteer ambulance base. She finds that her friends who volunteer bring her a great degree of happiness and she has a lower degree of conflict, if any, with them. It is clear that Kathy has moved towards a(n) _________.

emotions-based social relationship

You and your boyfriend are seniors in college, but have been together since you were sophomores in high school. At this point, you have grown apart and the passion and intimacy have long been gone. According to Sternberg, what type of love are you experiencing?

empty love

With respect to pubertal development, the most important estrogen is _________ and the most important androgen is _______.

estradiol; testosterone

Your 43-year-old uncle has his own automobile repair shop. whenever you have car problems all you have to do is describe the noise that your car is making and he can accurately diagnose the problem on the phone. Psychologists would argue that this is an example of his ___.

expertise

Gaining ____ allows an individual to solve problems, whereas ____ allows an individual to find problems to solve.

expertise; creativity

Kerry loves and respects her mother; however, her mother works in a job that she hates. Kerry knows that she wants better for herself and wants to earn a college degree. Having a teaching career in mind, Kerry knows that she does not want to work in a job similar to her mother's. Which of the following self-concepts best describes Kerry trepidation of working in a dissatisfying career like her mother does?

feared self

__________ is the type of intelligence that involves information processing abilities such as short-term memory, ability to discern relations between visual stimuli, and speed of synthesizing new information, whereas __________ represents the accumulation of a person's culturally based knowledge, language, and understanding of social conventions

fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence

Whom do adolescents indicate they depend on for companionship and intimacy?

friends

Researchers believe that the continued maturity of which lobe of the cortex during young adulthood is responsible for cognitive changes such as focusing attention and goal-directed behaviors that lead to expertise.

frontal

What area of the brain is associated with the overproduction of synaptic connections during puberty?

frontal lobes

You noticed that your 41-year-old uncle has become very interested in helping in his daughter's Girl Scout troop and coaching his son's soccer team. According to Erikson, what is your uncle displaying?

generativity

Samantha is the best middle manager the company has. She constantly puts countless hours into her job and is one of the best and brightest around. Samantha has not received a raise or promotion for many years and believes it is because she is a woman experiencing unseen discrimination. It is clear that Samantha is feeling the effects of a ____________

glass ceiling

Your grandfather died a month ago. Your grandmother is having a great deal of trouble coping with his death. She is experiencing ____.

grief

Which of the following is an environmental cause for decreased auditory acuity during middle adulthood?

having a history of working within a factory or a job that exposes a person to chronically loud noises

Death anxiety is ____ in emerging adulthood, then ____ with age and is lowest in ____ adulthood.

highest; declines; late

Your 32-year-old cousin is dying of terminal cancer. Although his hospital care has been extraordinarily good, his doctors have estimated that he only has two months of life left. All of the medical approaches have been exhausted and your family has decided to pursue what approach in an effort to make sure his emotional and spiritual needs are met, as well as to receive support themselves?

hospice

How a person responds to the death of another person depends on who has died and ____.

how the death occurred

You were recently watching your younger sister, who is 13yearsold, try to figure out why her cell phone was not working. You were fascinated by the systematic problem-solving strategies that she was using. You remember just a few months ago she would not have been able to perform at this level of hypothesis testing. According to Piaget, what type of reasoning is she using?

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

According to Erikson, before an individual can establish intimacy with another, he or she must successfully establish his or her ____.

identity in love, work, and ideology

The cerebellum is ____, whereas the frontal lobes are ____.

involved in balance and coordination; responsible for planning and judgment

Sichhun is a 50-year-old female whose hormone levels have dropped. Her menstrual cycle has ceased and she has begun to experience hot flashes, headaches, dizziness, and heart palpitations on a frequent basis. Which of the following best explains her condition?

manopause

What do traditional cultures value as the key transition to adulthood because they prize the collectivistic value of interdependence more highly than the individualistic value of independence?

marriage

What is the most effective approach to treating adolescent depression?

medication and psychotherapy

Your daughter is 9-years-old and you have been talking about the changes that she will soon be experiencing. One of the topics that you are discussing is what happens during menstruation and what she can expect. You tell her that the first menstrual period has a special name. What is it?

menarche

What is the term for the concept that people in middle adulthood agonize over the meaning of life and make radical and reckless changes in order to avoid living a life of quiet desperation?

mid life crisis

You have noticed that whenever you and your mother are at the bookstore, she needs to hold the book that she is reading about an arm's length away from her face. Is she just trying to embarrass you?

no, she needs to get reading glasses

What continues to increase in prevalence partly due to a biological tendency toward increasing body fat and losing muscle mass in middle adulthood?

obesity

What is the ratio of the number of persons aged 65 years or older to the number of persons aged 20 to 64 years (number of persons aged 65 years or older/number of persons 20 to 64 x 100) referred to as?

old-age dependency ratio

There are two types of euthanasia: ____ involves ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a person's life, whereas ____ involves not just ceasing treatment but also taking steps to hasten death.

passive euthanasia; active euthanasia

Which of the three measures of fluid intelligence decline steeply throughout adulthood?

perceptual speed

The majority of research on emotions and the self-concept of individuals in late adulthood have concluded that most individuals have a greater number of _____.

positive emotions and experience a more positive self-esteem

As aging occurs, what happens to people's ability to concentrate on a task for an extended period of time? In laboratory tests, older and younger adults were presented with a series of stimuli and were required to press a key only when they saw a particular pattern. Compared to younger adults, how did older adults do on this task? Older adults ____.

responded more slowly and made more errors

When individuals have an awareness of both their good and bad characteristics and overall feel more positive about themselves and their lives, what do they have?

self-acceptance

Your grandfather works on the New York Times crossword puzzle every day. He has been very good at solving the puzzle and nearly always does. His ability to remember the meaning of words has shown no decline as he has aged, and really shows very little decline for most older adults. What type of memory is this?

semantic memory

Your grandfather explains to you how to use his new multifunctional phone. You ask him where he learned to use his new phone but he cannot recall. Trying his best, he can only tell you how it works. It is clear that your grandfather has limited ____.

source memory

Which of the following are two aspects of cognitive development that occur during young adulthood?

the acquisition of expertise and creativity

Your 32-year-old sister noticed a couple of gray hairs and is now worried that she is aging prematurely. What do you tell her?

the beginning of gray hair occurs for many individuals during young adulthood, so she should not be worried

Your 14-year-old nephew just walked in the door from school and told you that he is not going to go back to school. You ask why and he tells you that everyone laughed at him because he dropped his tray full of food as he was sitting down during lunch. Although you tried to help, he was inconsolable. Why? Your nephew was experiencing what David Elkind regarded as ____.

the imaginary audience

Your younger brother's best friend is a huge risk-taker. Even though he is 15yearsold, he has already exhibited some very dangerous behaviors. One of his favorite activities is to run across a highway in the early evening when there is quite a bit of traffic. What concept helps to explain this risky behavior?

the personal fable

During middle adulthood, a critical determinant of the relations that parents have with their children is___________

whether or not their children live with them

In many traditional cultures, village elders are known to have insight into human nature, knowledge of human social relations and emotions, and they apply strategies from insight and knowledge to help with everyday life. It is clear that village elders possess ____.

wisdom

Healthy intimacy means having a strong enough identity to become emotionally close to someone ____.

without submerging oneself into the relationship

You are speaking with your 67-year-old grandfather, who is jokingly telling you that he is about as old as one can get. Remembering your developmental class, what do you know about his age in reference to the lifespan? He is actually in the ____.

young-old group