psych 11.1,11.2,11.3,12.1

The line study conducted by Asch is a prime example of what process? a. Normative influence b. Informational influence c. Influential change d. Obedience

Normative influence

When people are worried about what other think of them and decide to go along with the crowd is known as what? a. Descriptive norms b. Informational influence c. Normative influence d. Conformity

Normative influence

What is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors? a. Persuasion b. Obedience c. Conformity d. Reactance

Persuasion

Complementary views for assessing and understanding a phenomenon in psychology are referred to as levels of _____, and they range from the most general to the most specific. a. appraisal b. analysis c. evaluation d. science

analysis

________ are opinions, feelings, and beliefs that a person holds about another person, a concept, or a group. a. Attitudes b. Sublimations c. Affects d. Attributions

attitudes

Exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive messages helps participants resist persuasion. What is this effect called? reactance inoculation door-in-the-face stinging

inoculation

Research on social pressure and conformity suggests which of the following factors can help individuals resist conformity in a group? a. being from a collectivist society with the desire to prove one's competence b. observing just one person disagreeing with the majority c. being observed by other members, which increases individual accuracy d. a very large group size, which decreases pressure on individuals

observing just one person disagreeing with the majority

Much of what we do, as individuals in society, is a reflection of: a. how we define ourselves b. those we encounter c. authority figures d. personal differences

those we encounter

Which processing route focuses on logic and relevant material? a. Heuristic b. Peripheral c. Schema d. Central

Central

The tendency to act like those around us and be influenced by what they do is called? a. Conformity b. Obedience c. Normative influence d. Informational influence

Conformity

What do we rely on in situations in which there are no clear societal norms? a. Interpersonal relations b. Influence c. Peer pressure d. Descriptive norms

Descriptive norms

When a bartender offers you a free taste, you feel obligated to purchase the drink. This is an example of: a. the sunk cost trap b. reciprocity c. and that's not all d. social proof

reciprocity

What is the area of social psychology that focuses on how people think about others and about the social world? a. social attitudes b. social cognition c. social thoughts and emotions d. socialprediction

social cognition

In Asch's line study roughly _______ of participants gave at least one wrong answer. a. 26% b. 51% c. 76% d. 100%

76%

Which of the following is the best definition of self-efficacy? a. A feeling like you have the power to change your environment and behavior if you need or want to b. A belief that one can perform adequately in a given situation c. The size of one's social network or number of social roles d. Cynical thoughts and feelings related to the self

A feeling like you have the power to change your environment and behavior if you need or want to

Which factor decreased the rates of obedience in studies conducted by Milgram? a. Seeing other participants refusing to press the shock levers b. When the instructions to continue came from another participant c. When the person being shocked was in the same room as the participant d. All of the above

All of the above

What is it when behaviors provide an advantage or disadvantage to people based on group membership? a. Discrimination b. Stereotypes c. Self-categorization theory d. Prejudice

Discrimination

What is an example of the positive feelings type of happiness? a. High self-esteem b. Rarely sad c. Job satisfaction d. Enjoying life

Enjoying life

What is the definition of stressors? a. Events that affect people physiologically b. Events or experiences that induce psychological and/or physiological stress c. Traumatic events that disrupt homeostasis and one's ability to cope d. Psychological beliefs that interfere with the ability to function optimally

Events or experiences that induce psychological and/or physiological stress

Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience and more recent replications have shown that: a. Under conditions similar to Milgram's, about 90% of people would shock others if ordered to do so by a credible figure from a respected institution. b. Participants in the Milgram studies who believed they were shocking victims to the maximum displayed significant distress in later follow up. c. Female participants obediently shocked the experimental victim at a rate similar to males in the Milgram and other studies which was approximately 65% of participants. d. For the minority who resisted the shocking orders, they were more likely to resist early, and were more likely to be female participants.

Female participants obediently shocked the experimental victim at a rate similar to males in the Milgram and other studies which was approximately 65% of participants

Milgram's obedience study demonstrated what factor in participants willing to shock others to an extreme level? a. Previous participants did the study and they wanted to fit in b. Generally people are bad c. Inability to see the person get shocked d. Following orders from an authority figure

Following orders from an authority figure

Lulu has never been to the United States and is unsure what behavior is socially appropriate in certain situations. As a result, she conforms by going along with the crowd in order to understand the norm. Which of the following terms BEST describes this example? a. Normative influence b. Informational influence c. Asch influence d. Collectivist influence

Informational influence

Thirty-eight percent of people report using the internet and having it influence their decision to see a doctor. While the internet has an important role, which of the following is a concern doctors have over the average person turning to the internet for medical advice? a. Finding non-FDA approved alternatives to prescription drugs b. Getting free advice thereby decreasing doctor visits c. Judging the credibility of information based on irrelevant factors d. Sharing personal information over the Internet that might be stolen

Judging the credibility of information based on irrelevant factors

What were the main findings from Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome? a. Daily hassles, although not traumatic, can have large impacts on health b. Participants who were less stressed were less likely to get sick when exposed to a cold virus c. Assessing biological, psychological, and social factors are all important in the development of diseases d. Phases of stress, including arousal, coping, and exhaustion, was first discovered while studying rats

Phases of stress, including arousal, coping, and exhaustion, was first discovered while studying rats

Which is NOT one of the routes of processing? a. Central b. Peripheral c. Sequential d. None of the above

Sequential

______ describes the tendency to favor one's own in-group over another's outgroup. Prejudice The stereotype content model Social identity theory Aversive racism

Social identity theory

Dr. Chui is trying to make recommendations to her client, Gary, to increase his subjective well-being. In this scenario, Dr. Chui is likely to do which of the following? a. Recommend he moves to a more developed nation with sufficient resources to support his desired way of living b. Tailor specific feedback for Gary since no one single recommendation is appropriate for everyone c. Ask for suggestions from his family, coworkers, and friends to give him insights from the people who know him best d. Suggest he boosts his immune system and donates to charity since these are things happy people tend to experience and do

Tailor specific feedback for Gary since no one single recommendation is appropriate for everyone

___________ relies on psychological techniques; whereas, ______________ emphasizes communicating objective information. a. Persuasion; heuristics b. The peripheral route processing; the central route processing c. Trigger features; authority d. The central route processing; the peripheral route processing

The peripheral route processing; the central route processing

Why do some salespeople try to start a new interaction by asking for something small from a potential customer? (e.g., "Just answer one quick question") They know getting small acts of cooperation may lead to larger actions in the same direction. They believe that being friendly will influence someone to consider buying their merchandise. They are utilizing what is well known in persuasion research as "inoculation". They are hoping one person's cooperation will convince others nearby to follow the lead.

They know getting small acts of cooperation may lead to larger actions in the same direction.

What is the most effective way to protect from being persuaded? a. To accept just how vulnerable we are b. The inoculation method c. Using psychological reactance d. The stinging method

To accept just how vulnerable we are

Which behavior type is considered at a higher risk for heart disease? a. Type B Behavior b. Hostility Type Behavior c. Reactive Type Behavior d. Type A Behavior

Type A Behavior

What factors increase your susceptibility to social proof? a. Confliction and attraction b. Investment and contradiction c. Uncertainty and similarity d. Comparison and ambiguity

Uncertainty and similarity

According to research what is one of the most stressful events in a person's life? a. When attempts to cooperate are frustrated b. When they are engaged in competition against other people. c. When their aspirations are greater than their current circumstances. d. When they experience a loss of a relationship.

When they experience a loss of a relationship.

What is one of the implications of the Triad of Trustworthiness? a. Critical trust in an authority figure can be problematic b. Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three factors c. Attractive people tend to be seen as less intelligent d. Honesty is the strongest leg of the triangle

Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three factors

Listening to your friend's advice for the best place to get ice cream over an ad that states the same place as the best ice cream shop in town is based on what technique? a. Word of mouth b. Testimonials c. Endorsements d. Message as education

a. Word of mouth

What is considered the future of health psychology? a. Developing interventions to reduce the prevalence of preventable illness b. Develop apps to remind and monitor positive health behaviors c. Treat and manage symptoms and illnesses as they arise d. A focus on understanding severe illnesses

a. Developing interventions to reduce the prevalence of preventable illness

The study of ______, which is a major topic of focus for social psychologists, examines the psychological process involved in having a sexual interest in another person. a. attraction b. social influence c. attitudes d. persuasion

attraction

Shortly after she gets to her new college, 2500 miles away from home Tomasa goes to the school's activity fair to find some groups to join. She immediately signs up to audition for two different musical clubs, which are her interest. Her desire to join these groups may help to satisfy her need to _____. a. become actualized b. excel c. achieve d. belong

belong

What is the highest level of analysis in psychology? a. behavior b. physiology c. relationships and groups d. culture and the environment

culture and the environment

Devin is interviewing candidates to work at the cash register in his convenience store. When Margaret applies, she indicates on her application that she has been in rehab for drug addiction, and that she has been clean and sober for over 3 years. Devin decides not to hire her, because he thinks people with drug habits are not trustworthy. Devin's actions are demonstrating ______.

discrimination

Oscar would like to go to a movie without supervision. To try and get what he wants, he starts by asking his mom if he can go on a trip to the Rollercoaster Park with just his friends. When his mom says no, like he predicted, he goes on to ask if he can at least go to the movies by himself. Oscar's strategy in asking to go to the movies is an example of what persuasion trick? foot in the door reactance door in the face sunk costs

door in the face

The tendency to overemphasize the importance of personality factors when explaining someone else's behaviors while overemphasizing situational factors when explaining your own behaviors, is called the ______. a. ultimate attribution error b. heuristic backtracking error c. fundamental attribution error d. confirmatory bias

fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is an example of manipulating the trustworthiness of a speaker? having the speaker ask for a big request and then ask for the smaller request that was desired all along have the speaker give a gift before requesting a favor have the speaker present his/her message as educational or objective information have the speaker present his/her message to a new audience he/she has not met before

have the speaker present his/her message as educational or objective information

Conformity and obedience are two widely researched forms of social ____ that have received attention in the field of social psychology. a. attitude b. cognition c. infiltration d. influence

influence

Which research method is used in social psychology to avoid the problem of having participants change their thoughts or behaviors as a result of being watched? a. naturalistic observation b. formal experiments c. quasi-experiments d. laboratory studies

naturalistic observation

Hammond has just started working at a new job stacking items at the supermarket. He notices that most of his colleagues do stretching exercises before they begin their shift. To fit in with the others and to avoid any disapproval, Hammond also begins to do the stretching exercises. Which of the following concepts explains Hammond's behavior? normative influence informational influence obedience fixed action patterns

normative influence

If a researcher is studying how people react to a command of an authority figure, then he/she are most likely studying what? a. Conformity b. Ethical standards c. Obedience d. Persuasion

obedience

Physically attractive people experience many benefits in life. Particularly, more physically attractive people have an easier time persuading others. Which characteristic is an example of why this occurs? Physically attractive people are seen as less intelligent. Physically attractive people are perceived as having higher moral character. Physically attractive people are seen as unkind. Physically attractive people are perceived as less successful.

physically attractive people are perceived as having higher moral character

In order to study fear, a neuroscientist connects Natalie to an electroenceopalograph (EEG) and then shows her a brief video of scary animals. These include wasps, snakes, and alligators. He then observes at Natalie shows activation in her amygdala. At which level of analysis has this scientist made his observations? a. chemistry/DNA b. thoughts/feelings/perceptions c. behaviors d. physiology

physiology

Albert has a large project due to his boss by the end of the week. Although it's stressful, Albert makes a step-by-step to-do list to ensure he can accomplish the project on time. Albert is displaying what type of coping? problem-focused coping emotion-focused coping retroactive-focused coping meaning-focused coping

problem-focused coping

Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but because of __________ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand shoes for himself by the following week. social proof reciprocity foot in the door scarcity

social proof

The reason that a "foot-in-the-door" sales pitch technique works is that it a. takes advantage of your need to be consistent. b. encourages you to like the salesperson. c. reduces the chance of attribution errors. d. lowers your feelings of self-esteem.

takes advantage of your need to be consistent

Subjective well-being is influenced by which of the following factors? right-handedness productivity temperament citizenship

temperament

Jessica thinks the guy who cut her off on the freeway is a jerk. When she needs to exist herself, she cuts off the driver next to her as she switches lanes. She does not believe that she, herself, is a jerk; instead she thinks the situation led to her behavior. This is an example of: the fundamental attribution error social cognition prejudice the conformity effect

the fundamental attribution error

Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry? social proof authority compliance word of mouth maven endorsements

word of mouth