Psych 120 Final Exam
Which of these statements applies to the topic of attention? The distinction between System 1 (hot/fast) and System 2 (cold/slow) is irrelevant. None of these are true. "Attention" refers to the process of holding an object in awareness in a way that makes it available for action. Attention is generally improving with each generation.
"Attention" refers to the process of holding an object in awareness in a way that makes it available for action.
According to the reading by Dr. Greg Cajete, "Embodied Knowing" involves "Creative participation," where the knower and the known are deeply interdependent. Knowledge that is not at all contextual. Complete control of nature. Avoiding the influences of your own, personal experiences.
"Creative participation," where the knower and the known are deeply interdependent.
In response to a stress, one may enter "fight. flight, freeze" mode, which involves the sympathetic nervous system. After returning to baseline, what mode would one usually enter? "sleep and dream," involving mostly the tripathic nervous system. "Feed and breed," involving primarily the parasympathetic nervous system. "treat and complete," involving the positive nervous system. "heal and deal," involving primarily the central nervous system.
"Feed and breed," involving primarily the parasympathetic nervous system.
Some cells in (or on) the human body are not human cells; instead, they are various kinds of non-human cells, such as bacteria or protozoa. Approximately what percentage of cells in a human body are not human cells? 0-20%. 50 to 90%. 20-30%. 30-40%.
50 to 90%.
Which of these statements applies to a "bottom up" process in the context of attention? A bottom up process is driven primarily by cortical regions in the brain. A bottom up process is usually unconscious. A bottom up process is the main element in voluntary attention. A bottom up process is involved when we mindfully observe sensations in the body.
A bottom up process is usually unconscious. A bottom up process is the main element in voluntary attention. A bottom up process is involved when we mindfully observe sensations in the body.
Germ-free mice do not have the microorganisms that normally constitute a microbiome in the gut. Which of these statements is generally true about germ-free mice? The negative impacts of lacking a microbiome in the gut can be reversed through fecal transplant. They exhibit deficits in social functioning. They have exaggerated stress responses. They exhibit anxiety-like behavior All of these answers are generally true in regard to germ-free mice.
All of these answers are generally true in regard to germ-free mice.
What is true of allostatic load? All of these are true Emotional stressors are part of allostatic load Food insecurity can be part of allostatic load Lack of supportive relationships are part of allostatic load
All of these are true
According to Dr. Davidson, what is true about attention? As William James wrote, an education that enhanced attention would be the education par excellence. Attention is the apex of the learning pyramid. Attention cannot be itself improved, but the conditions for attention can be managed. Attention is a basic biological process that is completely distinct from and unaffected by our voluntary intentions or actions.
As William James wrote, an education that enhanced attention would be the education par excellence.
One lesson from the story of Kisa Gotami is Change, even if painful, can be an opportunity to see the influence of ideology the slow nature of system 1 thinking the fact that we are not at all conditioned by ideology the infant mortality rate in ancient India
Change, even if painful, can be an opportunity to see the influence of ideology
A scientific study looked at in lecture demonstrating the impact of experience on the brain is: The lack of change over the lifetime due to the fixed nature of genetics An enlarged frontal lobe due to regular consumption of milkshakes Changes in brain anatomy observed in London taxi drivers All of these answers are correct
Changes in brain anatomy observed in London taxi drivers
Two examples that Dr. Goldberg gave regarding how mindfulness can be used in working toward change include (select two): Dr. Janet Winston's use of mindfulness in climate activism Protests of the American War in Vietnam by monks during the 1960s Dekila Chungyalpa and the Loka Initiative The racial justice work of Rhonda Magee
Dekila Chungyalpa and the Loka Initiative The racial justice work of Rhonda Magee
In the "Coping After a Natural Disaster" podcast, what was NOT one of primary strategies used to provide mental health assistance? Helping survivors identify what's meaningful to them Distributing anti-anxiety medications to survivors Actively listening to survivors Accentuating survivors' strengths
Distributing anti-anxiety medications to survivors
In Dr. Rosenkranz's lecture, what factor does not contribute to building resilience through experiencing stress? Eating enough protein-rich foods. A sense of safety. Experiencing mild stressors early in life. A supportive environment.
Eating enough protein-rich foods.
The James-Lange Theory of Emotion suggests that (select one): This is a trick question - there is no such thing as the James-Lange Theory of Emotion. Emotion is the awareness of the physical response that arises due to a stimulus. The valence of arousal determines the emotion. Emotions enable rational decision making
Emotion is the awareness of the physical response that arises due to a stimulus.
What did Noah Yuval Harari feel would be valuable in future job markets? Emotional intelligence Focus on math and science None of these are true Choose a major in a growth profession
Emotional intelligence
According to Dr. Feldman Barrett's TedTalk, which is true of emotion? (select one) Emotions are built and we have more agency over them than we realize Emotions are built-in at birth and there's little we can do to change them None of these are true. Emotions are finely tuned perceptions of bodily experiences
Emotions are built and we have more agency over them than we realize
In the Schachter-Singer experiment (1962), which of the following were hypotheses that the experimenters held to be true? (select one) Every emotion has its distinct physiology. The Affective Circumplex is an accurate predictor of how a person responds to adrenaline pills. Emotions are related to physical arousal in general, but no specific state of arousal is related to any specific emotion. This experiment demonstrated how emotions help guide effective decision making.
Emotions are related to physical arousal in general, but no specific state of arousal is related to any specific emotion.
Which of these are key features of Construction/Appraisal Theories about emotions? (select one) Emotions result from a conceptual judgment about an affective state. None of these are true. Emotions are universal and basic. Internal and external circumstances are irrelevant to the way we conceptualize emotions.
Emotions result from a conceptual judgment about an affective state.
As a result of inattentional blindness, what might occur? Even though something is within our field of vision, we won't be able to report that we saw that thing because it is not relevant to our values or goals. Due to being inattentive, one's vision might temporarily blackout for a moment. We tend to notice unimportant things and therefore fail to see what we really care about. Because we are noticing absolutely everything in our field of vision, we become overwhelmed and can't see any more.
Even though something is within our field of vision, we won't be able to report that we saw that thing because it is not relevant to our values or goals.
Which of these statements about the Cooperation Thesis are true? Cooperation that is not driven by instinctual behaviors is rare in humans. Evolutionary selection favors humans that cooperate well. Evolutionary selection favors humans that are independent and competitive. Alloparenting is not needed for human infants to survive.
Evolutionary selection favors humans that cooperate well.
Dereification is a cognitive capacity trained through mindfulness practice. Dereification is a process that involves... Experiencing one's thoughts as true representations of reality. Entering into a trance-like state where everything is "dereified," that is, unreal. Experiencing one's thoughts just as thoughts, and not as true representations of reality. Avoiding one's thoughts as much as possible.
Experiencing one's thoughts just as thoughts, and not as true representations of reality.
Which of these takes a "hedonic" approach to flourishing? Flourishing means something more than pleasure, such that one can still flourish in the face of suffering. Flourishing only comes through pain. Flourishing is impossible. Flourishing is all about feeling pleasure.
Flourishing is all about feeling pleasure.
Which of these would be suitable to an "eudaemonic" approach to flourishing? lourishing is impossible. Flourishing is all about money and power. Flourishing means that one can still be leading a meaningful life even in the face of suffering. Flourishing is all about feeling pleasure.
Flourishing means that one can still be leading a meaningful life even in the face of suffering.
What are the "Universal Six" emotions? (select one) Happiness, Sadness, Disappointment, Fear, Disgust, Surprise Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Anticipation, Disgust, Surprise Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Fear, Disgust, Surprise Hope, Sadness, Anger, Fear, Disgust, Surprise
Happiness, Sadness, Anger, Fear, Disgust, Surprise
In the "Feeling Connected" learn segment in the Healthy Minds app, it was suggested that healthy social relationships do what? It's important to exercise with a group to stay healthy. Healthy relationships support physical health, though not as much as quitting smoking does. Healthy relationships support physical health even more than losing weight or physical exercise do. None of these were mentioned in that lecture.
Healthy relationships support physical health even more than losing weight or physical exercise do.
When asked to describe their philosophy on life, a person might say, "Have a good time, all the time...." What philosophical approach to flourishing are they closest to? Copernican Deontological Hedonia Eudaimonia
Hedonia
Charo's lecture on Wednesday suggested that the arts can (select two): Make money. Change the world. Bankrupt artists. Help people understand each other.
Help people understand each other.
In the Healthy Minds app learn segment entitled, "Connection: The Second Pillar of Well-being," what was considered a very important part of our relationships? Whether the relationships are with relatives or friends. Their duration. The number of relationships. How we feel about our relationships.
How we feel about our relationships.
How does the tendency toward compassion in humans make sense in terms of the Cooperation Thesis? Humans in a group with many compassionate individuals will cooperate better because they will test the loyalty of other group members. Human infants are especially vulnerable, and compassionate humans will be more likely to take care of them. Compassionate humans will restrict cooperative groups in a way that excludes the vulnerable. Compassion is a form of hierarchically distributed cognition that is necessary for all cooperation.
Human infants are especially vulnerable, and compassionate humans will be more likely to take care of them.
Thinking about the metaphor of "glasses" used by Žižek to discuss ideology, which of these makes most sense? Our natural state is free of biases, so to be free of bias, we just have to get rid of our ideology, like taking off a pair of glasses. Ideology is like a pair of cracked glasses, so you should wear contacts. Ideology is completely ingrained in us, so to notice it, we have to put on the "glasses" of awareness. Ideology is not a problem at all, like a clean pair of glasses.
Ideology is completely ingrained in us, so to notice it, we have to put on the "glasses" of awareness.
Why is self-loathing an obstacle to mindfulness practice? Self-loathing, which was a traditional Buddhist problem, makes one too tired to practice effectively. If one has self loathing, one will be averse to one's own experience. And if one is averse to one's own experience, one will want to avoid it, rather than examine it closely. Self-loathing tends to make one focus especially strongly on one's thoughts, and that type of focus is not useful for mindfulness. This is a trick question. Self-loathing actually helps one to develop mindfulness.
If one has self loathing, one will be averse to one's own experience. And if one is averse to one's own experience, one will want to avoid it, rather than examine it closely.
Mindfulness practice is best facilitated by sustaining an attitude that does not involve aversion. Why is it important to be non-aversive in the context of mindfulness? Aversion is generally a good thing, but not in this context. An aversive stance will make one more likely to focus too tightly on the object. If you are averse to your own experience, you will not be able to examine it. Experience is naturally aversive, and mindfulness is trying to work against all of one's natural tendencies.
If you are averse to your own experience, you will not be able to examine it.
Both experimentally and as a clinical treatment, fecal transplants can be used to alter the microbiome. What can happen from fecal transplant? In addition to transferring the organisms that constitute the microbiome of the donor, some aspects of that donor's temperament can also be transferred. When the fecal transplant occurs, the recipient becomes basically identical to the donor. Generally, only the fecal matter is transplanted, but the donor's microbiome has no effect on the recipient. None of these statements are true about fecal transplants.
In addition to transferring the organisms that constitute the microbiome of the donor, some aspects of that donor's temperament can also be transferred.
Which of these is true of the systems theory approach that has been discussed during Interdependence week? In general, while a system itself may depend on its components, the components are in no way dependent on or influenced by their existence within a system. In general, systems rarely overlap, such that one system stands apart from all other systems in a completely independent way. In general, any system (such as the human brain) is embedded within other systems (such as the human body) and also emerges from the interaction of component systems (such as individual neurons). In general, social systems rarely change.
In general, any system (such as the human brain) is embedded within other systems (such as the human body) and also emerges from the interaction of component systems (such as individual neurons).
What is "attention capture"? It refers to deliberate, voluntary attention on an object. It happens when you capture an object with your attention. It happens when attention is involuntarily oriented to a stimulus. It happens when the captured object is brought into attention by the motor cortex.
It happens when attention is involuntarily oriented to a stimulus.
What might cause an emergent system to break down? It lacks the kind of chaos or randomness in the components that facilitates dynamic responses to changes in the system's environment. None of these are causes for the breakdown of an emergent system. It has no one to make it emerge. It has too many components.
It lacks the kind of chaos or randomness in the components that facilitates dynamic responses to changes in the system's environment.
A dereified thought becomes less intense or just dissipates altogether. Why? Thoughts depend on cognitive effort, so it is not possible to repeatedly think about something. It loses its salience because it is no longer taken to be real. It becomes more salient because it seems so real. All of these answers are correct.
It loses its salience because it is no longer taken to be real.
Which of these is NOT true of "voluntary attention"? It requires effort, and is thus related to System 2. It is primarily "top down." It occurs automatically. It includes a sense of agency.
It occurs automatically.
Which of these is NOT true of neuroplasticity? It only occurs in a relatively young brain. It can involve the growth of new neurons or the emergence of new connections among neurons. It can happen as the result of deliberate training or simply through exposure to an experience. It was a groundbreaking idea for neuroscience, since previously scientists thought that the brain stopped changing in adulthood.
It only occurs in a relatively young brain.
Which of these is NOT true of "System 1" thinking? It requires more cognitive resources than System 2 It is fast. It mostly has to do with predictions. It is active when we are engaged in activities that feel "automatic."
It requires more cognitive resources than System 2
John Cage's musical composition "4'33" is notable for: Lacking anything traditionally considered to be music The unique harmonies played by the string section Bringing one's attention to the present moment through the subtle use of rhythm Featuring lyrics that guide the listener through a meditative practice
Lacking anything traditionally considered to be music The unique harmonies played by the string section
What was Dr. Goldberg's unique definition of mindfulness? Mindfulness as paying attenton to all moments of time simultaneously, carefully weighing the quality of each and thereby gaining the freedom to choose the present that one wishes to inhabit Mindfulness as the radical possibility that whatever is happening right now is okay to connect with Mindfulness as the training of the rambunctious "elephant mind" through rigorous daily practice Mindfulness as an ancient Buddhist ascetic practice motivated by a desire to escape from cyclic existence
Mindfulness as the radical possibility that whatever is happening right now is okay to connect with
Dr. Angela Davis asks the question, "In a racially unjust world, what good is mindfulness?" To this question, the main answers provided by Dr. Wicker include (select all that apply): Mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety, help heal wounds of inequity and of living in an oppressive system Mindfulness can help to cure racism through increasing awareness of the interconnectedness of all beings Mindfulness can help individuals become more aware of how implicit and explicit bias and racism move through their bodies and thoughts Mindfulness can provide insight and space for people and organizations to respond and not always react
Mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety, help heal wounds of inequity and of living in an oppressive system Mindfulness can help individuals become more aware of how implicit and explicit bias and racism move through their bodies and thoughts Mindfulness can provide insight and space for people and organizations to respond and not always react
The MBSR program underlies the vast majority of contemporary mindfulness approaches. MBSR stands for: Mindfulness-Based Stress Repression Mindfulness-Based Social Response Mindful, Beneficial, Social and Responsive Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
During the "Connect the Dots" exercise, Dr. Wicker encouraged students several times to: Think outside of the box in order to tap into creative solutions that may not initially be obvious Keep trying until they get the correct answer, no matter how long it takes Notice the feelings and sensation occurring in their bodies as they worked to solve the puzzle Watch their breath carefully as they work, observing how this focus contributes to their problem-solving ability
Notice the feelings and sensation occurring in their bodies as they worked to solve the puzzle
What is the main takeaway from the "Mind Over Milkshake" study? One's mindset can actually alter the function of the digestive system None of these are true Scientists showed that calories don't exist Drinking the nutritional shake can improve your immune system
One's mindset can actually alter the function of the digestive system
What is "joint intentionality"? Otherwise known as "theory of mind," it involves attributing cognitive and/or affective mental states to someone else. It occurs between two people. It refers to the decision to engage in an activity with another person. Joint intentionality occurs when two decision paths meet at a "joint" or juncture. Joint intentionality occurs when a group of humans engage in a cooperative task together in such a way that they are aware of their intentions as a group.
Otherwise known as "theory of mind," it involves attributing cognitive and/or affective mental states to someone else. It occurs between two people.
What is the operational definition of mindfulness discussed in class? Paying attention in a particular way: continuously, and with maximal effort. Paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally. Paying attention in a particular way: with dereification and meta-awareness. Paying attention, without intention, in the present moment, and explicitly.
Paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally.
Which of these is NOT one of the main dimensions of our model of flourishing? Awareness Connection Personality Integration Insight
Personality
Which of these is NOT a subjective factor in the assessment of a stressor? Prior experience: perceived success or failure Prefrontal dysregulation Locus of control: internal or external Availability of resources: sufficient or insufficient
Prefrontal dysregulation
Homeostasis is: Processes that living things use to maintain relatively stable conditions necessary for life Another word for evolutionary mismatch The process of your system returning to baseline None of these are true
Processes that living things use to maintain relatively stable conditions necessary for life
From the standpoint of those who critique some aspects of the psychological account of resilience, which of these is true? Resilience is not just a matter of "grit"; conditions beyond the individual are also highly relevant to one's capacity for flourishing. Resilience is really the responsibility of each individual, and the influence of systems is not relevant. None of these are true. Resources should be restricted to resilient people only.
Resilience is not just a matter of "grit"; conditions beyond the individual are also highly relevant to one's capacity for flourishing.
One common element across many traditions appears to be self-transcendence. In Wednesday's lecture, Dr. Chambers also mentioned ______________________, which can be defined as bringing one to themselves. grit Self-immanence the impossibility of learning skills for flourishing self-reliance
Self-immanence
What is "shared intentionality"? Shared intentionality occurs when a group of humans engage in a cooperative task together in such a way that they are aware of their intentions as a group. It is more than just joint intentionality between two people. Otherwise known as "theory of mind," it involves attributing cognitive and/or affective mental states to someone else. Shared intentionality refers to the sharing of thoughts and intentions with non-human primates. Shared intentionality is another term for joint intentionality.
Shared intentionality occurs when a group of humans engage in a cooperative task together in such a way that they are aware of their intentions as a group. It is more than just joint intentionality between two people.
Which of these is an example of allostasis? All of these are true. The mismatch that occurs when the response is disproportionate to the stimulus. Shivering in response to a drop in body temperature. When core body temperature elevates by more than 6-degrees.
Shivering in response to a drop in body temperature.
Based on what you have learned so far, which one of the items in this list would be most important for flourishing? Good grades Perfect health This is a trick question -- nothing here is important for flourishing. Social connection
Social connection
According to Paul Ekman's Basic Emotions Theory, there are at least some basic emotions shared across all cultures that manifest in specific physiological states, including facial expressions. Which of these are critiques of that theory? (select one) Basic emotions are impossible because human physiology is too variable. Specific emotions such as fear can result in radically different behaviors. In some populations, the brain's anger center is in the left hemisphere. None of these are true.
Specific emotions such as fear can result in radically different behaviors.
Which of these situations involves primarily "System 2" thinking? Driving a car (after having learned to do so for many years). Taking the time to notice one's biases and assumptions when you first meet somebody. All of these answers are correct. Opening a door.
Taking the time to notice one's biases and assumptions when you first meet somebody.
Which of these is not an aspect of mindfulness practice? meta-awareness dereification None of these are true Task set aversion
Task set aversion
What is Mental Time Travel? The ability to mentally travel to other times in one's imagination, although this never occurs in ways that feel like a realistic simulation. The ability to mentally project oneself into past or future situations in a way that acts like a realistic simulation. The ability to imagine oneself in the past. The capacity to mentally travel to the present moment and remain there.
The ability to mentally project oneself into past or future situations in a way that acts like a realistic simulation.
This question concerns the Affective Circumplex. Based upon the "middle-of-the-road" theory, which of these statements is true? (select one) Your affective state has nothing to do with your emotions. The affective state that corresponds to a location in the circumplex is generally open to being described with many emotion words, such as "anxious" or "excited." Any region within the circumplex can correspond to any emotion whatsoever None of these are true.
The affective state that corresponds to a location in the circumplex is generally open to being described with many emotion words, such as "anxious" or "excited."
The basic definition of resilience is: The capacity of the mind, brain and body to adapt and recover One's personal "grit" or ability to overcome challenges without any support. The ability to meet any challenge without experiencing stress One's genetically inherited ability to survive without difficulty.
The capacity of the mind, brain and body to adapt and recover
"Emotional Granularity" refers to (select one): The granular surface of the amygdala as a key feature of emotions. The way that emotions eventually splinter into affective grains. The way that we should ignore the finer features of emotions. The capacity to give a much more precise account of your affective state and the various emotions that might correspond to it.
The capacity to give a much more precise account of your affective state and the various emotions that might correspond to it.
According to "The Myth of Multitasking" segment on the Healthy Minds app, the switch cost effect refers to: The process of changing your mind and weighing all the options. The energy cost of switching between thoughts and emotional states. The cognitive strain and effort required to refocus when switching tasks. How much of the United States GDP is lost to poor productivity each year.
The cognitive strain and effort required to refocus when switching tasks.
On the Ezra Klein podcast excerpt, Dr. Davidson likened attention to which of these? None of these are true. The connection of the amygdala and prefrontal cortices. A ship that gets wedged in a canal. The corresponding circuits are like unused muscles that can atrophy.
The corresponding circuits are like unused muscles that can atrophy.
What are some conditions that encourage the emergence of large-scale societies? None of these are conditions for the emergence of large-scale societies.. The enforcement of specific rules, regulations, or customs that create a social system in a top-down way. The creation of a shared sense of reality that often involves legends, myths and other stories. An emphasis on cooperating with other humans that one knows directly.
The creation of a shared sense of reality that often involves legends, myths and other stories.
In the essay by Cahn and Vitrano, the example of Pat (the philosopher) and Lee (the surfer) best illustrates what idea? The value of hard work in attaining a flourishing life The importance of work/life balance The difficulty of defining what exactly we mean by flourishing or "the good life." The importance of surrounding yourself with positive people
The difficulty of defining what exactly we mean by flourishing or "the good life."
As mentioned in Wednesday's lecture, Buddhist teachings in medieval Japan emphasized: The inevitable transience of pleasure The necessity of daily meditative practice Fidelity to one's community and societal obligations The sacredness of all living beings
The inevitable transience of pleasure
When meditators were given the flu vaccine, what occurred? Meditation changed the memories of the past. Meditation impaired the brain's capacity to predict. The meditators had a significantly stronger beneficial immune system response to the vaccine. All of these are true.
The meditators had a significantly stronger beneficial immune system
In the "Coping After a Natural Disaster" podcast, it was observed that: The mental health providers and survivors learned from one another Because there had been so many disasters over the past few years, asking survivors to recall prior experiences of resilience made them more depressed The biggest problem was how survivors didn't seem to care about each other The breathing exercises that they taught were particularly helpful in reducing survivors' anxiety
The mental health providers and survivors learned from one another
In the "Mindfulness and the Stress Response" segment from the Healthy Minds app, a study was referenced involving three groups of participants that had to do a series of stressful tasks. Which group was the least reactive? The mindful awareness group The master meditator group The mindful awareness and openness group The control group
The mindful awareness and openness group
One way to understand neuroplasticity is: The brain never changes on its own without effort This is a trick question, there's no such thing as neuroplasticity The more you practice something, the more it becomes habitually entrenched in the brain. Changes in the brain are only loosely tied to experience
The more you practice something, the more it becomes habitually entrenched in the brain.
In Professor Anthony Abraham Jack's essay, what was one of the stressors he mentioned that disproportionately impacts students from disadvantaged backgrounds? Problems with roommates The need to send money home Difficulty with the classes None of these are true
The need to send money home
Allostasis is: Another word for evolutionary mismatch All of these are true The processes that the body uses to return to homeostasis following a challenge. The body's baseline
The processes that the body uses to return to homeostasis following a challenge.
"Antifragility" is best described as: The way that a system (whether it be one's own mind body-system or some larger system) responds to failure by not just recovering, but getting stronger. The way that resilience can be promoted by avoiding stress. The social rejection of fragility as a societal norm. The way that systems remain highly static even in the face of challenges.
The way that a system (whether it be one's own mind body-system or some larger system) responds to failure by not just recovering, but getting stronger.
According to Dr. Wilson-Mendenhall, it's difficult to study emotions because (select one): Researchers aren't clear that emotions actually exist. Emotions are subjective and not rational. Adrenaline is very hard to measure. There are many differently defined and measured concepts for emotional skills.
There are many differently defined and measured concepts for emotional skills.
What is the distinction between declarative learning and procedural learning in the context of flourishing? Through declarative learning, one learns what flourishing is; through procedural learning, one learns how to flourish. Through declarative learning, one learns the words; through procedural learning, one learns the rules. Through declarative learning, one learns how to flourish; through procedural learning, one learns what flourishing is. In the context of flourishing, there is no difference between declarative and procedural learning.
Through declarative learning, one learns what flourishing is; through procedural learning, one learns how to flourish.
Which of these is a form of stress? Pseudo-stress Strain Stress Toxic Stress or Trauma Sheer Stress
Toxic Stress or Trauma
Ancient Japanese poets expressed their feelings by (select one): Directly stating them. Painting pictures of them. Eating cake. Tying them to sounds and sights.
Tying them to sounds and sights.
What is true of human cooperation? Like chimpanzees, humans can effectively cooperate only with humans that they know. Humans cooperate in ways that are similar to bees and ants, in that they only cooperate with close relatives and they do so in ways that are driven just by instinct. Humans can always and easily cooperate with all other humans under all conditions; that's why conflict among humans is so rare. Under the right conditions, humans can readily cooperate even with humans they do not know at all and in ways that are not at all driven by instinct. An example would be when 100 strangers board a plane on an ordinary day at our local airport.
Under the right conditions, humans can readily cooperate even with humans they do not know at all and in ways that are not at all driven by instinct. An example would be when 100 strangers board a plane on an ordinary day at our local airport.
Which of these is true of attention? We tend to pay attention to objects that are relevant to our engagement in the world. None of these are true. It involves reflexes. It is impossible to change anything about attention.
We tend to pay attention to objects that are relevant to our engagement in the world.
The Center for Healthy Minds has an unofficial motto about flourishing that relates to some of our content in class. What do you think it is? Well-being is a skill that can be learned. To cultivate well-being, it's important to hang out with optimistic people. None of these are true. Well-being happens from time to time and it's important to hang onto it when it arises.
Well-being is a skill that can be learned.
What does the acronym mentioned in Wednesday's lecture stand for? (select one) Willful Excitable Individualistic Restful Distraught Welcoming Energetic Independent Red Delicious Wisconsin Enables Interdependent Reasoned Debate Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic
Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic
Regarding challenges to change, which of the following is NOT true? Culture/ideology can provide dysfunctional System 1 responses When stressed, System 1 defaults to System 2 thinking Humans are very adaptable to change Capacity to change can be constrained by biological/genetic factors
When stressed, System 1 defaults to System 2 thinking
From "Getting out of the River" in the Healthy Minds app, Experiential Fusion is (select one): A new type of music that is said to be very calming. When we combine our external reality with our internal thoughts that then become our actions When we become fused with our inner experiences and when there is no space between us, our thoughts and our emotions When we try to ignore our thoughts and emotions and create a new reality.
When we become fused with our inner experiences and when there is no space between us, our thoughts and our emotions
According to the essay on resilience, "emotional overload" involves prefrontal cortex (PFC) breakdown, during which one can no longer speak coherently. emotional paralysis, during which one cannot move. transcranial induction, during which all brain function temporarily ceases. a refractory period during which our cognitive functioning—especially the ability to process new information—is impaired.
a refractory period during which our cognitive functioning—especially the ability to process new information—is impaired.
Which of these was not a part of the definition of awareness? emotions bodily sensations thoughts being absorbed in what you're doing
being absorbed in what you're doing
Our "negativity bias" prompts us to be more sensitive to threats and dangers, and it also is not an evolutionary development. makes us notice positive information more. is completely useless for survival. can make us see threats even in situations that are not threatening.
can make us see threats even in situations that are not threatening.
Dr. Angela Rose Black asks the question, "Who gets to be well?" According to Dr. Wicker's research, on a college campus: everyone enjoys equal opportunities to achieve wellness - that's the beautiful thing about higher education. factors including how a campus is built and set up, along with who is represented, make flourishing and wellness more difficult for to achieve for some than for others. mindfulness has played a huge role in revolutionizing wellbeing. unfortunately, only certain social groups have the ability to achieve genuine flourishing.
factors including how a campus is built and set up, along with who is represented, make flourishing and wellness more difficult for to achieve for some than for others.
The "ordinary magic" of resilience involves responding to a challenge (such as a threat or an opportunity) by trying to do everything by yourself without support. always succeeding in the face of a threat or challenge. remaining vigilant. learning from adversity to become stronger and finding a new way of being in the world.
learning from adversity to become stronger and finding a new way of being in the world.
Dr. Davidson mentioned the surgeon general's report on the epidemic of ____________, which is associated with serious health and wellbeing issues. loneliness binge drinking obesity missing class
loneliness
In his TedTalk, Dr. Davidson referred to a critical insight in his research. What is that insight? Educational disparities Telomere length Neuroplasticity Gene splicing
neuroplasticity
Awareness is an important element in flourishing because it enables us to... have even more thoughts, feeling and emotions than previously. notice (without reactivity or judgment) our emotions, biases, assumptions and so on. focus intently on something so as to block out unpleasant thoughts. withdraw the mind inward to our "happy place."
notice (without reactivity or judgment) our emotions, biases, assumptions and so on.
If we could somehow eliminate all emotions and just be purely rational beings, then current research suggests that (select one): we would finally be free of our irrational, animal nature. we would be much more efficient at all activities our capacity to reason effectively would be seriously impaired we would be able to think much more clearly
our capacity to reason effectively would be seriously impaired
For those who study emotion, a consensus is emerging that emotions are (select one): completely determined by culture without any universal elements. universal and culturally invariable. an animalistic part of our psyche that we need to suppress probably not entirely universal, but also not entirely determined just by culture.
probably not entirely universal, but also not entirely determined just by culture.
According to "The Attention Economy" segment from the Healthy Minds app, cognitive control is (select all that apply): the ability to keep your focus on one thing and ignore distractions sometimes referred to as learning readiness or impulse control the ability to multitask more effectively
the ability to keep your focus on one thing and ignore distractions sometimes referred to as learning readiness or impulse control
In the context of Mental Time Travel, "Reification" refers to The gradually reified projections of the thalamus into the prefrontal cortex. the tendency to "re-if"; that is, as "if only" again and again. the experience of the thought-simulation as being an accurate depiction of reality. The ability to recover from a memory.
the experience of the thought-simulation as being an accurate depiction of reality.
"Ideology" is a term that refers to our genetically inherited brain structure. the study of the ideograms of a pictographic language. the study of ideas. the largely unconscious categories, assumptions and biases that we inherit through culture.
the largely unconscious categories, assumptions and biases that we inherit through culture.
If you alter your system of values, it will certainly change your attention because you generally pay attention to: the things that are relevant to accomplishing the goals that emerge from your system of values. only the things that align with the values that you want to have, even though you may have other values that unconsciously make you pay attention to things through attention capture. anything at all that happens to be available to your senses. things that have to do with your goals, which are unrelated to your values.
the things that are relevant to accomplishing the goals that emerge from your system of values.
Yuval Harari argues that humans have triumphed on the evolutionary stage because they can use tools, unlike other animals they can cooperate in a particular way. they are conscious, unlike other animals. they are intelligent, unlike other animals.
they can cooperate in a particular way.
