Psych 10 All Quizzes Review

If a student was accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Edward Titchener. It is likely that the student would have been trained to_______________. Select one: a. condition his participants to fear certain types of stimuli b. determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior. c. listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness. d. analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements. e. carefully feel the bumps on a person's head in order to determine his or her character traits.

d. analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements.

Imagine that you're conducting a study on visual perception in infants. First, you show an infant a picture of a blue square. Then, you present the infant with two pictures- one picture of a blue square and one picture of a green circle. If you find that the infant looks longer at the blue square, we would say that the infant is showing a _________ preference, whereas if you find that the infant looks longer at the green circle, we would say that the infant has been ____________ to the blue square. Select one: a. familiarity; familiarized b. novelty; habituated c. novelty; familiarized d. familiarity; habituated

d. familiarity; habituated

Han is 18 months old. When she sees a cow, she says "dog" and then says "woof." Her mother teaches her that while this is also an animal with 4 legs and fur, it is not a dog, but instead it is a cow that says "moo." According to Piaget, since Han cannot easily fit this new information into her existing dog ______, she must go through the process of ______. Select one: a. reflex; accommodation b. reflex; assimilation c. schema; assimilation d. schema; accommodation

d. schema; accommodation

Brenda took a hearing test. Many of the sounds presented over her headphones were so quiet that Brenda could only detect them 15% of the time. These sounds were below Brenda's: Select one: a. absolute threshold b. attentional threshold c. difference threshold d. subliminal threshold

a. absolute threshold

In the Impression Formation Task we did in class, why are people more likely to associate group B with negative behaviors? Select one: a. because of the joint occurrence of two distinctive events (minority group and negative behavior). b. because we have been conditioned to view minority groups more negatively. c. because of the negative stereotypes associated with group B. d. because the ratio of negative to positive behaviors was higher for group B.

a. because of the joint occurrence of two distinctive events (minority group and negative behavior).

As the result of a skiing accident, Jackie experienced a traumatic brain injury. After the accident, her family noticed that she had difficulty with planning and decision making. Given these symptoms, what area of the brain do you think might have been impacted by the accident? Select one: a. frontal lobe b. temporal lobe c. occipital lobe d. parietal lobe

a. frontal lobe

Behaviorists would have been skeptical of research results obtained from _____________, a methodology used primarily by _____________. Select one: a. introspection; Structuralists b. observation; Structuralists c. introspection; Functionalists d. observation; Functionalists

a. introspection; Structuralists

Cathy was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain resulting in paralysis (the inability to move) of her right arm and leg. What part of Cathy's brain was most likely injured? Select one: a. left primary motor cortex b. right somatosensory cortex c. right primary motor cortex d. left somatosensory cortex

a. left primary motor cortex

As part of an experiment, Feng is seated in front of a blank computer screen. On each trial, an object appears and the task is to name the object as rapidly as possible. The object is either presented alone or within a scene. For example, a chalkboard may be presented alone or in a classroom scene. Feng is significantly faster at naming the object when it is presented in a scene. This result of faster reaction times is evidence for: Select one: a. top-down processing in visual perception. b. bottom-up processing in visual perception. c. inattentional blindness. d. selective attention.

a. top-down processing in visual perception.

After you finish baking and eating an elaborate cake, you call your friend to brag. You tell her about all of the intricate decorations you included on the top of the cake, the tart, the sweet taste of the lemon filling, and the compliments your family gave you. What type of memories are you retrieving? Select one: a. Procedural b. Episodic c. Semantic d. Implicit

b. Episodic

Jason was one of the participants in the original marshmallow studies run at Stanford. When he was 4-years-old, he was presented with a marshmallow and told that if he waited he would get two. Jason waited 10 seconds before he took a bite of the marshmallow. Which of the following statements are most likely to be true about Jason. Select one: a. He is one in about 1/3rd of children who ate the marshmallow. b. He is more likely to score lower on the SAT as an adult. c. He will have no issues with self control later in life. d. A & B

b. He is more likely to score lower on the SAT as an adult.

____________ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will generate an action potential, whereas _____________ neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will do so. Select one: a. Excitatory; inhibitory b. Inhibitory; excitatory c. Agonist; antagonist d. Antagonist; agonist e. B & C

b. Inhibitory; excitatory

While sitting at their kitchen table Aisha's mom realizes that she has gotten a hold of one of her older brother's Lego pieces. Her mom quickly snatches the Lego piece out of her hand and hides it under the tablecloth. Aisha cries briefly (because she really wanted the Lego piece), but she quickly forgets about it and moves on to playing with something else. According to Piaget, Aisha doesn't search for the toy because __________________. Select one: a. she is making a conservation error. b. she has been punished for playing with Lego before. c. she understands that the Lego is there, but is not interested enough to move the tablecloth d. she has not yet developed object permanence.

d. she has not yet developed object permanence.

The __________ are the structures at the far end of the axon that send chemical messengers to other cells. The ____________ are the small branches radiating from a neuron, which receive messages from other cells. Select one: a. dendrites; terminal buttons b. dendrites; receptors c. cell body; dendrites d. terminal buttons; dendrites

d. terminal buttons; dendrites

The purpose of operational definitions in science is to____________________ Select one: a. keep participants from knowing which treatment group they are in. b. increase ecological validity. c. carefully define terms and variables so they can be objectively studied. d. make sure you can control for other factors that might influence your results.

c. carefully define terms and variables so they can be objectively studied.

Colton is continually amazed by how quickly his child is learning to speak. He remarks to a friend that, "I'm pretty sure my child knows words that we've never even said to him! I really think babies are just programmed to learn language." The _________ perspective of language development best aligns with Colton's perspective. Select one: a. Whorfian b. babbling c. nativist d. behaviorist

c. nativist

Brandy is a contestant on a game show. When she is asked whether more people die every year from "shark attacks" or from "falling out of bed". Brandy guesses that the answer must be "shark attacks", because it comes most quickly to mind. This is an example of: Select one: a. framing effects b. the false statistic effect c. the availability heuristic d. confirmation bias

c. the availability heuristic

Zyanya is selling her used car on the Facebook Marketplace. She lists the price of the car as "Best offer", but in her description of the car she writes, "This car is in great condition and is valued at over $7,000". She knows that her car is probably only worth about $5,000 given the year it was made and the mileage. Zyanya is taking advantage of ______________ to try to get more money for her car. Select one: a. rational decision making b. sunk cost fallacy c. The paradox of choice d. the anchoring effect e. confirmation bias

d. the anchoring effect

Ringo has had a lot of trouble with his car over the past year. He has paid to fix the engine, the brakes, and the transmission. At this point, he's spent more to fix the car than the car is even worth. He is reluctant to give up on his car and buy a new one because he feels he has spent so much money repairing it. This decision can be attributed to _____________. Select one: a. persistant bias b. availability bias c. anchoring d. the sunk-cost fallacy

d. the sunk-cost fallacy

Notable patients KC and HM both had forms of ____________ amnesia. Their experiences differed, however, as KC also showed an inability to remember _____________ events that happened in the past. Select one: a. anterograde; procedural b. retrograde; semantic c. anterograde; semantic d. retrograde; episodic and semantic e. anterograde; episodic

e. anterograde; episodic

Tyler surveyed 50 undergraduate students and found that the students who ate more servings of leafy greens per day also reported getting sick for fewer days during the past month. What is the best conclusion to draw from this study? Select one: a. Eating more greens causes students to get sick less often. b. Being sick less often makes students want to eat more greens. c. An overall focus on healthy living causes students to both eat healthier and get sick less. d. Eating greens and days being sick are negatively correlated in this sample. e. All of these conclusions are equally valid based on this study.

d. Eating greens and days being sick are negatively correlated in this sample.

A professor is interested in increasing the amount that parents read to their children. She randomly assigns parents to one of two conditions. Half of the parents watch a 1-hour video on the importance of reading to their child. The other half watch a video about parenting that does not talk about reading and its importance. Which research method did this professor use? Select one: a. The correlational method b. Naturalistic observation c. Case study d. Experimentation

d. Experimentation

Professor Linda was interested in establishing whether students who took their quiz with a red crayon would do better than students who took their quiz with whatever pen they happened to bring to class that day. She had 30 red crayons and handed them out to the first 30 students who arrived to class. The 30 remaining students who arrived to class after that completed the quiz with their own pens. This process would most clearly violate the principle of: Select one: a. Variability b. Correlational research c. Generalization d. Random assignment

d. Random assignment

Dr. Lorna wants to know how to help people do well on spelling tests. She randomly assigns participants to either practice their words for one hour on a learning website or practice their words for one hour with a friend. After participants completed their assigned conditions, they returned to the lab three days later to take a final spelling test. What is the dependent variable? Select one: a. The delay between study and test b. The assigned study technique c. The control group d. The final spelling test e. The spelling test all participants took before signing up for the experiment to see whether they had prior knowledge about the words

d. The final spelling test

What was the independent variable in the Bobo doll experiment we discussed in class? Select one: a. The amount of time that passed before the child became aggressive b. How aggressive the child was in everyday life (prior to visiting the lab) c. There was no dependent variable, it was a correlational design d. Whether the child watched an aggressive or unaggressive model e. The number of times the child hit, punched and was verbally aggressive towards the doll

d. Whether the child watched an aggressive or unaggressive model

One day 6-month-old Serafina was sitting on the floor playing with some toy blocks and she says, "da-da-da-da-da". Her dad overhears this and exclaims, "I think Serafina just said her first word, she said Dada!". Which of the following statements are likely true. Select one: a. It is very unlikely "Dada" is Serafina's first word, Serafina's is probably already saying between 2-10 words at this age. b. It is unlikely that "Dada" is Serafina's first word, Serafina's was just babbling, first words usually don't appear until closer to the child's first birthday c. It is very likely that "Dada" is Serafina's first word, first words often appear between 6- and 7-months. d. It is unlikely that "Dada" was Serafina's first word, she is just cooing, first words do not appear until 10-months.

b. It is unlikely that "Dada" is Serafina's first word, Serafina's was just babbling, first words usually don't appear until closer to the child's first birthday

Which of the following is true regarding phrenology? Select one: a. It examines the relationship between traumatic brain injuries and loss of function in those areas. b. It was an early approach to brain localization c. It was developed by Wilhelm Wundt. d. It was developed in the 1960's. e. None of the above are true

b. It was an early approach to brain localization

Imagine a study where participants first encode a list of words, one at a time. If you were to add a distractor task(counting backwards) after encoding, what is likely to be true of memory for the list as measured by a free recall test? Select one: a. Primacy decreases (only) b. Recency decreases (only) c. Primacy and recency decrease d. Recency increases e. None of the above

b. Recency decreases (only)

Scott used the same password on his work computer for 2 years. When he changed jobs last year, he started using a different computer that had a different password. Now, if you were to ask Scott what his old work password was, he would have trouble remembering what it was, because the current password keeps coming to mind. This is an example of ___________. Select one: a. Retroactive amnesia b. Retroactive interference c. absentmindedness d. Proactive interference

b. Retroactive interference

In one of Renee Baillargeon's experiments, babies saw scenarios where a toy car traveled along a track that had either been 1- previously shown to be clear, or 2- previously shown to be obstructed by Mickey Mouse. Their surprise (as indicated by longer looking times) at seeing the second scenario, an "impossible event", suggests that even young babies have developed a: Select one: a. Theory of mind b. Sense of object permanence c. Secure attachment d. Concept of conservation

b. Sense of object permanence

Jun is a scientist interested in how the brain coordinates motor movements and balance. What area of the brain do you think she would be most interested in investigating? Select one: a. The hippocampus b. The cerebellum c. The amygdala d. The thalamus

b. The cerebellum

A group of witnesses saw a motorcycle get into an accident with a car. If they all saw the same thing, who is likely to give the highest estimate of the motorcycle's speed when testifying in court? Select one: a. Witness #1, who was asked, "How quickly was the motorcycle going when it contacted the car?" b. Witness #2, who was asked, "How quickly was the motorcycle going when it smashed into the car?" c. Witness #3, who was asked, "What speed was the motorcycle going when the accident happened?" d. All three witnesses will give equal estimates of the motorcycle's speed.

b. Witness #2, who was asked, "How quickly was the motorcycle going when it smashed into the car?"

Professor Hernandez teaches developmental psychology at the University of Toronto. For an in-class demonstration, she brings in her two young children and tests them in a version of the Sally-Anne task. Professor Hernandez demonstrates that the Sally Anne task can be used to assess whether children _____________________. Select one: a. understand object permanence. b. have theory of mind. c. can reason logically. d. understand conservation.

b. have theory of mind.

As discussed in class, ___________ is a disease that results in the loss of myelin. Select one: a. Parkinson's disease b. multiple sclerosis c. epilepsy d. aphasia

b. multiple sclerosis

Maya is participating in a psychological experiment for one of the graduate students at her university. She knows she was recruited to participate in the experiment because she is bilingual and the lab is interested in the cognitive benefits of being bilingual. During the experiment, she is asked to complete a variety of cognitive tasks. Maya tries extra hard to do well on the tasks because she wants to show that there are cognitive benefits to bilingualism. A common pitfall in experiments, Maya may be falling prey to ______________. a. deception b. participant demand c. the placebo effect d. experimenter bias e. intentionality

b. participant demand

Huxley and Hodgkin studied the giant axons of squid and discovered that the voltage of a neuron's ______________ is typically around -70 millivolts. Select one: a. action potential b. resting membrane potential c. graded potential d. excitatory membrane potential

b. resting membrane potential

Dr Huang teaches her students that the complete and correctly ordered list of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is _________. Select one: a. concrete; sensorimotor; formal operational b. sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational c. preoperational; sensorimotor; formal operational; concrete operational d. preoperational; operational; concrete operational; formal operational e. preoperational; sensorimotor; concrete operational; formal operational

b. sensorimotor; preoperational; concrete operational; formal operational

Denise's ceiling fan makes a loud humming noise. When she sits down to study for PSYCH10 she initially finds the humming of the fan annoying, however after a few minutes of studying she no longer notices the noise. This phenomena is called ____________. Select one: a. subliminal perception b. sensory adaptation c. absolute threshold d. the just noticeable difference

b. sensory adaptation