Psych 101: Chapter 8

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced.

retrograde amnesia

loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma.

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________.

memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information.

reconstruction

recalling old memories.

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?

remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV

What is a good example of episodic memory?

remembering your first day of school.

self-referencing effect

the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself.

Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?

Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory.

What is a flashbulb memory?

an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event. (ex: 9-11)

What does the equipotentiality hypothesis suggest would happen if the hippocampus was damaged?

another part of the brain would compensate for the damage by taking over the memory function normally managed by the hippocampus.

Encoding information occurs through ________.

automatic processing and effortful processing

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?

cerebellum

The hippocampus helps with ________

consolidation and meaning for declarative memories.

Automatic processing

done without any consciousness nor awareness

visual encoding

encoding of images

acoustic encoding

encoding of sounds, words in particular

effortful processing

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

long-term memory is divided into two parts:

explicit and implicit

Relearning

learning information that was previously learned.

encoding failure

never learned it in the first place because it wasn't stored properly.

what is chunking in memory?

organizing information into manageable chunks to memorize.

Engram refers to the ________.

physical trace of memory

What are the two types of implicit memory(non-declarative)?

procedural memory and emotional conditioning

What are the two types of explicit memory (declarative)?

semantic and episodic memory

Which concept describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories?

suggestibility

Retrieval is ________

the act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness.

What is rehearsal?

the conscious repetition of information to be remembered.

semantic encoding

the encoding of words and their meaning

What is the self-reference effect?

the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory.

anterograde amnesia

trouble forming new long term declarative memories.

What is procedural memory?

type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things (skills and actions).

What are the three types of encoding?

visual, acoustic, semantic

construction

forming new memories.

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

recognition

The Cerebellum processes __________

implicit memories (procedural and motor learning).

What is semantic memory?

knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts.

implicit memory (non-declarative)

memories that are not part of our consciousness, like riding a bike.

Explicit memories (declarative)

memories we consciously try to remember and recall