PSYCH 10 - Chapter 5

Which of the following statements about deaf culture is false? Deaf individuals believe children should receive a cochlear implant as soon as possible after birth. Deaf individuals primarily communicate through signing. Deaf individuals prefer to teach children to communicate in American Sign Language rather than teaching children to read lips. Deaf individuals communicate using American Sign Language

Deaf individuals believe children should receive a cochlear implant as soon as possible after birth.

What does the place theory of pitch perception suggest?

Different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies.

Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

Gestalt

Which of the following DOES NOT involve motion perception? Speed Direction Vision Hearing

Hearing

What has research shown about processing subliminal messages?

In laboratory settings, people can process and respond to information outside of their awareness.

Two lines appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the ________ illusion.

Müller-Lyer

How does the term Gestalt relate to the psychological study of perception?

Perception involves more than simply combining sensory stimuli; therefore, perception is studied as Gestalt.

Several studies have suggested that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person. What does this imply about perception?

Perceptions our influenced by implicit prejudice and stereotypes.

Which of the following is NOT a monocular cue? Psychological equilibrium Texture gradient Linear perspective Relative size and height

Psychological equilibrium

What is a perceptual set?

Psychological factors that influence how you perceive the environment

Which of the following is false about sensation? We have more than five senses. When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor, sensation has occurred. Sensation refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. We have a sensory system that provides information about balance, called the vestibular sense.

Sensation refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.

Which of the following was demonstrated by the 1998 research of Ayabe-Kanamura, Saito, Distel, Martínez-Gómez, & Hudson? Individuals who hold positive attitudes toward reduced-fat foods are more likely to rate foods labeled as reduced fat as tasting good. The ability to identify an odor, and rate its pleasantness and its intensity, varies cross-culturally. Vision is affected by cultural factors. Children described as thrill seekers are more likely to show taste preferences for intense sour flavors.

The ability to identify an odor, and rate its pleasantness and its intensity, varies cross-culturally.

Which of the following statements about the vestibular sense is false? The vestibular sense is divided into olfaction, gustation, and audition. The vestibular sense helps us maintain a sense of balance. Kinesthesia interacts with information provided by the vestibular system. Proprioception interacts with information provided by the vestibular system.

The vestibular sense is divided into olfaction, gustation, and audition.

What is an accurate definition of the word perception?

The way our brains organize and interpret incoming information

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Neuropathic pain is pain from damage to neurons of either the brain or central nervous system."

The word "brain" should be changed to the word "peripheral."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The frequency theory of pitch perception asserts that frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron."

The word "frequency" should be changed to the word "temporal."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Pain that signals some type of tissue damage is known as neuropathic pain."

The word "neuropathic" should be changed to the word "inflammatory."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The central tenet of Gestalt psychology is that the pattern is different from the sum of its parts."

The word "pattern" should be changed to the word "whole."

Which of the following statements about olfactory receptors is false? They are located in a mucous membrane at the top of the nose. They are bulb-like structures at the tip of the frontal lobe where the olfactory nerves begin. They are cells. They have small, hair-like extensions.

They are bulb-like structures at the tip of the frontal lobe where the olfactory nerves begin.

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses?

They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe.

What has research by Goolkasian & Woodbury (2010) demonstrated about pattern perception?

Those who are given verbal priming produce a biased interpretation of complex ambiguous figures.

Which sense collects the most information?

Vision

Read the following two sentences. (1) Gre eng rass gr ow son themoun tain. (2) Green grass grows on the mountain. How does the principle of proximity explain why the second sentence makes sense immediately, but the first sentence does not?

We group letters of a given word together because there are no spaces between the letters, and we perceive words because there are spaces between each word.

What would happen if our brains did not organize incoming information?

We would not be able to interpret sensory information in a useful way

Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of ________.

Weber's law

What does constancy refer to?

Your brains ability to remember the perceptual makeup of a known object

Which of the following DOES NOT influence perception? Your intelligence level Context Culture Perceptual Sets

Your intelligence level

Suppose you are watching a movie on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words "Drink Cola" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words "Drink Cola" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message "Drink Cola" is an example of ________.

a subliminal message

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.

attention

Akeelah extended her arm in front of her and then extended one of her fingers. She focused on that finger. Next, she closed her left eye without moving her head; then she opened her left eye and closed her right eye without moving her head. She noticed that her finger seemed to shift as she alternated between the two eyes because of the slightly different view each eye had of her finger. What is illustrated by this example?

binocular disparity

Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention.

blindness

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Esther's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on?a raisin-jalapeno quiche. Esther's body responds first: Esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapenos, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says "I'm not hungry."

bottom-up

The visible spectrum refers to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we ________.

can see

Ravon was born deaf, so he is diagnosed with ________ deafness.

congenital

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called?

congenital analgesia

Light waves are transmitted across the ________ and enter the eye through the ________.

cornea; pupil

The amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave as measured from the highest point on the wave________ to the lowest point on the wave ________.

crest; trough

When light levels are low, the pupil will become ________, to allow more light to enter the eye.

dilated

Hertz is a measure of ________.

frequency

________ is another term for the malleus.

hammer

Which of the following exemplifies the sense of audition?

hearing a song on the radio

________-frequency sound waves are perceived as high-pitched sounds, while ________-frequency sound waves are perceived as low-pitched sounds.

high; low

________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.

higher; louder

What is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

What was the original focus of Swets' (1964) signal detection theory?

improving the sensitivity of air traffic controllers to plane blips

What concept is illustrated by the following study? Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it.

inattentional blindness

The ________is also known as the anvil.

incus

Which part of the eye holds eye color?

iris

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?

just noticeable

Felix is riding his bicycle. His ability to sense how his torso is adjusting to the speed of his cycling and how his legs are pumping up and down is called ________.

kinesthesia

Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?

kinesthesia

At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ________ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ________ side of the brain.

left; right

In a normal-sighted individual, the ________ will focus images perfectly on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the ________.

lens; fovea

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________.

longer wavelengths

Longer wavelengths will have ________ frequencies, and shorter wavelengths will have ________ frequencies.

lower; higher

Our vestibular sense contributes to our ability to ________.

maintain balance and body posture

Derek wants to win the student of the year award so badly that when the name of the award winner is announced, he is convinced that he hears his name. He stands up and begins to leave the aisle when his friend grabs his hand. Someone else won the award. This illustrates how ________can affect perception.

motivation

Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has difficulty seeing in dim light. This is called ________.

night blindness

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?

optic

What is the X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain's ventral surface and represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes?

optic chiasm

________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; sensation

________ is a chemical message sent by another individual.

pheromone

What allows Nancy to run without watching her feet and hit a baseball without focusing on the bat?

proprioception

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows-the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory.

signal detection

Congenital deafness refers to deafness ________.

since birth

Which of the following exemplifies olfaction? hearing an airplane fly overhead smelling cookies in the oven feeling the warmth of the sun tasting white chocolate fudge

smelling cookies in the oven

________ is exemplified by stroking the hand of another person.

somatosensation

What is vertigo?

spinning sensation

Which of the following exemplifies gustation? feeling a piece of petrified wood smelling fresh mint in a garden tasting freshly caught salmon hearing a cat purr

tasting freshly caught salmon

What is amplitude?

the height of a wave

Individuals suffering from congenital analgesia have a shorter life span due to ________.

their injuries and secondary infections of injured sites

Due to his sense of ________, Abraham knows he is cold when he is outside during a blizzard, and he knows he is hot after he comes inside and eats soup by the fire.

thermoception

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Shimon offers Mouin some salmon. Mouin thinks, "How nice. My friend is offering me fish. I wonder where he got it." This thought leads Mouin to feel happy, appreciative, and curious; he responds with a smile and an extended hand.

top-down

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

transduction

What is a binaural cue?

two-eared cue to localize sound

Honeybees can see light in the ________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

ultraviolet

In addition to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, what other taste groupings do we possess?

umami and fat content

Vinnie is standing on one leg with his arms in the air. The ________ sense helps keep him balanced so he has less chance of falling over.

vestibular

________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives.

Binocular

Which of the following statements best describes trichromatic theory and opponent-process theory? Research has not supported either theory. Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system. The trichromatic theory is more accurate than the opponent-process theory. The opponent-process theory is more accurate than the trichromatic theory

Both theories are equally accurate, but they apply to different levels of the nervous system.