Psych 1

A weak correlation is indicated by a(n)

absolute value near zero

In the MOST common form of color blindness:

red and green cannot be distinguished.

The light-sensitive inner portion of the eye is called the _____.

retina

A famous Hollywood director has decided to present his latest film in 3-D. This will create a great movie-going experience for viewers because 3-D movies exaggerate _____ disparity.

retinal

Clarissa's metabolism has been irregular. There is MOST likely an abnormality with her _____ gland

thyroid

_____ processing is guided by higher-level mental processes such as expectations.

top-down

According to the text, the Greek philosopher _____ believed that the heart is the source of our personality.

Aristotle

The textbook recommends a study method called _____ that emphasizes active processing.

SQ3R

Dr. Gigliotti is conducting a detailed examination of a patient with dissociative identity disorder. Dr. Gigliotti is undertaking:

a case study

The only way to demonstrate _____ is to conduct an experiment rather than a correlational study. a. cause and effect b. the strength of the relationship between variables c. statistical-significance d. the order in random events

a. cause and effect

Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are called _____ rhythms. a. circadian b. diurnal c. cyclic d. biological

a. circadian

Given the proportional amounts of the different types of neurons in the human body, which type of neuron would you be LEAST likely to worry about if you lost 100,000 of them? a. interneurons b. sensory neurons c. motor neurons d. threshold neurons

a. interneurons

Dr. Zimmerman's study on love was controversial, and other researchers wished to verify the results for themselves. In order to replicate the findings, which aspect of Dr. Zimmerman's study is MOST critical? a. operational definitions b. the list of participants c. the control group d. statistical analyses

a. operational definitions

When Ryan arrived at the gym on Tuesday morning, he noticed the musty odor of the showers in the locker room. As he finished changing, he did not notice the smell. This is probably the result of sensory _____.

adaptation

Nadine hears a television talk show guest remark that "A baby's mother provides it with food, and that's the basis for attachment." Nadine immediately realizes that this statement is FALSE, because she is familiar with: a. Piaget's investigations of conservation b. Harlow's work with monkey c. Ainsworth's ""strange situation" studies d. Baumrind's work on parent styles

b. Harlow's work with monkey

This bushy, branching extension of a neuron receives messages and conducts impulses toward the cell body. a. axon b. myelin sheath c. dendrite d. terminal braches

c. dendrite

Sequential processing is to parallel processing as _____ is to _____. a. unconscious; conscious b. complex tasks; simple tasks c. many stimuli; one stimulus d. familiar tasks; novel tasks

complex tasks; simple tasks

Mr. Brown has gathered evidence that students' self-esteem is negatively correlated with their typical levels of anxiety. Before he uses this evidence to conclude that self-esteem reduces anxiety, Mr. Brown should be reminded that:

correlation does not prove causation

In 2016, _____ percent of adults aged 25 to 35 were living in their parents' home, a proportion that is _____ that in 1981. a. 15; triple b. 10; double c. 10; triple d. 15; double

d. 15; double

The ______ psychologists were fond of saying that in perception, the whole may exceed the sum of its parts. a. evolutionary b. humanistic c. psychodynamic d. Gestalt

d. Gestalt

In part, the trademark impulsivity of adolescence reflects that brain development proceeds more slowly in the brain's _____ than in its _____. a. brainstem; limbic system b. limbic system; frontal lobe c. brainstem; frontal lobe d. frontal lobe; limbic system

d. frontal lobe; limbic system

In the annual Blue versus Red football game, Justin initially bet against the Blue Team, who eventually won. After the game, he claimed he knew Blue would be the winners. Justin's claim illustrates: a. overconfidence b. critical thinking c. perceiving order in random events d. hindsight bias

d. hindsight bias

In Western cultures, the duration of adolescence is: a. decreasing greatly b. decreasingly slightly c. holding steady d. increasing

d. increasing

"Cramming" for tests is an example of:

massed practice

In Erikson's theory, early adulthood is to intimacy as _____ is to _____.

middle age; generativity

Jarrell thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrell demonstrates a(n) _____ level of moral reasoning.

preconventional

Carol decides to send out a survey to see what her co-workers think of the new dress policy. If she chooses a sample of the population that gives each person an equal chance of participating, this would be a(n) _____ sample.

random

_____ disparity is an example of a binocular cue to depth perception.

retinal

_____ processing occurs when just one aspect of a stimulus is processed at a time

sequential

Psychologist George Stratton conducted a famous experiment on perceptual adaptation in which he:

wore a pair of glasses that inverted his vision for eight days.

Among a sample of middle-aged men enrolled in a weight-loss program, Dr. Phelps found a strong direct correlation between hours spent exercising each week and number of pounds lost over a 6-month period. Which correlation coefficient did Dr. Phelps MOST likely find? a. +0.20 b. +0.02 c. +0.75 d. -0.65

+0.75

The correlation coefficient ranges from _____ to _____.

-1 to 1

Allan is 35. Beryl is 50. Callie is 63. Which of these individuals is middle-aged?

Beryl and Callie are middle-aged, whereas Allan is not.

Leanne is 5 months old. Chastity is 8 months old. Dominique is 11 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of stranger anxiety? a. Leanne b. Chastity c. the degree of separation anxiety should be approximately equal among all three infants d. Dominique

Chastity

It is at the end of the _____ stage of sleep that children may wet the bed.

NREM-3

Your roommate fell asleep about 25 minutes ago. Now you need to wake him so that you both can get to a party on time. He is sleeptalking about his girlfriend's cat. When you begin laughing, he wakes up. He was MOST likely in _____ sleep.

NREM-3

A research study indicated that the more work-related stress one feels, the less satisfied one feels about their marriage. This finding illustrates:

a negative correlation between work-related stress and marital happiness.

The BEST example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter is: a. GABA b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. glutamate

a. GABA

The field of cognitive development is greatly indebted to the seminal work of the Swiss scholar: a. Piaget b. Vygotsky c. Pavlov d. Freud

a. Piaget

In an unprecedented convergence of several "folds" in the space-time continuum, Sigmund Freud, John Watson, and B. F. Skinner appear simultaneously at the 2016 convention of the Association for Psychological Science in Chicago, Illinois. Which psychologist would be MOST gratified by the field's current acceptance of unconscious processes? a. Sigmund Freud b. both Watson and Skinner would be gratified by the field's current acceptance of unconscious processes c. John Watson d. B. F. Skinner

a. Sigmund Freud

Which example BEST illustrates hindsight bias? a. You just found out that the homecoming queen and captain of the football team from your high school are splitting up. You think back to the last time you saw them together and have the feeling that you could have predicted their breakup b. You believe that previously infertile couples will become pregnant after adopting a child c. You predicted you would earn 80 percent on your test, but you only earned 70 percent. d. You meet a person on the street and feel an instant attraction. Later on, you tell a friend about the encounter and state that you just met the person you will marry.

a. You just found out that the homecoming queen and captain of the football team from your high school are splitting up. You think back to the last time you saw them together and have the feeling that you could have predicted their breakup

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped containers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child suddenly judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one container is inverted. The child apparently lacks a: a. concept of conservation b. secure attachment c. sense fo object permanence d. capacity for habituation

a. concept of conservation

Mary often challenges herself to be aware of preconceptions and assumptions and to engage in reflective thinking. Her friends sometimes accurately refer to her as a(n) ______ thinker. a. critical b. intuitive c. reasoned d. biased

a. critical

According to Erikson, adults experience a sense of ______ when their activities contribute positively to society. a. generativity b. initiative c. identity d. integrity

a. generativity

_____ bias is also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon. a. hindsight b. predictive c. overconfidence d. operational

a. hindsight

The results of Joachim's research showed that experimental Drug R had a minimal effect in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). He decided that his original hypothesis that 200 milligrams of Drug R will reduce GAD symptoms by 25 percent needed to be revised by increasing the drug dosage to 300 milligrams. This increase in Drug R is a manipulation of the: a. independent variable b. dependent variable c. experimental method d. control condition

a. independent variable

Which statement is TRUE with respect to the relationship between psychological experimentation and the real world? a. overall, experimental results generalize fairly well to the real world b. psychologists do their best to re-create the real world in the laboratory c. experimental results ultimately say little about the real world d. experimental psychologists are mostly interested in relatively simple behaviors and situations

a. overall, experimental results generalize fairly well to the real world

_____ refers to the simultaneous analysis of many aspects of a stimulu a. parallel processing b. priming c. synchronous processing d. opponent processing

a. parallel processing

A brain tumor has slowly robbed Mr. Schneider of his ability to recognize objects by touch. The tumor is probably centered in his _____ lobe. a. parietal b. occipital c. frontal d. temporal

a. parietal

When Sanjay recognizes line segments and areas of light and dark as his friend's face at an airport gate, he is demonstrating: a. perception b. adaptation c. sensation d. priming

a. perception

In the 1980s, research began questioning whether psychology's findings could be applied to people in non-Western societies. This research reflects the _____ perspective in contemporary psychology. a. social-cultural b. psychodynamic c. neuroscience d. cognitive

a. social-cultural

A _____ is part of a(n) _____. a. terminal branch; axon b. cell body; dendrite c. cell body; axon d. terminal branch; dendrite

a. terminal branch; axon

A large pharmaceutical company has a new medication that targets specific neurotransmitters known to be involved in anxiety. Which statement would be a possible hypothesis for this study? a. the new medication will decrease anxiety in those with anxiety disorders b. participants will take the medication for two months, and their anxiety symptoms will be assessed for possible change c. one survey will assess initial anxiety levels, and another one will assess anxiety levels after taking the medication d. one hundred participants will be recruited, half in the experimental group and half in the control group

a. the new medication will decrease anxiety in those with anxiety disorders

Which phrase BEST expresses the proportion of animal researchers who support the government regulation of the treatment of the nonhuman primates, dogs, and cats used in research?

almost all

In his research on the limbic system, Dr. Harrington electrically stimulates the _____ of cats and then measures their rage and fear reactions.

amydgala

In an experiment, the process of random _____ ensures that each participant has an equal chance of being in either the control group or the experimental group.

assignment

In ______, a strong magnet is used to produce scans that allow scientists to distinguish among different types of soft tissue in the brain. a. EEG b. MRI c. single-cell recording d. PET

b. MRI

If a study were to show the correlation of −0.70 between children's physical height and popularity among their peers, then it would indicate that: a. children's height causes lower levels of popularity b. among children, being short is associated with greater popularity c. there is no significant relationship between children's height and their popularity d. higher levels of popularity among peers are associated with greater physical height in children

b. among children, being short is associated with greater popularity

Which term is MOST synonymous with consciousness as psychologists define it? a. wakefulness b. awareness c. intelligence d. understanding

b. awareness

The feedback system involving the intimate connection of the nervous and endocrine systems begins with the _____ and ends with the _____. a. body; body and brain b. brain; body and brain c. brain; body d. body; brain

b. brain; body and brain

When Leanne read experimental evidence indicating that orange juice consumption triggers hyperactivity in children, she questioned whether the tested children had been randomly assigned to experimental conditions. Leanne's reaction BEST illustrates _____ thinking. a. reasoned b. critical c. intuitive d. skeptical

b. critical

The purpose of random assignment is to: a. determine whether two variable are related b. ensure that participant characteristics are equivalent across the experimental and control groups c. ensure that sample results generalize to the population d. determine whether the results of a study are reliable

b. ensure that participant characteristics are equivalent across the experimental and control groups

Children start to gain control over their attention beginning in preschool. This control is related to a growth spurt in which lobe? a. parietal b. frontal c. temporal d. occipital

b. frontal

Higher-level thinking is primarily the responsibility of the _____ lobes. a. parietal b. frontal c. temporal d. occipital

b. frontal

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the CIA and FBI should have foreseen the likelihood of the terror attacks. This belief MOST clearly illustrates: a. dual processing b. hindsight bias c. overconfidence d. critical thinking

b. hindsight bias

You wake up early in the morning, and your room is fairly dark. You look over and see your shirt hanging on a hook. You know it's your red shirt because you hung it up there before you went to bed, but in the dark, you can't see its color. It looks dark gray to you. Why is that? a. your pupils do not dilate in the darkness b. in the dim light, the cones in your eyes are ineffectual c. our optic chias does not function well in darkness d. in the didm light, the rods in your eyes are ineffectual

b. in the dim light, the cones in your eyes are ineffectual

DeAndre is recording instances of physical aggression among children in a schoolyard at recess. He is undertaking: a. an experiment b. naturalistic observation c. a survey d. a case study

b. naturalistic observation

Bundles of neurons carrying information to and from the central nervous system are called: a. glia b. nerves c. neural networks d. interneurons

b. nerves

Monte was born with cataracts. He had surgery when he was 30 years old, which restored his sight. After his surgery, he could: a. not sense colors, not could he distinguish between figure and ground b. not recognize objects by sight that were familiar to him by touch c. sense colors, but he could not distinguish between figure and ground d. recognize objects by sight that were familiar to him by touch

b. not recognize objects by sight that were familiar to him by touch

Ralph was involved in a bar fight and sustained a blow to the back of the head from a beer bottle. He was dazed and could not see for about two minutes. Which lobe was affected? a. temporal b. occipital c. parietal d. frontal

b. occipital

This structure in the endocrine system releases hormones that help regulate the level of sugar in the blood. a. pituitary gland b. pancreas c. hypothalamus d. the thyroid gland

b. pancreas

The monocular cues for depth perception do NOT include: a. linear perspective b. retinal disparity c. relative height d. light and shadow

b. retinal disparity

The process of _____ occurs when the sending neuron normally absorbs excess neurotransmitter molecules. a. excitation b. reuptake c. preuptake d. inhibition

b. reuptake

If a visual image is first presented subliminally, the chance of a person later recognizing the same briefly presented image is improved. This BEST illustrates: a. that the process of accommodation takes place over a period of time b. that information can be processed outside of conscious awareness c. the difference between absolute and difference threshold d. the pervasive impact of sensory interaction

b. that information can be processed outside of conscious awareness

Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be unrepresentative of what is generally true? a. naturalistic observation b. the case study c. experimentation d. the survey

b. the case study

With respect to parenting style, negligent is to ______ as ______ is to unrestraining. a. coercive; permissive b. uninvolved; permissive c. uninvolved; authoritarian d. coercive; authoritarian

b. uninvolved; permissive

A(n) _____ approach provides an integrated explanation of human behavior by incorporating biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

biopsychosocial

A team of clinical researchers finds that the severity of depressive symptoms 6 months after head injury is unrelated to the duration of loss of consciousness at the time of the injury. Which correlation coefficient did the team MOST likely find? a. +0.30 b. +0.75 c. +0.01 d. -0.67

c. +0.01

Case studies are intensive, detailed studies of a small individual or group, whereas experiments involve assigning participants randomly to simplified laboratory conditions. Based on the textbook's discussion, which answer BEST expresses why psychologists use both case studies and experiments to study behavior? a. Psychologists use both case studies and experiments because they are usually most interested in very specific behaviors. b. Psychologists use case studies because they are interested in general principles of behavior and use experiments because they are interested in very specific behaviors. c. Psychologists use both case studies and experiments because they are ultimately interested in general principles of behavior. d. Psychologists use case studies because they are interested in very specific behaviors and use experiments because they are interested in general principles of behavior.

c. Psychologists use both case studies and experiments because they are ultimately interested in general principles of behavior.

The word cerebellum means "little brain." Where in the brain is the cerebellum located in relation to the brainstem? a. beneath it b. in front of it c. behind it d. above it

c. behind it

Sensory analysis starts at the receptors and works to integrate the sensory information in the brain. This process is called _____ processing. a. adaptive b. top-down c. bottom-up d. subliminal

c. bottom-up

Five-year-old twins Keith and Kevin each have 4 ounces of juice in their glasses. Keith's glass is tall and narrow, whereas Kevin's is shorter and wider. Kevin complains that Keith has more juice, revealing his lack of: a. egocentrism b. assimilation c. conservation d. object permanence

c. conservation

Even though all of her friends tried marijuana and cocaine in the 1980s, Monica refused to experiment with drugs because it is against the law. Based on Kohlberg's theory, Monica's reasons for refusing drugs reflect _____ moral reasoning. a. formal b. postconventional c. conventional d. preconventional

c. conventional

In an experiment that examines the effect of sleep deprivation on mental alertness, mental alertness is the: a. experimental condition b. independent variable c. dependent variable d. control condition

c. dependent variable

In a study of 126,000 news stories tweeted by 3 million people, Vosoughi et al. (2018) found that as compared to truths, falsehoods spread: a. faster but no more extensively b. more slowly c. faster and more extensively d. at about the same speed

c. faster and more extensively

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is MOST directly involved in speaking? a. occipital b. parietal c. frontal d. temporal

c. frontal

Active neurons require _____ the way a car requires fuel. a. electricity b. hormones c. glucose d. oxygen

c. glucose

Denise wears an extremely bright yellow safety sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____ of the light it reflects. a. short wavelength b. long wavelength c. high amplitude d. low amplitude

c. high amplitude

Carrie's boss tells her some disturbing news, but a phone call from her spouse distracts her. After she gets off the phone, Carrie has a lingering feeling that something is not quite right, but she cannot pinpoint what it is. It is likely that Carrie is reacting to the continued effect of: a. serotonin b. neurotransmitter c. hormones d. action potential

c. hormones

The leader of a self-help group has asked Patty to recommend an approach to psychology that emphasizes personal growth and people's need for love and acceptance. Which approach would Patty MOST likely recommend for this group? a. cognitive psychology b. behaviorism c. humanistic psychology d. psychoanalytic psychology

c. humanistic psychology

Which choice correctly pairs a parenting style with a potential developmental outcome? a. authoritarian, aggressive, immature children b. permissive, children with low self-esteem and poor social skills c. negligent, poor academic and social outcome d. authoritarian, poor academic achievement

c. negligent, poor academic and social outcomes

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to: a. a decrease in myelin sheaths b. an increase in dopamine pathways c. neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes d. increased neurotransmitters available in her synaptic gaps

c. neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes

In recent years, psychologists have identified potential differences in the brain anatomy of gay men and their straight counterparts. This finding supports the _____ perspective in psychology. a. psychodynamic b. social-cultural c. neuroscience d. cognitive

c. neuroscience

Sabrina stated there was a _____ correlation between food intake and weight because the scores tended to rise and fall together. a. strong b. weak c. positive d. negative

c. positive

Harry Harlow and his colleagues completed a number of studies in which baby macaque monkeys were raised with two artificial surrogate mothers. One of the mothers was made of wire, and the other was made of soft cloth. Either mother could provide food. Harlow was interested in which of the mothers the infant monkeys would seek out when they were startled or frightened. In these studies, the dependent variable was the: a. length of time the infant monkey spent exploring the cage b. age of the infant monkey at the time of the test c. surrogate the infant monkey preferred when it was startled d. material from which the surrogate was made

c. surrogate the infant monkey preferred when it was startled

Which statement is true? a. sensation and perception are two distinct processes with little or no overlap b. perception involves the detection of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory data c. there is no clear boundary between the processes of sensation and perception as we experience them d. because sensation and perception involve separate and distinct brain areas, most researchers can focus exclusively on one or the other for research purposes

c. there is no clear boundary between the processes of sensation and perception as we experience them

Betty's metabolism has been irregular. There is MOST likely an abnormality with her _____ gland. a. hypothalamic b. adrenal c. thyroid d. parathyroid

c. thyroid

Experimental research is to correlational research as _____ is to ____

cause; association

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kylie has difficulty walking in a smooth, coordinated manner. It is likely that she has suffered damage to her _____.

cerebellum

In an industrial psychology experiment, one group of participants is exposed to confinement while another group is not. All participants then perform a manual dexterity task, and their performance is examined. What is the independent variable?

confinement

Two sealed, pyramid-shaped containers contain what are clearly identical amounts of a liquid. However, a child suddenly judges them as holding different amounts of liquid after one container is inverted. The child apparently lacks a concept of _____.

conservation

Ren is 13 years old and is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

conventional

If two traits vary together, then the two traits are said to: a. be operationally defined b. be biased c. replicate d. correlate

correlate

When one is conscious, one is: a. capable of higher-level thinking b. aware and alert c. able to respond to environmental stimuli d. aware of oneself and the environment

d. aware of oneself and the environment

Maturation refers mainly to _____ development. a. social b. emotional c. cognitive d. biological

d. biological

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth, coordinated manner. It is likely that she has suffered damage to her: a. amygdala b. corpus callosum c. hippocampus d. cerebellum

d. cerebellum

Mr. Lopez is prescribed oxycodone to manage chronic lower back pain. Oxycodone is called an opioid because its action resembles that of the neurotransmitter _____, the brain's natural painkiller. a. glutamate b. dopamine c. serotonin d. endorphins

d. endorphins

Dr. Destri argues that sleep functions to conserve energy during periods in which hunting and gathering would be dangerous or unproductive. Dr. Destri's views reflect the _____ perspective in psychology. a. psychodynamic b. behavioral c. cognitive d. evolutionary

d. evolutionary

Understanding how a fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is probably of MOST interest to psychologists reflecting the _____ perspective. a. behavioral b. psychodynamic c. cognitive d. evolutionary

d. evolutionary

A noted politician miraculously survived a gunshot to the head. Following his recovery, however, his personality was radically altered, and his planning and decision-making skills were impaired. The injury apparently damaged the politician's _____ lobe. a. occipital b. parietal c. temporal d. frontal

d. frontal

After being startled awake in the middle of the night, it turns out that the noise a woman heard was the closet rod breaking from the weight of her winter coats. Knowing that, she begins to calm down and her heart stops racing. Her _____ has/have helped her to calm down. a. sympathetic nervous system b. adrenal glands c. central nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system

d. parasympathetic nervous system

Walter and Joanna have been trying to have a baby for over a year. Walter's Aunt Rae tells them not to worry because a friend of her neighbor's daughter had the same problem and then had two children in rapid succession. Walter and Joanna are more inclined to see a specialist rather than rely on Aunt Rae's advice because it reflects: a. overconfidence b. hindsight bias c. the placebo effect d. perceiving order in random events

d. perceiving order in random events

Once John learned of Sara's past history of being an abuse victim, he began to perceive her cautious behavior around men as more self-protective rather than rude. This BEST illustrates the impact of: a. transduction b. Weber's law c. subliminal sensation d. perceptual sets

d. perceptual sets

Marius believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality. a. conforming b. unconventional c. precoventional d. postconventional

d. postconventional

Anatoli and Andrei are 11-month-old identical twins. Anatoli took his first steps yesterday. How soon will Andrei take his first steps? a. probably within 4 months; nearly 75 percent of all babies in the United States are waking by 15 months b. probability within a month; nearly 90 percent of all babies in the United States are walking within a week after their first birthday c. it cannot be predicted; readiness to learn to walk is not influenced by genes d. probably within a day; identical twins generally begin walking on nearly the same day

d. probably within a day; identical twins generally begin walking on nearly the same day

One thinking error that many people make is to assume that a strong correlation _____. However, this is NOT true regardless of the strength of the relationship between two variables. a. suggests a bias in sampling b. is rarely positive c. is rarely negative d. proves causation

d. proves causation

Noreen asserts that our behavior often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts. This viewpoint is MOST consistent with the _____ approach in psychology. a. behaviorist b. humanistic c. cognitive d. psychoanalytic

d. psychoanalytic

An infant with _____ attachment is disturbed at his mother's departure in the strange situation but is easily soothed upon her return. a. avoidant b. difficult c. anxious d. secure

d. secure

The minute Beth walks into her mother-in-law's house to visit, she is struck by the strong smell of her mother-in-law's perfume. However, after about 10 minutes, Beth no longer notices the smell. This is probably the result of: a. Weber's law b. subliminal sensation c. perceptual set d. sensory adaptation

d. sensory adaptation

The culturally preferred timing of life events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement is known as the _____ clock. a. biological b. cultural c. psuchological d. social

d. social

Memory expert Eric Kandel claims that _____ of what the mind does is unconscious. a. about half b. very little c. none d. the great majority

d. the great majority

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between the humanistic approach and the psychoanalytic approach? a. the humanistic approach accepted the psychoanalytic view b. the humanistic approach preceded the psychoanalytic view c. the humanistic approach supplanted the psychoanalytic view d. the humanistic approach challenged the psychoanalytic view

d. the humanistic approach challenged the psychoanalytic view

In a study of white-collar workers, Velma found that there was a positive correlation between self-reported alcohol and drug use and sick days taken. A graph of her results would show a:

diagonal line from the bottom left to the top right

The _____ is a method in which neither the research participants nor the researchers know which participants are getting the treatment and which are getting a placebo.

double blind procedure

_____ is/are a type of neurotransmitter produced by the brain that has similar properties to morphine.

endorphins

In science, the clearest way to isolate cause and effect is to conduct a(n): a. experiment b. survey c. correlational study d. case study

experiment

Cause-effect hypotheses may be tested in: a. surveys b. correlational research c. case studies d. experiments

experiments

Elements of the scientific attitude do NOT include:

generosity

Snakes can detect infrared waves radiated by the bodies of their prey. As compared to humans, snakes can see _____ waves.

higher-wavelength

In a playoff game between the State City Champions and the Anytown Victors, Sara initially bet against the State City Champions, who eventually won. After the game, she claimed she knew the Champions would be the winners. This is an example of a flaw in thinking called the _____ bias.

hindsight

Watson is to behaviorism as Rogers is to _____ psychology.

humanistic

This variable is the experimental factor that is manipulated.

independent

Jenny has a job, a cat named Joker, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right" partner. She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called:

intimacy versus isolation

A researcher would MOST likely find a(n) _____ correlation between scores on a measure of impulsivity and scores on a measure of self-control. a. inverse b. positive c. direct d. near-zero

inverse

A weakness of the experimental method is that:

it may not be ethical to manipulate some variables.

Relative height, motion, size, and linear perspective are examples of _____ cues to depth perception.

monocular

_____ observation is a type of descriptive research method in which a researcher records behavior without trying to manipulate and control the situation.

naturalistic

Physical exercise in adulthood encourages the birth of new neurons in areas responsible for learning and memory. MOST specifically, therefore, exercise facilitates _____ in the _____. a. plasticity; amygdala b. plasticity; hippocampus c. neurogenesis; hippocampus d. neurogenesis; amygdala

neurogenesis; hippocampus

Carmen is driving at night in an unfamiliar city. Because the neighborhood looks dangerous, Carmen feels extremely alert. The neurotransmitter _____ is helping her cope with the stressful situation.

norepinephrine

The term consciousness refers to:

one's awareness of oneself and the environment.

Dr. Adams is conducting a study about the relationship between short stature and shyness. Dr. Adams defines "short stature" as being 2 or more inches below the average height for an adult of one's gender. Dr. Adams' description of shortness is an example of a(n) _____ definition.

operational

Robert is having trouble regulating the level of sugar in his blood. He is diagnosed with Type II diabetes. There is MOST likely an abnormality with his _____.

pancreas

Whereas _____ processing is the brain's "default," _____ processing takes over when the task is complex or unfamiliar.

parallel; sequential

The _____ effect means that experimental results are caused by expectations alone.

placebo

Under the surface of awareness, the brain is constantly changing, building new pathways as it adjusts to experience. This is called:

plasticity

A _____ correlation indicates that two sets of scores tend to rise or fall together—for example, height and weight. A(n) _____ correlation indicates that two sets of scores have an inverse relationship: As one set goes up, the other goes down—for example, time spent brushing teeth and tooth decay.

positive; negative

With respect to correlations, direct is to inverse as _____ is to _____.

positive; negative

Also known as test-enhanced learning, the _____ effect results in enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply rereading information.

retrieval practice

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus to the exclusion of others is called _____ attention.

selective

Jane is watching her favorite television program and sees a commercial for a new medication. It states that the medication can alleviate depression. "Since depression is a chemical imbalance, new Venlafaxine extended release can help with mood, sleep, arousal, and alertness by working on the two key neurotransmitters involved in depression." These two neurotransmitters are: a. serotonin and norepinephrine b. ACh and GABA c. serotonin and ACh d. serotonin and GABA

serotonin and norepinephrine.

According to the textbook, bees can see ultraviolet radiation. As compared to humans, bees can see ____ wavelengths.

shorter