Psych 1100 Final Exam
As a nurse practitioner, to predict the emotional experience of a pregnant patient, you might ask all of the following questions EXCEPT:
"Are you married?"
Based on the research, what advice might you give to a friend with children who is considering divorcing?
"Consider staying together for the sake of the children, but only if you can keep from fighting a lot."
An obstetrician is giving a talk about teratogens. Choose the statement this doctor is MOST likely to make.
"Damage from a given teratogen is most likely at high levels of exposure."
Which advice would a follower of attachment theory give a new mom?
"Give your baby a lot of love, so he will have loving relationships later in life."
Pick the statement that a traditional behaviorist would make.
"I can explain human behavior by looking at its reinforcers (or reinforcement)."
If you ask teens about their school sex education courses, what complaint are you MOST likely to hear?
"I want more discussion of relationships."
A friend tells you, "Because my family was so rejecting, I can't reach out fully in love," then asks, "Will I ever change?" Your answer:
"Maybe. Although attachment styles are somewhat enduring, people do change from insecure to securely attached."
If a friend asks you, "How can I keep marital passion alive?" based on the text research, what should you advise?
"Spend time doing exciting things together—activities both you and your spouse love."
If a psychologist friend tells you he believes in Spearman's "g," he is saying:
"There is a general underlying intelligence—and we can use the IQ score to predict intellectual talents at every life task."
Which response involves induction?
"You made fun of that kid, so think of how terrible he must feel."
Carlos asks Clarisa, "What is the main function of the placenta?" Clarisa should answer:
"to provide nutrients to the fetus."
What percentage of U.S. emerging adults eventually gets a college degree?
1 in 2
Statistically speaking, serious mental health problems are MOST likely to erupt during the early:
20s
Approximately how many babies are born with their umbilical cord wrapped around their neck?
25%-35%
A baby is overdue when her length of gestation is
43 Weeks
Which example BEST shows Piaget's concept of egocentrism?
A child thinks that everything that's in his head, other people automatically know.
Children with ADHD have problems with:
All of these
Children who have serious problems regulating and controlling their emotions:
All the above
EXAM 1
EXAM 1
EXAM 2
EXAM 2
EXAM 3
EXAM 3
Which child is MOST likely to be resilient?
Eloise, whose parents abandoned her but is incredibly intelligent and has close relationships with several teachers
Ben is incredibly friendly and outgoing. Bettina is the most reliable person you know. Pick Ben's and Bettina's Big Five categories, in order.
Extraversion; conscientiousness
According to Bandura, modeling refers to reinforcing another person's behavior.
False
Alcohol and drug abuse is rampant among teens.
False
Approximately equal numbers of female and male babies are conceived.
False
Children suddenly move from preoperational thinking to concrete operations in most areas, around age 7.
False
Gay relationships are typically of poorer quality than heterosexual relationships.
False
In recent years, the prevalence of child obesity is slowly declining.
False
Intrinsic motivation increases as students move through school.
False
Once a person's attachment style is developed, it does not change.
False
Physical health has little impact on intellectual abilities as we age.
False
Pitocin, the synthetic form of Oxytocin, is absolutely safe to be used regularly in labor.
False
Puberty typically lasts about 2 years.
False
Serious weight loss is the defining characteristic of bulimia.
False
Someone who is obsessed with you and needs frequent reassurance is a good mate choice because you know this person won't leave you.
False
The differences in values and attitudes between men and women are all biological in origin.
False
The key to raising self-esteem is to keep telling children they are special and wonderful.
False
The young-old are in their fifties and sixties and the old-old are age 70 and above.
False
Throughout history, marriage based on love that lasts a lifetime has always been the human "ideal."
False
It is infinitely safer to give birth in a hospital than it is at home with a skilled midwife.
Fasle
The three stages of prenatal development are called the_________, the ________, and the ________ stages.
Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal
Becoming parents tends to:
Increase the potential for conflicts centering on marital equity. Produce more traditional gender roles. Decrease marital satisfaction.
Why did Erikson label the developmental task of middle childhood "industry versus inferiority"?
It's the time when we first need to work to be successful.
Which man is likely to fear commitment—and shy away from getting involved?
Joe, with an avoidant attachment style
Which example describes how an attachment style becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy?
Laura is so needy and clingy that she causes the rejection she intensely fears. Lisa is so open, giving, and loving that everyone loves her back. Latiska is so distant and cold that she gets more isolated from people over time.
Which statement about the lifespan is most TRUE?
Our lifespan varies dramatically depending on our cohort, our socioeconomic status, our cultural background, and our gender.
What do social scientists mean when they say marriage has become "deinstitutionalized"?
People no longer see getting married as the only adult path—and have a number of choices apart from being married as adults.
The toxic effect of a teratogen is MOST likely to occur during the ________ of development; that is, when a specific system or organ is forming most rapidly.
Sensitive period
What forces influence when teens make the transition to intercourse (that is, become sexually active)?
Sexual behavior of their friends Media-watching practices Age at reaching puberty
Your friend was abused as a child. When she becomes a parent you can predict:
She may be passionate to be the best possible parent. She may decide never to lay a hand on her child. She may be more likely to abuse her child.
Name each parenting style: "The Smith's provide incredible love, but no discipline." "The Jones's are very strict, and don't allow deviations from the rules." "The Johnson's home is chaotic, with parents MIA in their children's lives."
Smith—permissive; Jones—authoritarian; Johnson—rejecting-neglecting
________ is an example of corporal punishment.
Spanking
According to David Elkind, why do young teens become angry, resentful, and rebellious?
They are entering formal operations, and so understand the contradictions between what adults say and how they really act.
If you hear someone described as a "generative person," you should think:
This person is committed to nurturing other people's development, and making a difference in the world.
Children in the preoperational stage focus on the way things immediately appear.
True
Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at the same time.
True
During implantation, the blastocyst embeds itself in the uterine wall.
True
Feeling "off time" in one's social clock can cause considerable distress.
True
In the teenage years, the frontal lobes, the brain's master planner, have not yet fully matured.
True
It is best for the newborn if the umbilical cord is cut after the placenta is delivered and the cord has stopped pulsing.
True
Parents who want to raise prosocial children should avoid using shame as a discipline strategy.
True
Someone who feels totally adrift and incapable of constructing an adult life is in identity diffusion.
True
Sperm can live for several days inside a woman's reproductive tract.
True
Studying for this test when you would rather go out and party is an executive function skill.
True
Pick the core change that happens in formal operations.
We can reason abstractly about ideas and hypothetical possibilities.
What does homogamy in mate selection mean?
We select people who are similar to us.
Pick the BEST example of gender schema theory.
When Marcie learns she is a girl, she imitates and plays close attention to how her mom and other women dress.
Under what conditions might it be important to adopt a more authoritarian parenting style?
You are a living in a harsh environment. You are living in a dangerous neighborhood. You are raising a child in a culture that puts a premium on respecting one's elders.
Jocasta has liked to draw from a young age. She gravitated to art classes in high school, majored in graphic design in college, and eventually became a successful commercial artist. A developmentalist would explain Jocasta's career path in terms of:
active forces.
Children at risk of having a troubled adolescence tend to be:
alienated from their parents and have had prior externalizing issues.
What phrase BEST characterizes the "fatherhood role" today?
an ambiguous, poorly defined job
Which child is MOST at risk for having mental health problems and getting into trouble during (and after) puberty?
an early-maturing girl
Joe tells you, "I want to be free to play the field. Commitment isn't for me." Josephine says, "When I'm in a relationship I expect my partner to be available 24/7 ONLY to me." Pick Joe and Josephine's respective attachment styles.
avoidant/dismissive; preoccupied/ambivalent
All predict a teenager making an earlier transition to intercourse EXCEPT:
being male
All are forces that can promote teenage body dissatisfaction EXCEPT:
being poor
Teenagers are MORE sensitive to ________ than adults.
being rejected by their peers
When Sammy sees mommy roll the thick ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie crust he says, "Now there is more dough, because it's bigger." His sister Sara tells Sammy "No, it's the same amount because mommy could just roll it back again and it would look the same." According to Piaget's framework, Sammy ________ and Sara ________.
can't conserve; can conserve
The term for any act that endangers children's emotional or physical well-being is:
child maltreatment.
Harmonious family and group relationships are all important in ________. Independence and achievement are highly valued in ________.
collectivist cultures; individualistic societies
Samantha wants to know if older people are wiser than younger people. So she gives 20-year-olds, 40-year-olds, and 60-year-olds a "wisdom test." Samantha is conducting a(n):
cross-sectional study.
Your best friend is getting married next week. Statistically speaking, you can predict that over the next decade her marital happiness will:
decline-steeply during the first few years—and then more slowly.
Newborn reflexes:
disappear as the cortex matures.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is MOST often diagnosed among:
elementary school boys.
Dr. Johnson is studying the effects of alcohol consumption on memory. He randomly assigns people to four groups. Three groups consume varying amounts of alcohol, and one group is given only soft drinks. This research design is called a(n):
experiment
Choose the correct sequence of events during the germinal stage.
fertilization, blastocyst, implantation
The basic marker that shapes life that is MOST enduring and the LEAST likely to change is our:
gender
A cohort refers to a:
group of people who were born around the same time.
You are using scaffolding in teaching baseball if you:
help the child hold a bat, have him practice, then, after he has mastered that step independently, move on to hitting the ball.
Theories in developmental science:
help us understand and predict why people act the way they do.
A boy thinks that everyone is constantly watching him and commenting on his behavior. A girl takes incredible risks because she thinks, I could never die. Pick the terms for these facets of adolescent egocentrism, in order.
imaginary audience; personal fable
When did Western nations fully develop the idea that marriage should be based on love and last for a lifetime?
in the early twentieth century
Parent/teen conflict tends to reach its peak:
in the middle of puberty when hormonal changes are at their height.
Give each child the correct "diagnosis" or label in order: "Judy is extremely anxious and depressed." "Jane acts disruptively and regularly gets into fights."
internalizing tendencies; externalizing tendencies
Erik Erikson felt that an important task in our twenties is to develop a sense of:
intimacy through a close partner relationship.
A teratogen
is a poisonous substance that crosses the placenta, harming the fetus.
All are true of emerging adulthood EXCEPT it:
is an unhappy life stage.
Infant mortality in the United States:
is high compared to other developed nations.
Pick the phrase that BEST describes the social clock norms in the U.S. today.
less rigid than in the past
Which influence is tied to increased obesity rates among today's children?
less time spent playing outdoors more television watching more meals eaten in restaurants
According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, our:
lives are shaped by many different influences—friends, family, school system, culture, and so forth.
For girls ________ is the FIRST sign of being able to have a child; the comparable sign for boys is called ________.
menarche; spermache
Carla is having trouble deciding on a career because she has so many interests; Carol is going to be a nurse because her family told her that was best; Cora doesn't have any interests and is frightened by the whole idea of being adult. Pick each emerging adult's identity status category, in order.
moratorium; foreclosure; diffusion
Statistically speaking, after divorce noncustodial fathers tend to become:
more disengaged from the children.
Pick a major CHANGE in relationships over the past few decades.
more interracial and interethnic dating
Your cousin is just entering her teens. You can predict all of the following during the next years EXCEPT:
more risk taking particularly when she is with friends.
Your psychology professor asks you to help her with her study of aggressive children. Your job is to go to a playground and record the frequency of aggressive acts among a sample of first graders. Your measurement technique is called:
naturalistic observation.
Dan suffers from serious depression and is periodically unable to work. Dora has pushed the envelope and searched out new challenges from the time she was young. Pick Dan and Dora's Big Five categories, in order.
neuroticism; openness to experience
If Tikana explores the relationship between college students' height and happiness and finds taller students are happier, she can conclude:
not much other than that there is a relationship. There may be many reasons to explain this association.
Theory of mind refers to:
our understanding that people live in different heads, and our ability to relate based on that knowledge.
Pick the relevant triangular theory of love poles: "She has a crush from afar on that handsome professor"; "He is your best friend, but the spark isn't there"; "She and her husband live totally separate lives, but they would never get a divorce."
passion; intimacy; commitment
"He only cares if he gets punished or rewarded." "He has a personal code of ethics that transcends what society says." "His morality is focused on what the culture says is legal or right." Pick each Kohlberg level of moral reasoning, in order.
preconventional; postconventional; conventional
Caliope is clingy, jealous and gets upset if her partner doesn't call and tell her he loves her several times a day. Caliope has a(n) ________ attachment style.
preoccupied/ambivalent.
Link each statement to the correct principle of prenatal development: "The arms form before the hands"; "The head forms before the feet."
proximodistal; cephalocaudal
Pick the example of autobiographical memory.
remembering details about your high school graduation
Jocasta complains, "I have way too much to do to do a decent job." Josh says, "My career doesn't leave me enough time to spend with my family." Pick the name for the relevant work issues these two people are describing, in order.
role overload; role conflict
Bill is caring and sensitive to his partner, capable of reaching out in love. Bill has a(n) ________ attachment style.
secure
Erikson's MAJOR contribution to the field of human development was:
spelling out the principle that we develop throughout the lifespan.
Pick the relevant Murstein stimulus-value-role theory phases, in order. Joey looks across the room and feels Jane might be right for him. Joey and Jane are figuring out their wedding plans. Joey and Jane are dating and trying to find out if they share values and ideas.
stimulus phase; role phase; value phase
If Martha goes into labor and gives birth during her twenty-fifth week of pregnancy, you can predict:
the baby has more than a fifty-fifty chance of surviving (with excellent medical care).
If you believe in Judith Harris's theory, in order to predict how children will act as adults, you should look to ________.
the behavior (and norms) of their peer group
According to Erikson, our life task during adolescence and emerging adulthood is deciding:
the kind of person we want to be as an adult.
Emerging adulthood refers to:
the time from the end of high school to the late twenties when young people are constructing an adult life.
A pregnant friend thinks, I can't wait for this baby to be born! This feeling is apt to be MOST intense during the:
third trimester
"The test measures the qualities it is supposed to measure." "The test yields roughly the same score if children take it more than once." Pick out the correct measurement terms, in order:
valid; reliable
The disadvantage of correlational studies is that they do not allow us to determine
what causes what
Before the twentieth century:
women often gave birth at home because hospitals were full of disease.
In the information processing framework, the act of transforming material into information we can later remember, occurs in:
working memory.
Quickening refers to the first:
time the mother feels the baby move.
Pick the pathway to producing a highly aggressive "antisocial" fourth grader:
yelling, screaming at, and spanking a difficult toddler and then the child gets rejected by his classmates in elementary school
Piaget was MOST interested in:
young children's strange ideas about the world.
If you have a daughter and son, all things being equal:
your daughter will be more likely to graduate from college, but still earn less than your son at work.
Which child would Robert Sternberg classify as successfully intelligent?
"Alisha, who gets As in her classes, plus thinks "out of the box," and has terrific street smarts
Dr. MacKenzie, a specialist in puberty, is giving a talk on males, females, hormones, and pubertal changes. Which statement will she make?
"Although both sexes produce testosterone, boys have far higher levels of this hormone than girls."
Pick the statement that ONLY Howard Gardner would make.
"I believe that human abilities come in eight (or nine) forms."
Which is NOT a normative transition?
Josephine has a terrible car accident at age 18.
is the term referring to one's income and level of education.
Socioeconomic status
Gangs serve what purpose?
They offer ways to make a living by selling drugs or stealing. They provide a sense of identity and status. They provide physical protection in a dangerous neighborhood.
A woman tells you, "I'm still passionately in love with my husband even though we've been married for 25 years. We have an incredibly intense romance." What should you be thinking?
This pattern is unusual but does happen.
Teenagers today feel more empowered to make their own personal sexual choices.
True
Give the BEST example of working memory.
You keep the number of your classroom constantly in your mind as you walk to class.
You want to describe U.S. rates of cesarean sections over the past 30 years. What phrase should you use?
a dramatic increase
Cami is living in poverty and just found out she is pregnant. According to the research, she:
can have a joyous pregnancy experience if she feels supported and loved.
Tikana decides to look at the relationship between college students' height and happiness. She is conducting a:
correlational study.
According to Susan Harter, self-esteem first becomes an important issue for children:
during elementary school.
If you are describing the rate of development during the embryonic stage, choose the best phrase.
fast-paced
Crystallized abilities refer to your ________, while fluid tasks involve your ________.
fund of knowledge; ability to reason quickly on unfamiliar tasks
Compared to other Western nations, U.S. teenage pregnancy rates are ________.
high
Monozygotic twins are referred to as ________, while dyzygotic twins are usually called ________.
identical; fraternal