Psych 1101 Chapter 4

a theory of mind.

A child's realization that others may have beliefs the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of:

a scaffold.

A framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking is known as:

longitudinal

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every three years is conducting a(n) _____________ study.

intimacy versus isolation

According to Erik Erikson, at what stage of life do people struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for romantic love?

moral intuitionist view.

According to Jonathan Haidt, the mind makes moral judgments the way it makes aesthetic judgments: quickly and automatically. This is known as the:

preconventional morality

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age 9 have a __________________ of self-interest.

impulsiveness

According to research on the stability of temperament, which of the following is the MOST stable over time?

29 for men and 27 for women.

Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States has increased more than five years since 1960, to:

midlife crisis

Aja is worried that as her husband approaches his 40th birthday he will become depressed and unhappy with his life, and that he will begin to seek out adventure and younger women to help compensate for these feelings. Studies indicate that very few men (or women) go through this sort of:

have positive feelings, with negative ones subsiding.

Compared to younger people, older people are more likely to:

more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

Compared with children with authoritarian parents, children of authoritative parents are:

250

During intercourse, human males release some __________ million sperm.

fetal alcohol syndrome.

Emma has just given birth to a 6-pound baby girl. Her infant's head is small and slightly disproportioned. Emma did drink alcohol while she was pregnant, although it is not clear to the physician how much or how often she drank. It is possible that her infant has:

easy

Ever since she was 3 weeks old, Emily has been a contented baby who has slept and eaten well and adapted easily to new experiences. A developmental psychologist would probably describe Emily's temperament as:

75

Fatal car accidents increase after the age of __________, especially when measured per miles driven.

authoritative

Garry's parents set firm rules, but they are responsive to his needs. They give him a chance to explain himself and also explain their position on why they cannot allow him to stay out past midnight, and so on. Garry's parents have which type of parenting style?

gradual decrease in testosterone

Harry is now in his mid-50s, so he can expect to experience a:

myelin

In adolescence the growth of _____, the fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission, enables better communication with other brain regions.

a higher tendency to be impulsive and have addiction issues.

In follow-up studies with children who demonstrated delayed gratification during preschool years, researchers found all of the following EXCEPT:

pneumonia.

Jenny is in her seventies, and she is in remarkably good health. If she were to worry about getting sick, she should probably worry most about:

middle adulthood

Lee is a 40-year-old banker. Which stage of development is he in?

permissive

Leon's parents divorced when he was 5. His father has moved out of state, and his mother is kept busy with trying to keep a roof over their heads. Leon is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles at school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Leon to come and go as he pleases, she rarely if ever punishes him, and she gives in to whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and the fact that Leon doesn't have much contact with his father. Leon's mother has which type of parenting style?

Nothing can reverse the decline associated with aging.

Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output begin to decline in the late 20s. Research has shown that these processes of aging can be reversed by:

an underdeveloped frontal lobe

One reason many adolescents are impulsive, emotional, and prone to risky behavior without weighing the consequences is due to:

when one is maturing sexually.

Puberty is a time:

continuity

Researchers who emphasize experience and learning see development in terms of its _____.

She will never learn language as the critical period for language development has passed.

Selby is 15 years old and has been devastatingly neglected her entire life. She has never been exposed to spoken language. What is the likelihood that she will learn language now?

75

Sexual desire tends to wane after the age of:

fetus

The _____ is the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

embryo

The _____ is the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

zygote, embryo, fetus.

The correct order of prenatal development is:

pubertal hormonal surge and limbic system development

Thirteen-year-old Abigail is getting more involved in risky behaviors, which has her mother very worried. Abigail is also more impulsive and emotionally volatile than she used to be. What is the most likely explanation for Abigail's behavior?

conventional morality

Those in this stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral thinking believe that laws are needed to maintain social order.

formal operations

When adolescents achieve the intellectual summit that Jean Piaget called _____, they apply their new abstract reasoning tools to the world around them.

remembers the older, original stimulus, thus making the new stimulus seem different

When an infant gazes more intently at a new stimulus compared to an older stimulus, researchers conclude that the infant recognizes that stimulus as being new. It follows that the infant:

ten days after conception

When does the zygote attach to the uterine wall?

secure

When parents are consistently warm with and responsive to their infant, the infant is likely to develop a(n) _____ attachment to the parents.

temperament

Which of the following characteristics appears to be the MOST stable over time?

The placenta

Which of the following refers to what began as a zygote's outer cells and screens out many harmful substances that might be dangerous to the developing embryo and fetus?

Her hearing, distance perception, and sense of smell are diminishing.

Your grandmother is in her early 80s, and she is starting to seem frail to you. Based on what you know about general abilities of the elderly, which of the following are you likely to notice about her abilities?

assimilation

Zack was at the park with his father and excitedly pointed to a squirrel and exclaimed, "Kitty, kitty." His father pointed out that this was a squirrel, not a kitty. Zack's labeling of the animal best illustrates the process of:

Puberty

____ is the time when we mature sexually.

Social identity

_____ is the "we" aspect of our self-concept that comes from our group memberships.

Adolescence

_____ is the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.