Psych 100 Ch. 12 & 13

32. In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause. A. panic disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. phobic disorder D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

. panic disorder

95. Gabriella has been diagnosed with depression and is currently under medication. Her doctor has prescribed her selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. According to this information, which of the following side effects will be experienced by Gabriella as a result of taking this medication? A. nausea B. toxicity C. drowsiness D. trembling

A. nausea

10. Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely being treated by a person who adheres to the _____ of psychological disorders. A. medical model B. behavioral model C. psychoanalytic model D. cognitive model

A. medical model

5. Clients of therapists who do not monitor the quality of the therapeutic alliance are A. more likely to drop out of therapy. B. less likely to experience negative outcomes as a result of therapy. C. likely to feel more hopeful about overcoming their disorder. D. likely to feel more respected and supported by the therapist.

A. more likely to drop out of therapy.

13. What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder? A. sociocultural approach B. behavioral approach C. biological approach D. cognitive approach

A. sociocultural approach

64. Which of the following indicates the view of a humanistic therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems? A. They occur as a result of transference between the therapist and the client. B. They occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level. C. They occur as a result of learned inappropriate behaviors. D. They occur as a result of irrational thoughts and beliefs.

B. They occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level.

113. Which of the following forms of treatment relies on paraprofessionals? A. family therapy B. couples therapy C. self-help support groups D. humanistic therapy

C. self-help support groups

66. Carlos intends to help one of his clients who feels that he is a failure and is not capable of achieving anything in life. Which of the following cognitive therapies should be implemented by Carlos in this situation? A. contingency approach B. reflective speech C. self-instructional technique D. free-association technique

C. self-instructional technique

47. Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for A. schizophrenia and panic disorder. B. depression. C. smoking, overeating, and drinking alcohol. D. generalized anxiety disorder.

C. smoking, overeating, and drinking alcohol.

11. When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the _____ to psychological disorders. A. biological approach B. psychological approach C. sociocultural approach D. cognitive approach

C. sociocultural approach

68. A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder. A. anxiety B. mood C. personality D. delusional

B. mood

84. Depressive disorders are _____, whereas bipolar disorder is _____. A. more common among men/equally common in men and women B. more common among women/equally common in men and women C. equally common in men and women/more common among women D. equally common in men and women/more common among men

B. more common among women/equally common in men and women

87. Which of the following is a class of antipsychotic drugs that is administered as a part of drug therapy? A. tricyclics B. neuroleptics C. benzodiazepines D. tetracyclics

B. neuroleptics

51. Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes. He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs. If Alex doesn't wash his hands, he experiences overwhelming anxiety. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with A. autism spectrum disorder. disorder. B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. post-traumatic stress disorder. D. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

B. obsessive-compulsive disorder

116. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is based on which of the following therapeutic approaches? A. family therapy B. self-help group C. rational-emotive therapy D. cognitive-behavioral therapy

B. self-help group

115. John, an alcoholic, does not have much money, but requires the help of a mental-health professional. He might best be served by contacting a A. board-certified psychiatrist. B. self-help support group. C. humanistic therapist. D. counseling psychologist.

B. self-help support group.

93. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment sometimes used for A. dissociative identity disorder. B. severe depression. C. schizophrenia. D. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B. severe depression

63. Which of the following is an important aspect of cognitive-behavior therapy? A. self-efficacy B. insight C. self-awareness D. cultural sensitivity

A. self-efficacy

2. Thirty-year-old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away. He is afraid that he will discard something he will need later, so his home is filled with old junk. Armand's neighbors have complained about this and he feels embarrassed. Which criteria that define abnormality is applicable in this case? A. Armand's behavior deviates from what is acceptable in a culture and is distressing for him. B. Armand's behavior has drawn the attention of other people. C. Armand's behavior suggests that he is schizophrenic. D. Saving junk suggests that Armand is paranoid.

A. Armand's behavior deviates from what is acceptable in a culture and is distressing for him.

91. _____ is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern. A. Bulimia nervosa B. Binge-eating disorder C. Anorexia nervosa D. Schizophrenia

A. Bulimia nervosa

86. _____ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior. A. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder C. Autism spectrum disorder D. Generalized anxiety disorder

A. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

100. Which of the following statements is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)? A. In DID, one identity dominates at one time; another takes over at another time. B. Individuals with DID have two or more ambiguous personalities with overlapping memories and behaviors. C. The majority of individuals who have been sexually abused develop DID. D. The vast majority of individuals with DID are men.

A. In DID, one identity dominates at one time; another takes over at another time.

19. Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis? A. In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish. B. Dreams represent unconscious conflicts which should be excluded while practicing psychodynamic therapy. C. Dreams provide individuals with an outlet to express their conscious wishes and desires. D. In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst asks a person to say aloud whatever comes to mind.

A. In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish.

17. Which of the following is a criticism of DSM-5? A. It classifies individuals on the basis of five dimensions or axes. B. It lays strong emphasis on a person's strengths and weaknesses to destigmatize psychological disorders. C. It strongly focuses on the medical model and neglects factors such as poverty and trauma. D. It does not rely on social norms and subjective judgments.

A. It classifies individuals on the basis of five dimensions or axes.

16. Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is true? A. It is the only diagnostic system. B. It relies on procedural norms and objective judgments. C. It includes new diagnoses such as binge-eating disorder and gambling addiction. D. It was devised by the World Health Organization.

A. It is the only diagnostic system.

19. Mathew is a critic of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Which of the following statements will be agreed upon by Mathew? A. It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses. B. It avoids relying on social norms and subjective judgments. C. It reflects the sociocultural approach, emphasizing factors such as poverty, unemployment, and trauma. D. It focuses on destigmatizing psychological disorders and fails to highlight the problems associated with them.

A. It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses.

73. _____ treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin. A. Tricyclics B. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors C. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) D. Benzodiazepines

A. Tricyclics

107. A schizophrenic patient who falsely believes that he is Jesus Christ is experiencing A. a delusion. B. a hallucination. C. a mirage. D. flat affect.

A. a delusion.

97. Individuals with dissociative disorders have A. a less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala. B. excessive levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate. C. a very small cerebral cortex. D. very few receptors for the neurotransmitter serotonin.

A. a less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala.

89. Jessie, a young American, is obsessed about losing weight. She is paranoid about having calories and often starves herself. Despite being dangerously underweight for her age, Jessie refuses to eat as she is terrified of the possibility of gaining weight. Which of the following disorders best fits the description of Jessie's condition? A. anorexia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa C. schizophrenia D. bipolar disorder

A. anorexia nervosa

70. Tranquilizers are _____ drugs. A. antianxiety B. antidepressant C. antipsychotic D. MAO inhibitor

A. antianxiety

22. Robert's teacher, Martha, has complained about his behavior on several occasions. According to Martha, Robert cannot focus in class and is constantly distracted. She also mentioned that Robert is extremely active and very impulsive by nature. If Robert were to be taken by his teacher to Dr. Miller, a psychiatrist, he is likely to be diagnosed with A. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. B. borderline personality disorder. C. autism spectrum disorder. D. mild neurocognitive impairment.

A. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

48. As part of a smoking-cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in A. aversive conditioning. B. client-centered therapy. C. rational emotive therapy. D. systematic desensitization.

A. aversive conditioning.

7. The _____ approach is evident in the medical model. A. biological B. psychological C. sociocultural D. cognitive

A. biological

82. Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of non-stop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of A. bipolar disorder. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. panic disorder. D. dissociative identity disorder.

A. bipolar disorder.

33. Dr. Laura engages in reflective listening with Bill who suffers from depression. She waits for him to express his feelings and decide what he wants to do about his problems. According to this information, it can be inferred that Dr. Laura is practicing _____ therapy. A. client-centered B. cognitive-behavioral C. classical conditioning D. directive

A. client-centered

28. Dr. Patterson tries to create a warm supportive atmosphere to help her clients improve their self-concepts and to encourage insight into problems. Dr. Patterson says little to her depressed client. Instead, she waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems. This emphasis on encouraging self-reflection indicates that Dr. Patterson is practicing A. client-centered therapy. B. behavior therapy. C. systematic desensitization therapy. D. cognitive therapy.

A. client-centered therapy.

103. A major advantage to group therapy is that A. clients have more opportunity to develop social skills. B. clients can get more undivided attention from the therapist. C. the therapist has less work to do because the clients do most of the work. D. it is better suited to clients with severe problems.

A. clients have more opportunity to develop social skills.

43. Systematic desensitization involves A. exposing someone to a feared situation in a real or an imagined way. B. repeated pairings of an undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior's positive associations. C. a technique in which the therapist mirrors the client's own feelings back to the client. D. using a gradual build-up of self-reflective speech.

A. exposing someone to a feared situation in a real or an imagined way.

12. Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include A. free association, dream interpretation, transference, and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories. B. teaching clients to replace their fears systematically with more relaxed responses. C. systematic desensitization and token economies. D. prescribing strong medication that will reduce the client's anxiety so that the client can learn to relax and gain insight.

A. free association, dream interpretation, transference, and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories.

30. Brad has been in a state of incessant worry for almost half a year now. He has trouble sleeping and breathing. Dr. Simons, a psychiatrist, asks Brad detailed questions about his symptoms and medical history. Brad tells Dr. Simons that he cannot stop worrying and is constantly nervous. Brad also complains of muscular tension and stomach problems. After conducting a quick examination of Brad's symptoms, Dr. Simons discovers that Brad's incessant worry does not have a particular cause, and it has taken a physical toll on Brad's health. Which of the following disorders is Dr. Simons most likely to diagnose Brad with? A. generalized anxiety disorder B. schizophrenia C. bipolar disorder D. obsessive-compulsive disorder

A. generalized anxiety disorder

105. When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there, the individual is likely to be experiencing A. hallucinations. B. delusions. C. mirages. D. catatonia.

A. hallucinations.

57. Decatastrophize technique in cognitive therapy involves A. helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation. B. helping the client distribute responsibility for events appropriately. C. providing the client with ways of stopping a cascade of negative thoughts. D. systematically examining the evidence for the client's beliefs or assertions.

A. helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation.

55. Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on A. illogical thoughts. B. resistance. C. positive reinforcement. D. the relationship between therapist and client.

A. illogical thoughts.

36. The primary premise of humanistic therapy is that A. individuals possess the capacity to heal themselves. B. irrational thought results in negative consequences. C. the unconscious mind can affect conscious behavior. D. abnormal behavior can be manipulated in therapy.

A. individuals possess the capacity to heal themselves.

80. In the context of drug therapy, the widespread increase in the number of individuals taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to combat their depression is primarily due to the A. lesser side effects as compared to other antidepressants. B. lack of withdrawal symptoms upon stopping the use of these drugs. C. misdiagnoses of depression among young people. D. reduced costs of these drugs.

A. lesser side effects as compared to other antidepressants.

72. It has been over two years since the death of her husband and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss. Since then, she feels hopeless, and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death and cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from A. major depressive disorder. B. bipolar disorder. C. social anxiety disorder. D. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

A. major depressive disorder.

81. Aria has been awake for two nights in a row and still feels highly energetic, and euphoric. The previous day, she quit her job on an impulse and decided to become an actress. In the context of bipolar disorder, Aria is experiencing an episode of A. mania. B. catatonia. C. depression. D. psychosis.

A. mania

50. Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she becomes overwhelmed with such dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. post-traumatic stress disorder. D. panic disorder.

A. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

108. The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions. A. positive symptoms/negative symptoms B. negative symptoms/positive symptoms C. physical symptoms/psychological symptoms D. psychological symptoms/physical symptoms

A. positive symptoms/negative symptoms

10. Sean, a psychologist, told his colleague "My client must confront the conflicts he faced in his childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety." According to this statement, it can be concluded that Sean follows a _____ approach. A. psychodynamic B. cognitive C. behavioral D. humanistic

A. psychodynamic

13. Charlotte is a psychologist who believes in the following statement, "Abnormal behavior is the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts." Since she believes in this statement, it can be inferred that Charlotte practices _____ therapy. A. psychodynamic B. humanistic C. social learning D. biological

A. psychodynamic

7. Which of the following therapies stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems? A. psychodynamic therapies B. humanistic therapies C. social learning therapies D. biological therapies

A. psychodynamic therapies

9. Harry, a behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to Harry, severe physical abuse in childhood could serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition conforms to the to psychological disorders A. psychological approach. B. biological approach. C. cognitive approach. D. sociocultural approach.

A. psychological approach.

43. Alfred suffers from an extreme and irrational fear of spiders. His fear is exaggerated and disproportionate to the actual danger he might be in if he did encounter a spider. Alfred's fear of spiders is so intense that he would go to almost any length to avoid coming into contact with them. Alfred is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following disorders? A. specific phobia B. generalized anxiety disorder C. social anxiety disorder D. post-traumatic stress disorder

A. specific phobia

53. What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who don't have OCD? A. the ability to ignore or dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts B. the presence of agoraphobia C. a history of past sexual abuse D. overprotective parents

A. the ability to ignore or dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts

105. Among the techniques used in family therapy, validation involves A. the therapist finding something positive to say to each family member. B. the therapist helping families reframe problems as family problems. C. the therapist helping families reframe problems as an individual's problems. D. the therapist trying to restructure the coalitions in a family.

A. the therapist finding something positive to say to each family member.

112. Which of the following is a goal of couples therapy? A. to improve the communication between the partners B. to facilitate better sexual relations C. to decrease the number of rules set for each of the partners D. to increase the amount of warmth between the partners

A. to improve the communication between the partners

25. In the context of psychoanalysis, a client interacting with an analyst as if the analyst were a parent or lover exemplifies the concept of A. transference. B. free association. C. interpretation. D. unconditional positive regard.

A. transference.

35. Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech? A. Mary, who comforts Joel since he is extremely anxious about his results B. Alan, who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss C. Horace, who tells his mother to quit her job at a departmental store because of her failing health D. Gayle, who congratulates his colleague, Neil, for performing well in the project

B. Alan, who agrees with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss

28. Which of the following statements is true of generalized anxiety disorder? A. An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder experiences persistent anxiety for a maximum of one month. B. An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder is nervous most of the time. C. Generalized anxiety disorder does not have any impact on the physical health of an individual. D. Generalized anxiety disorder is often caused due to an elevation in the levels of the neurotransmitter GABA.

B. An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder is nervous most of the time.

87. _____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation. A. Binge-eating disorder B. Anorexia nervosa C. Schizophrenia D. Dissociative identity disorder

B. Anorexia nervosa

54. Judy thinks she is depressed over her teacher's criticism of her paper. Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own illogical belief—that the criticism means she is stupid—is really why she is depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing _____therapy. A. behavioral B. Beck's cognitive C. humanistic D. psychoanalytic

B. Beck's cognitive

52. _____ therapies emphasize that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems, and they attempt to influence and change the feelings and behaviors by changing the thoughts. A. Humanistic B. Cognitive C. Gestalt D. Psychoanalytic

B. Cognitive

26. Which of the following scenarios indicates the psychoanalytic phenomenon of transference? A. Harry visits his psychotherapist twice a week. B. Derek feels attached to his psychotherapist who resembles his girlfriend. C. Mandy is unhappy with her therapist who forgets her session dates. D. Julia schedules her appointments with her therapist well in advance.

B. Derek feels attached to his psychotherapist who resembles his girlfriend.

18. The _____ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States. A. Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) B. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) C. International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) D. Latin American Guide for Psychiatric Diagnosis (GLDP)

B. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

98. _____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder. A. Dissociative amnesia B. Dissociative identity disorder C. Dissociative fugue D. Schizophrenia

B. Dissociative identity disorder

109. _____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion. A. Catatonia B. Flat affect C. Referential thinking D. Hallucination

B. Flat affect

104. _____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture. A. Delusions/Hallucinations B. Hallucinations/Delusions C. Referential thoughts/Catatonic thoughts D. Catatonic thoughts/Referential thoughts

B. Hallucinations/Delusions

34. Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder? A. The brain chemical, lactate, is deficient in individuals with panic disorder. B. In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder. C. In terms of sociocultural factors in the United States, men are twice as likely as women to have panic attacks. D. Individuals who suffer from panic attacks are less likely to display overgeneralization of fear learning.

B. In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder.

55. Which of the following statements is true of individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? A. Individuals with OCD have an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations. B. Individuals with OCD dwell on their doubts and repeat their routines sometimes hundreds of times a day C. Individuals with OCD experience recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause. D. Individuals with OCD have the ability to dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts by ignoring or effectively dismissing them.

B. Individuals with OCD dwell on their doubts and repeat their routines sometimes hundreds of times a day

63. Which of the following statements is true of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? A. An individual experiences PTSD symptom only several months or years after a trauma. B. Not every individual exposed to the same event develops PTSD. C. Genetic inheritance does not play a role in the development of PTSD. D. Individuals with PTSD seek attention and are open to expressing their emotions.

B. Not every individual exposed to the same event develops PTSD.

49. _____ are recurrent thoughts, and _____ are recurrent behaviors. A. Compulsions/obsessions B. Obsessions/compulsions C. Delusions/hallucinations D. Hallucinations/delusions

B. Obsessions/compulsions

14. Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model? A. According to the biopsychosocial model, biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors are independent of one another and operate distinctly in producing abnormal behavior. B. The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior. C. According to the biopsychosocial perspective, a specific gene or a particular experience will inevitably lead to the development of a psychological disorder. D. The biopsychosocial model gives more importance to biological factors over psychological and sociocultural factors in producing normal and abnormal behavior.

B. The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior.

76. Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs? A. tricyclics B. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors C. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) D. benzodiazepines

C. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

40. A fear becomes a phobia when A. a doctor diagnoses it as such. B. an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear. C. a person can specifically identify their object of fear. D. the regions of the brain like amygdala and hippocampus are deactivated.

B. an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear.

88. A woman who is in relentless pursuit of thinness for more than six months, so much so that she is starving herself to achieve this goal is exhibiting symptoms of A. binge-eating disorder. B. anorexia nervosa. C. bulimia nervosa. D. bipolar disorder.

B. anorexia nervosa.

24. A person who regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts is likely to suffer from A. mood disorder. B. anxiety disorder. C. personality disorder. D. dissociative disorder.

B. anxiety disorder.

79. In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for A. schizophrenia. B. anxiety disorders and eating disorders. C. dissociative amnesia. D. antisocial personality disorder.

B. anxiety disorders and eating disorders.

71. Xanax, Valium, and Librium are benzodiazepines that are commonly used drug therapies for treating A. mood disorders. B. anxiety disorders. C. schizophrenia. D. dissociative disorders.

B. anxiety disorders.

50. If a therapist gives an alcoholic a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that she or he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using A. systematic desensitization. B. aversive conditioning. C. social-skills training. D. an unethical procedure.

B. aversive conditioning.

5. Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis conforms to the A. sociocultural approach. B. biological approach. C. psychological approach. D. social cognitive approach.

B. biological approach.

81. Lithium is commonly used to treat A. panic attacks. B. bipolar disorder. C. schizophrenia. D. major depression.

B. bipolar disorder.

85. Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ than of _____. A. depressive disorders/bipolar disorder B. bipolar disorder/depressive disorders C. dysthymic disorders/depressive disorders D. dysthymic disorders/bipolar disorder

B. bipolar disorder/depressive disorders

15. According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems? A. reinforcing the client for ignoring neurotic thoughts B. bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness C. having the client transfer fears and anxieties to the therapist D. helping the client to repress unpleasant memories more effectively

B. bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness

16. The release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting experience is known as A. tardive dyskinesia. B. catharsis. C. resistance. D. transference.

B. catharsis.

48. The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive A. exercising. B. cleansing. C. sleeping. D. eating.

B. cleansing

3. Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy A. is mixed, in that psychotherapy works well for women but not for men. B. clearly shows that psychotherapy works. C. shows that psychoanalysis is more effective than cognitive therapy. D. shows that humanistic therapy is more effective than behavioral therapy.

B. clearly shows that psychotherapy works.

120. Researchers have found that when there is an ethnic match between the therapist and the client and when ethnic-specific services are provided, A. clients are more likely to drop out of therapy early. B. clients have better treatment outcomes. C. treatment outcomes are the same as when there is no ethnic match.

B. clients have better treatment outcomes.

78. Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who, after interviewing her, recommended either Paxil or Prozac. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Elizabeth is most likely suffering from A. dyslexia. B. depression. C. amnesia. D. psychosis.

B. depression.

15. The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder. A. medical model B. diathesis-stress model C. five-factor model D. Elaboration Likelihood Model

B. diathesis-stress model

99. Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder? A. dissociative amnesia B. dissociative identity disorder C. dissociative fugue D. schizophrenia

B. dissociative identity disorder

94. Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior? A. a self-help group B. electroconvulsive therapy C. encounter groups D. minor tranquilizers

B. electroconvulsive therapy

96. According to biological forms of therapy, when an individual is suffering from a severe episode of major depressive disorder, which of the following treatment approaches will be useful in reducing his symptoms in the short-run and provide rapid relief to the person's mood? A. psychoanalysis B. electroconvulsive therapy C. cognitive-behavioral therapy D. rational-emotive therapy

B. electroconvulsive therapy

117. Community mental health programs seek to help people who are disenfranchised from society to lead happier, more productive lives through the concept of A. unconditional positive regard. B. empowerment. C. transference. D. cognitive-restructuring.

B. empowerment.

29. Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless she cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with? A. social anxiety disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. bipolar disorder

B. generalized anxiety disorder

8. The main goal of psychoanalysis is to A. persuade clients to abandon their irrational, misery-inducing beliefs. B. help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems. C. train clients to avoid maladaptive patterns of behavior through modeling of appropriate behaviors. D. demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward the client.

B. help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems.

93. Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy. A. high levels/high levels B. high levels/low levels C. low levels/high levels D. low levels/low levels

B. high levels/low levels

77. Ever since Kerry lost her job, she has been feeling worthless. It's been more than two weeks now since she slept well. She has lost a lot of weight and keeps thinking about committing suicide. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Kerry is most likely suffering from A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. major depressive disorder. C. social anxiety disorder. D. antisocial personality disorder.

B. major depressive disorder.

53. A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that _____ are the causes of abnormal behavior. A. parental relationships B. maladaptive thoughts C. chemical imbalances D. childhood experiences

B. maladaptive thoughts

21. James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to have sex with his neighbor's wife. Making the sandwich was the A. hidden content of the dream. B. manifest content of the dream. C. latent content of the dream. D. resistant content of the dream.

B. manifest content of the dream.

33. You are having dinner with your friend who experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Your friend would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. panic disorder. C. phobic disorder. D. generalized anxiety disorder.

B. panic disorder

66. Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms. Which of the following anxiety-related disorders would best apply to this situation? A. major depressive disorder B. post-traumatic stress disorder C. bipolar disorder D. schizophrenia

B. post-traumatic stress disorder

65. Soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These characteristics are indicative of A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. post-traumatic stress disorder. C. specific phobia. D. dissociative identity disorder.

B. post-traumatic stress disorder.

96. Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of A. bipolar disorder. B. post-traumatic stress disorder. C. antisocial personality disorder. D. panic disorder.

B. post-traumatic stress disorder.

75. Learned helplessness and pessimistic attributional styles are two ways of understanding the _____ factors associated with depression. A. bipolar B. psychological C. sociocultural D. biological

B. psychological

84. Neuroleptic drugs _____. A. are antianxiety drugs B. reduce schizophrenic symptoms C. are also called noradrenergic antidepressants D. cure schizophrenia

B. reduce schizophrenic symptoms

109. In the context of family therapy, getting the family to acknowledge that the problem is a family problem and not just the problem of one individual is known as A. validation. B. reframing. C. structural change. D. detriangulation.

B. reframing

27. Bruce is seeing a therapist for his depression but he is always late and has missed several appointments. He talks about sports and the weather to try and avoid facing his problems and he often becomes argumentative with his therapist. According to psychoanalytic theory, Bruce's behavior is a classic example of A. transference. B. resistance. C. projection. D. catharsis.

B. resistance.

42. Alison had sustained severe injuries after being brutally attacked by a mad dog as a child. Following that incident, Alison has been experiencing an overwhelming sense of fear and paralysis every time she sees a dog. The fear is so intense that it keeps Alison from leaving her house. Alison believes that as long as she's inside her house, the chances of encountering a dog are slim. In the context of psychological disorders, Alison is most likely to be diagnosed with A. social anxiety disorder. B. specific phobia. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder. D. generalized anxiety disorder.

B. specific phobia.

41. Which of the following techniques should be most likely implemented by a behavioral therapist when a client has a fear of public speaking? A. dream analysis B. systematic desensitization C. aversive conditioning D. client-centered therapy

B. systematic desensitization

45. Frank is seeing a therapist for his spider phobia. The therapist first teaches him muscle relaxation and then they develop a stimulus hierarchy. Frank is seeing a therapist who uses A. flooding. B. systematic desensitization. C. psychoanalysis. D. social skills training.

B. systematic desensitization.

4. The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and A. the client. B. the American Psychiatric Association. C. the local government. D. other professional therapists who practice in the same state.

B. the client

22. In psychoanalytic theory, the term transference is used to describe A. the gradual shifting of erogenous desires from the mouth to the genitals. B. the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life. C. efforts to redirect anxiety-provoking desires into socially acceptable actions. D. the repression of painful memories from conscious awareness.

B. the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life.

8. Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders? A. the sociocultural approach B. the psychological approach C. the humanistic approach D. the biological approach

B. the psychological approach

11. Which of the following is the most important determinant of the effectiveness of psychotherapy? A. the duration of therapy sessions B. the therapeutic alliance C. the cost involved in therapy D. the number of therapy sessions

B. the therapeutic alliance

29. Which of the following is a primary goal of humanistic therapists? A. to change maladaptive behaviors B. to encourage personal growth C. to resolve unconscious conflicts D. to focus on illness rather than self-fulfillment

B. to encourage personal growth

91. The side effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors prescribed for agoraphobia is A. fatigue. B. toxicity. C. nausea. D. drowsiness.

B. toxicity.

59. Each time Harry feels anxious, he compulsively pulls hair from his scalp or eyebrows. This compulsive urge to pull his hair has made him partially bald. Harry is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following OCD-related disorders? A. hoarding disorder B. trichotillomania C. excoriation D. body dysmorphic disorder

B. trichotillomania

59. A psychologist who practices cognitive therapy might try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by A. using systematic desensitization to replace depression with relaxation. B. trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts. C. analyzing unconscious conflicts from the patient's past. D. involving the patient in satisfying social activities.

B. trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts.

101. Which of the following features of group therapy helps individuals who share a psychological disorder observe that others feel anguish and suffering as well? A. information B. universality C. altruism D. interpersonal learning

B. universality

102. Which of the following is a characteristic of group therapy? A. transference B. altruism C. self-efficacy D. self-actualization

B.altruism

31. Alex has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following, if true, is most likely to have played a role in the development of his disorder? A. Alex has very sensitive and liberal parents. B. Alex is unambitious and has low self-standards. C. Alex has respiratory system abnormalities. D. Alex suffered a head injury as a child.

C. Alex has respiratory system abnormalities.

79. _____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state. A. Major depressive disorder B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder C. Bipolar disorder D. Generalized anxiety disorder

C. Bipolar disorder

60. _____ is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance. A. Excoriation B. Trichotillomania C. Body dysmorphic disorder D. Hoarding disorder

C. Body dysmorphic disorder

97. Who among the following is most suitable for electroconvulsive therapy? A. Alan, who has obsessive-compulsive disorder B. Frederic, who has generalized anxiety disorder C. Brad, who is contemplating suicide D. Byron, who suffers from insomnia

C. Brad, who is contemplating suicide

78. Which of the following statements is true of the sociocultural factors involved in depression? A. Men are nearly twice as likely as women to be diagnosed with depression. B. Studies have found very low rates of depression in Native American groups. C. Depression increases as standards of living and employment circumstances worsen. D. Individuals with a low socioeconomic status (SES) are less likely to develop depression than their higher-SES counterparts.

C. Depression increases as standards of living and employment circumstances worsen.

38. _____ are called insight therapies because they encourage self-awareness as the path to psychological health. A. Cognitive and sociocultural therapies B. Behavior and humanistic therapies C. Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies D. Psychodynamic and behavior therapies

C. Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies

2. Which of the following statements about biological therapies is FALSE? A. Biological therapies are treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning. B. Drug therapy is the most common form of biological therapy. C. Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states. D. Medical doctors can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders.

C. Psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states.

102. _____ refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality. A. Dissociation B. Mania C. Psychosis D. Catatonia

C. Psychosis

45. _____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public. A. Thanatophobia B. Xenophobia C. Social phobia D. Gamophobia

C. Social phobia

99. Which of the following statements about psychosurgery is FALSE? A. Psychosurgery is a biological therapy that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment. B. A prefrontal lobotomy is a type of psychosurgery that involves severing fibers that connect the frontal lobe and the thalamus. C. The effects of psychosurgery can be reversed with intensive therapy. D. Present-day psychosurgery involves making just a small lesion in the amygdala or another part of the limbic system.

C. The effects of psychosurgery can be reversed with intensive therapy.

104. Dr. Susan is your family therapist. She believes that to adequately understand psychological problems, she must understand the role that you play in the family system. Which of these statements supports that underlying belief? A. Older siblings are usually relied upon to provide therapeutic solutions. B. The individual must be cured before the remainder of the family is infected. C. The psychological symptoms of a person are a function of the family relationship. D. Mothers and fathers are the cause of almost every psychological problem.

C. The psychological symptoms of a person are a function of the family relationship.

106. A schizophrenic patient hears multiple voices inside his head talking to him at the same time and forcing him to do things. It can be inferred that the patient is experiencing the symptom of A. delusions. B. illusions. C. hallucinations. D. catatonia.

C. hallucinations.

14. Your psychotherapist asks you to "free associate." What are you being asked to do? A. You are being asked to concentrate on relaxing as your therapist presents you with anxiety-provoking stimuli. B. You are being asked to completely empty your mind of all thoughts. C. You are being asked to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. D. You are being asked to recall everything you can about traumatic childhood events.

C. You are being asked to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

49. Which of the following individuals would benefit from systematic desensitization? A. a person who is addicted to alcohol B. a person who is suffering from severe depression C. a person who has a phobia of closed spaces D. a person who is suffering from schizophrenia

C. a person who has a phobia of closed spaces

17. According to Freud's therapeutic technique, getting people to talk freely A. exhausts them. B. causes them to lose focus. C. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge. D. masks their unconscious conflicts.

C. allows their deepest thoughts to emerge.

117. A superficially charming person who is indifferent to the pain of others and has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder? A. borderline personality disorder B. narcissistic personality disorder C. antisocial personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C. antisocial personality disorder

51. Which of the following therapies represents the application of operant principles to psychological disorders? A. systematic desensitization B. flooding C. applied behavior analysis D. aversion therapy

C. applied behavior analysis

23. Janet is worried about her son, Patrick. She finds him restless and impulsive. At times, Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration during his studies. She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. mild neurocognitive impairment. C. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. D. schizophrenia.

C. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

1. All of the following are criteria that are used to distinguish normal behavior from abnormal behavior EXCEPT A. behavior that is deviant. B. behavior that is maladaptive. C. behavior that is inconsistent. D. behavior that involves personal distress over a long period of time.

C. behavior that is inconsistent.

6. The _____ approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality. A. psychological B. sociocultural C. biological D. evolutionary

C. biological

68. Integrative therapy is most compatible with the _____ model of abnormal behavior. A. psychodynamic B. humanistic C. biopsychosocial D. cognitive

C. biopsychosocial

83. Dr. Wren is in the process of diagnosing Lily's psychological disorder. After asking Lily a few questions about her symptoms, Lily reveals that she experiences alternating episodes of euphoria and distress. On some days, Lily claims that she feels like she is capable of doing anything in the world. During this phase, she can't sleep; feels restless, and is extremely excitable. On the other days, Lily feels utterly worthless and miserable. During this phase, Lily lies in bed all day and is troubled by morbid thoughts. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Wren is likely to diagnose Lily with A. major depressive disorder. B. obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. bipolar disorder. D. schizophrenia.

C. bipolar disorder

92. Chronic sore throat, kidney problems, dehydration, gastrointestinal problems, and dental problems are complications commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. anorexia nervosa. C. bulimia nervosa. D. bipolar disorder.

C. bulimia nervosa.

65. Tasha is seeing a therapist because she is depressed. Her therapist gives her examples of reinforcing self-statements and trains Tasha on self-instructional methods that allow her to modify her own behavior. Tasha's therapist is most likely practicing A. psychodynamic therapy. B. humanistic therapy. C. cognitive-behavior therapy. D. family therapy.

C. cognitive-behavior therapy.

44. Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization? A. hypnosis B. cognitive restructuring C. deep relaxation D. dream analysis

C. deep relaxation

25. All of the following are classified as anxiety disorders, EXCEPT A. specific phobia. B. panic disorder. C. depression. D. social phobia.

C. depression

20. Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders. A. cultural B. analytical C. disease D. cognitive

C. disease

24. In the context of psychoanalysis, when a psychotherapist questions a client about the nightmares the client has had, the therapist is engaging in the method of A. transference. B. free association C. dream analysis. D. validation.

C. dream analysis.

58. Adrian is a cognitive therapist. He intends to help his client Troy, who feels that he is a born loser and will continue to be a loser in the future. According to this information, which of the following cognitive therapy techniques should be implemented by Adrian? A. questioning the evidence B. examining options and alternatives C. examining advantages and disadvantages D. guided association

C. examining advantages and disadvantages

58. Emily is in the habit of picking at her skin every time she feels nervous or anxious. Emily engages in this kind of compulsive behavior to such an extent that she ends up bruising herself in the process. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Emily is most likely suffering from A. hoarding disorder. B. body dysmorphic disorder. C. excoriation. D. trichotillomania.

C. excoriation.

110. Validation, reframing, structural change, and detriangulation are techniques most commonly used in A. psychoanalysis. B. cognitive therapy. C. family therapy. D. behavioral therapy.

C. family therapy

119. Given that collectivist cultures place more importance on the group than on the individual, some psychologists have suggested that _____ is likely to be more effective with people from Asian and Latino cultures. A. psychoanalysis B. humanistic therapy C. family therapy D. cognitive therapy

C. family therapy

57. Diana is afraid to throw things away because she feels that she might need them in the future. Consequently, Diana compulsively collects and stores large quantities of old newspapers, broken crockery, and old clothes. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Diana's excessive acquisition of objects and her inability to discard them are typical characteristics of A. trichotillomania. B. excoriation. C. hoarding disorder. D. body dysmorphic disorder.

C. hoarding disorder.

32. Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very nondirective and devotes a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the _____ perspective of psychotherapy. A. cognitive B. behavioral C. humanistic D. biological

C. humanistic

88. Chaz has been on antipsychotic medication for several weeks now. As a consequence, he is most likely to experience the side effect of A. fatigue B. loss of weight. C. involuntary muscle movement. D. excessive sleep.

C. involuntary muscle movement.

20. According to Freudian dream analysis, the unconscious, hidden aspects that are symbolized by the manifest content of dreams refers to the _____ content. A. obtuse B. subliminal C. latent D. passive

C. latent

76. Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learns that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with A. dissociative identity disorder. B. bipolar disorder. C. major depressive disorder. D. social anxiety disorder.

C. major depressive disorder.

3. With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered A. unique. B. dependent. C. maladaptive. D. repetitive.

C. maladaptive.

75. Avril is suffering from major depressive disorder and has been administered the drug Elavil, a tricyclic drug. According to this information, which of the following side effects is she likely to experience as a result of the intake of this drug? A. nervousness B. increased appetite C. memory difficulties D. suicidal thoughts

C. memory difficulties

26. An individual diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is most likely to experience A. episodes of unrealistic excitement and euphoria. B. hallucinations—that is, seeing or hearing things that are not there. C. motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts. D. recurrent thoughts of death and suicide.

C. motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts.

47. The anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called A. specific phobia. B. post-traumatic stress disorder. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder. D. schizophrenia.

C. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

94. Unlike obese individuals who do not suffer from binge-eating disorder, binge eaters are more likely to A. consume fatty, high-calorie food. B. stop eating before they are full. C. overvalue their physical appearance, weight, and body shape. D. suffer from diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.

C. overvalue their physical appearance, weight, and body shape.

35. John has sudden attacks of intense fear in which he experiences palpitations, he feels dizzy, and he has trouble catching his breath. During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die. From this description, it sounds like John has A. schizophrenia. B. obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. panic disorder. D. generalized anxiety disorder.

C. panic disorder

37. John often experiences unanticipated attacks of intense fear. During these episodes, he feels like fainting and has trouble catching his breath. John cannot identify the source of his feelings and worries that he might die of heart failure. In the context of psychological disorders, John is exhibiting the symptoms of A. disruptive mood regulation disorder. B. paranoid personality disorder. C. panic disorder. D. social anxiety disorder.

C. panic disorder

64. When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of A. generalized anxiety disorder. B. social phobia. C. post-traumatic stress disorder. D. panic disorder.

C. post-traumatic stress disorder.

67. Jerome was held hostage by gunmen along with 30 others in a 5-star hotel. He had witnessed the gunmen shoot other hostages and was denied food and water for two whole days. Since then, Jerome has had trouble sleeping and focusing on his work. Sometimes, Jerome loses track of where he is and feels like he is back at the hotel. These flashback episodes terrify Jerome and disturb his peace of mind. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Jerome shows symptoms suggestive of A. schizophrenia. B. obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. post-traumatic stress disorder. D. social anxiety disorder.

C. post-traumatic stress disorder.

100. Which of the following forms of treatment would be used only as a last resort to help patients with severely debilitating conditions? A. drug therapy B. cognitive therapy C. psychosurgery D. psychoanalysis

C. psychosurgery

69. Which of the following biomedical interventions for eliminating the symptoms of psychological disorders is used least often? A. aversive conditioning B. psychotherapy C. psychosurgery D. drug therapy

C. psychosurgery

39. The primary goal of behavior therapy is to A. uncover unconscious conflicts. B. gain self-awareness. C. reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior. D. be sensitive to the cultural and contextual needs of the client.

C. reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior.

107. Elizabeth, a family therapist, tells Roy's family that his problem of cocaine addiction is related to the dynamics that exists within their family. According to this information, it can be inferred that Elizabeth practices the _____ technique. A. client-centered B. structural change C. reframing D. scaling

C. reframing

83. Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. major depressive disorder. C. schizophrenia. D. panic disorder.

C. schizophrenia.

12. Derek has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Derek's counselor, Mary, believes that Derek's poor relationship with his alcoholic stepfather is a factor that contributed to Derek's psychological disorder. Which of the following theoretical approaches to psychological disorders conforms to Mary's beliefs in this scenario? A. biological approach B. anthropological approach C. sociocultural approach D. cognitive approach

C. sociocultural approach

41. A man who is so afraid of flying and who would go to any length to avoid flying is most likely experiencing A. schizophrenia. B. panic disorder. C. specific phobia. D. post-traumatic stress disorder.

C. specific phobia.

106. Taylor is a family therapist who intends to resolve a mother-child coalition that has formed in the case of her client Hannah, since Hannah's husband does not spend quality time with them. According to this information, it can be inferred that Taylor is likely to implement the _____ technique. A. guided association B. desensitization C. structural change D. reattribution

C. structural change

108. Which of the following is a technique that is used in family therapy? A. scaling B. guided Association C. structural change D. reattribution

C. structural change

89. The potential side effect of neuroleptic drugs is _____, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary random movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and mouth, as well as extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs. A. insomnia B. schizophrenia C. tardive dyskinesia D. transference

C. tardive dyskinesia

6. Research shows that _____ is the most important determinant of therapy outcome. A. the therapist's credentials B. the cost of the therapist C. the quality of the client's participation D. the client's age

C. the quality of the client's participation

118. In the context of community mental-health movement, deinstitutionalization involves A. releasing individuals with mental disorders from prison. B. requiring individuals with mental disorders to participate in community service. C. transferring individuals with psychological disorders from mental institutions to community-based facilities. D. transferring individuals with mental disorders from the community to psychiatry-based facilities.

C. transferring individuals with psychological disorders from mental institutions to community-based facilities.

34. The therapeutic environment of client-centered therapy is likely to be characterized by A. arousal and challenge. B. structure and desensitization. C. warmth and support. D. analysis and reinforcement.

C. warmth and support.

62. All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT A. flashbacks. B. impulsive outbursts of behavior. C. difficulties with memory and concentration. D. feeling emotionally charged.

D. feeling emotionally charged.

39. Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE? A. Panic disorder is associated with neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and GABA. B. Theories of the origins of panic attack take into account biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. C. Lactate, which plays a role in brain metabolism, has been found to be elevated in individuals with panic disorder. D. American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

D. American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

90. _____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder. A. Generalized anxiety disorder B. Schizophrenia C. Bipolar disorder D. Anorexia nervosa

D. Anorexia nervosa

21. _____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity. A. Borderline personality disorder B. Autism spectrum disorder C. Major depressive disorder D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

56. Luanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend. Her therapist points out that her thoughts, and not the situation itself, cause her depression. Luanne's therapist seems to practice _____ therapy. A. psychodynamic B. humanistic C. client-centered D. Beck's cognitive

D. Beck's cognitive

118. _____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts. A. Schizophrenia B. Dissociative identity disorder C. Antisocial personality disorder D. Borderline personality disorder

D. Borderline personality disorder

61. _____ is a technique in cognitive therapy. A. Detriangulation B. Reframing C. Validation D. Decatastrophize

D. Decatastrophize

69. _____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life. A. Anxiety B. Fear C. Anger D. Depression

D. Depression

95. _____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity. A. Anxiety disorders B. Mood disorders C. Personality disorders D. Dissociative disorders

D. Dissociative disorders

77. _____ inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is also known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. A. Prozac B. Paxil C. Zoloft D. Effexor

D. Effexor

9. Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques? A. Freud believed that transference was an avoidable aspect of the analyst-patient relationship. B. Transference is the psychoanalytic term for the client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems. C. Resistance is the psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life. D. Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences.

D. Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences.

85. Which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs? A. Neuroleptic drugs treat the causes of schizophrenia, not its symptoms. B. Neuroleptic drugs have substantially increased the length of hospital stays for individuals with schizophrenia. C. Neuroleptic drugs are widely used to treat bipolar disorder. D. If an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return.

D. If an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return.

44. Which of the following statements about specific phobia is true? A. All disorders that involve repetitive behavior like hoarding disorder, excoriation, and trichotillomania are related to specific phobia. B. All people who have a specific phobia also suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder. C. Specific phobia is a disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that overwhelms the person's abilities to cope. D. Many explanations of specific phobias view these disorders as based on experiences and learned associations.

D. Many explanations of specific phobias view these disorders as based on experiences and learned associations.

101. _____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered, psychotic thought processes. A. Social anxiety disorder B. Anorexia nervosa C. Generalized anxiety disorder D. Schizophrenia

D. Schizophrenia

114. Which of the following is true of self-help support groups? A. Self-help support groups are conducted by a professional therapist. B. Self-help support groups specialize in family therapy. C. Self-help support groups are beneficial only to high-income groups as they are relatively expensive. D. Self-help support groups provide members with a sympathetic audience for social sharing and emotional release.

D. Self-help support groups provide members with a sympathetic audience for social sharing and emotional release.

40. Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapies? A. They encourage self-awareness as the key to psychological health. B. They offer action-oriented strategies to help people change underlying thoughts or emotions. C. They lay emphasis on the person's self-healing capacities. D. They strive to eliminate individuals' depressed symptoms or behaviors.

D. They strive to eliminate individuals' depressed symptoms or behaviors.

73. All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder EXCEPT A. reduced interest or pleasure in all or most activities. B. significant weight gain or loss. C. trouble sleeping or sleeping too much. D. a history of manic episodes.

D. a history of manic episodes.

72. Which of the following classes of drugs are NOT considered antidepressants? A. tricyclics B. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors C. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) D. benzodiazepines

D. benzodiazepines

1. Which of the following treatments reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning? A. psychotherapies B. humanistic therapies C. cognitive-behavioral therapies D. biological therapies

D. biological therapies

61. Kelly experiences a great deal of anxiety over her physical appearance. She believes that her head is too big and her nose is asymmetrical. This troubling preoccupation with her physical features interferes with Kelly's occupational and social functioning. She spends hours in front of the mirror and isolates herself from her friends. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Kelly can be most likely diagnosed with A. excoriation. B. trichotillomania. C. hoarding disorder. D. body dysmorphic disorder.

D. body dysmorphic disorder.

46. All of the following are considered a form of behavior therapy EXCEPT A. operant conditioning. B. aversive conditioning. C. systematic desensitization. D. client-centered therapy.

D. client-centered therapy.

62. Cindy's therapist uses the technique of distraction to help her deal with anxiety and asks her to count to 200 by 13s when she feels herself becoming anxious. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Cindy's therapist practices A. psychodynamic therapy. B. humanistic therapy. C. behavioral therapy. D. cognitive therapy.

D. cognitive therapy.

111. One aspect of family therapy is the idea that a family member's symptoms are a function of the family relationships. If, for example, a teenage son is the scapegoat of the parents, which family-therapy technique would be the most appropriate to use? A. validation B. reframing C. structural change D. detriangulation

D. detriangulation

74. Derek is suffering from anxiety disorder and is currently under medication. According to this scenario, which of the following side effects will be experienced by Derek as a result of taking his medication? A. tardive dyskinesia B. metabolic syndrome C. restlessness D. drowsiness

D. drowsiness

56. In the context of OCD-related disorders, an individual with hoarding disorder is most likely to A. exhibit a distressing preoccupation with the flaws in his physical appearance. B. compulsively pull at his hair from his scalp, eyebrows, and other body parts. C. suffer from a compulsion that involves picking at his skin, sometimes to the point of injuring himself. D. find it difficult to throw things away, troubled by the feeling that he might need them at a later time.

D. find it difficult to throw things away, troubled by the feeling that he might need them at a later time.

27. An individual who has been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months and unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings likely suffers from A. schizophrenia. B. post-traumatic stress disorder. C. a panic disorder. D. generalized anxiety disorder.

D. generalized anxiety disorder.

67. Dr. Guerrero uses different therapies based on the benefits they provide for her clients. Currently she is using a behavioral approach to treat an individual with panic disorder and a cognitive therapy approach to treat a client with major depressive disorder. Dr. Guerrero is practicing A. psychoanalysis. B. humanistic therapy. C. biological therapy. D. integrative therapy.

D. integrative therapy.

18. According to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy, interpretation A. is the psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life. B. is a psychoanalytic technique that involves encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind. C. is a psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person's dreams. D. is a psychoanalyst's search for symbolic, hidden meanings in what the client says and does during therapy.

D. is a psychoanalyst's search for symbolic, hidden meanings in what the client says and does during therapy.

42. Jane is afraid of crowds. If her therapist uses systematic desensitization technique, Jane will be asked to A. identify self-defeating thoughts. B. expose her fear during group therapy. C. stand alone in a room. D. learn how to relax.

D. learn how to relax.

70. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. panic disorder. C. schizophrenia. D. major depressive disorder.

D. major depressive disorder.

52. Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house. She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engages in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings. Consequently, Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with A. paranoid personality disorder. B. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. C. post-traumatic stress disorder. D. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

D. obsessive-compulsive disorder.

36. Dr. Davenport, a psychiatrist, is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder. He asks Kelly a series of questions regarding her symptoms. Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness. During these instances, she finds it difficult to breathe, has severe palpitations, and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest. In the context of psychological disorders, Dr. Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with A. schizophrenia. B. social anxiety disorder. C. paranoid personality disorder. D. panic disorder.

D. panic disorder

38. Lola often experiences abrupt, brief episodes of overwhelming fear. She does not know what triggers them, but she has these attacks in the grocery store, in busy restaurants, and even while driving. During these attacks, Lola's heart pounds and she has difficulty breathing. She fears that she may go crazy or have a heart attack. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Lola may have A. catatonia. B. somatoform disorder. C. aerophobia. D. panic disorder.

D. panic disorder

4. Abnormal behavior is A. not related to organic or internal causes. B. often learned through operant conditioning. C. a direct outcome of poor self-esteem. D. personally distressful over a long period of time.

D. personally distressful over a long period of time.

98. Which of the following is a biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment? A. electroconvulsive therapy B. psychotherapy C. psychoanalysis D. psychosurgery

D. psychosrgery

37. "I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough to be successful," the client complained. "You do not see yourself as a direct problem solver?" responded the therapist. This conversation is an example of _____ and is typical of _____. A. free association/client-centered therapy B. transference/psychodynamic therapy C. reflective speech/psychodynamic therapy D. reflective speech/client-centered therapy

D. reflective speech/client-centered therapy

60. Which of the following is a cognitive therapy technique whereby clients rate their emotions in order to gain a perspective of their situation? A. distraction B. questioning the evidence C. labeling of distortions D. scaling

D. scaling

86. Clozapine is used to treat A. Alzheimer's disease. B. anxiety disorder. C. mood swings. D. schizophrenia.

D. schizophrenia.

30. Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize A. change of behavior rather than underlying thoughts. B. unconscious thoughts rather than conscious thoughts. C. the past rather than the present. D. self-fulfillment rather than illness.

D. self-fulfillment rather than illness.

74. Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters A. dopamine and GABA. B. GABA and epinephrine. C. oxytocin and serotonin. D. serotonin and norepinephrine.

D. serotonin and norepinephrine.

46. Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public. As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions. The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him. Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder? A. obsessive-compulsive disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. algophobia D. social phobia

D. social phobia

54. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) A. does not seem to have a genetic component because it does not run in families. B. is found in people with high levels of serotonin in their brain pathways. C. is characterized by a nonfunctioning limbic system. D. sometimes occurs during a period of life stress.

D. sometimes occurs during a period of life stress.

82. By influencing norepinephrine and serotonin, lithium is thought to A. cure insomnia. B. cause drowsiness. C. improve memory. D. stabilize moods.

D. stabilize moods.

103. The disordered thoughts in schizophrenia are referred to as psychotic because A. they are caused by extreme memory loss. B. they are highly repetitive. C. they are the most dramatic and least common. D. they are far removed from reality.

D. they are far removed from reality.

90. The goal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is A. to help people eliminate illogical thinking. B. to help clients identify their own genuine feelings. C. to reduce norepinephrine and serotonin levels. D. to set off a seizure in the brain.

D. to set off a seizure in the brain.

23. Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems. She is unhappy because she feels her husband does not give her enough attention. After several sessions, she is quite taken with her male therapist because he gives her undivided attention. This growing affection for the therapist is called A. resistance. B. latent content. C. reflection. D. transference.

D. transference

92. Which of the following class of drugs is used to treat agoraphobia? A. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors B. neuroleptics C. tetracyclic drugs D. tricyclic drugs

D. tricyclic drugs

71. For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least A. a week. B. two days. C. two months. D. two weeks.

D. two weeks.