Psych 120A Quizzes

The examples of Phineas Gage and Capgras delusion are most consistent with which of the following views?

(Neutral) Monism

According to the Atkinson & Shiffrin Modal Model of Memory, the echoic sensory buffer lasts around ___ , the iconic sensory buffer lasts around ____.

3‑4 s, 250 ms

Match each theory with its weakness. Behaviorism

Cannot explain novel/creative behavior

In the Where's Waldo task, you are looking for a character that has a striped shirt, striped hat, and possibly several accessories. Which type of search does this represent?

Conjuction

Match the following items to the appropriate concept from Gibson's framework for perception. A bell ringing.

Distal object

The finding that recognizing your name being said in the unattended ear during dichotic listening tasks is evidence AGAINST which model of attention?

Early selection

Every day in psychology class, Riley sits next to a student that brings a strong cup of coffee. The smell is very noticeable to Riley. When it comes time to take the test, Riley notices that the student with coffee is late. While taking the test, Riley struggles remembering a difficult term but is pleasantly surprised when the coffee student shows up with her usual cup of coffee. After smelling the coffee, the answer suddenly returns to her. Having the coffee smell present during both encoding and testing may have helped due to:

Encoding specificity

According to Broadbent's early selection model of attention, meaning of information is processed before the filter of attention is applied.

False

According to the Template-Matching theory of object recognition, we recognize objects by decomposing them into features and then "reconstructing" the object likely to have generated the pattern of sensation at the retina.

False

As you saw in lecture and the textbook, Deep Blue uses a brute force computation approach whereas programs like the Cleverbot you interacted with uses an "if-this-then-that" approach. Do you think a Cleverbot could use a brute force computation approach be more "realistic and clever" (since most of you have found it not to be too clever..)?

False

If someone suffered a lesion to their temporal cortex, they might acquire a deficit in using visual information to guide motor behavior (such as grasping).

False

If you have to search for a red X among a bunch of distracter green Xs, adding a greater number of distracters will increase the time it takes to find the target.

False

In the sitcom The Office, one of the protagonists (Jim) offers a mint to another protagonist (Dwight) every time Jim plays a specific sound on his computer. After about a week of doing this, Jim plays the sound on his computer but doesn't offer anything to Dwight. Yet, Dwight automatically reaches his hand out for a mint. This is an example of operant conditioning.

False

Look at the NBC logo below. Famously, the logo depicts a peacock. Yet, of course, there is actually no peacock drawn on the image. The fact that, nonetheless, we tend to see a peacock is an example of the Gestalt principle of good continuation.

False

One important shortcoming of Biederman's GEONS theory is that without having a structural description of the GEONS it would be impossible to tell apart two exemplars of the same object.

False

Sensation is best thought of as an inferential process.

False

Say that you are taking part in an experiment in which you have to learn lists of words. Here are the three lists you see: Trial 1 -- Robin, sparrow, starling Trial 2 - Bluebird, crow, seagull Trial 3 -- Cardinal, parakeet, pigeon Which of the following lists would suffer most from proactive interference?

Finch, blue jay, hawk

Consider the figure below. People usually tend to think that (A) is the most likely scenario to have generated the image in the red square. This is because of the principle of

Good continuation

Support from early selection models of attention came from dichotic listening tasks showing that participants were able to block out many of the following from their unattended ear. Which of the following did participants notice?

If the sex of the voice changed between female and male, The voice changed to a pure tone

Mary is talking on her cellphone while at the store and is devoting her full attention to her conversation. While she is walking down the aisle, a young woman next to her trips and falls. Mary does not look at the woman and continues to talk and shop. The woman that fell things Mary is very rude and insensitive to not offer to help. While this may be true, it is also possible that Mary didn't see the woman fall because she was experiencing:

Inattentional blindness

Match the following items to the appropriate concept from Gibson's framework for perception. Sound wave generated by the bell ringing.

Informational medium

Connect each term with the correct definition. Holds an unknown amount of information for long periods of time

Long-term memory

In the first lecture of this week, a few days ago, you've have learned about the Short-Term Memory store in the Atkinson and Shiffrin Modal Model of Memory. You thinking back to the notion of STM, and its position in the model, is an example of

Long-term memory

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment), is typically attributed to:

Long-term memory

The puzzle of how your thoughts and feelings arise from the action of the physical brain is referred to as the

Mind-body problem

Teaching a dog to "shake hands" on command, using a food reward, is an example of:

Operant conditioning

Which of the following lists would be harder to recall (assuming you are recalling right after the list is presented, with no delay):

P, V, B, D, T, G, E, Z, C

Match the following items to the appropriate concept from Gibson's framework for perception. Mental representation of a bell ringing.

Perceptual object

Match the following items to the appropriate concept from Gibson's framework for perception. Excitation of basilar membrane and cilia inside the inner ear.

Proximal stimulation

Connect each term with the correct definition. Holds large amounts of incoming information for a very short period of time.

Sensory memory

Connect each term with the correct definition. Holds a small amount of information for a limited time.

Short-term memory

Consider the following scenario. An intergalactic team of psychologists discovers a planet with robot-like androids and is trying to understand them. Which school of psychology does a researcher probably belong to if he/she uses the following research method: Asking the robots to verbally report on their internal processes

Structuralist

Match each theory with its weakness. Structuralism

Suffers from a lack of objectivity in observing mental processes

refers to the idea that the match between how an item is initially encoded and how it is cued for recall is very important.

Transfer‑appropriate processing

According to the Atkinson & Shiffrin model of attention, if someone were to have an impaired short-term memory 'store' they could not form new long term memories.

True

Attention is the main process determining what information in the sensory register gets transferred into short term memory.

True

Consider the two tables pictured in the image below. They are a good example of the "metric information" criticism of Biederman's GEONS theory.

True

The Astonishing Hypothesis formulated by Francis Crick expresses a monist point of view.

True

The Ventral Attention Network is important for reorienting, in a bottom-up manner, your attention towards external stimuli.

True

The fact that at times we see objects we know even where there is very little visual information -- as in seeing a cow in the image below -- is an example of top-down processing.

True

The picture below shows Tolman's maze experiment. According to Behaviorism, what should the rat have done once placed in a new starting point (i.e., #3 in the image below)?

Would be expected to turn right.

Imagine someone suffers a brain lesion to their left hemisphere. They will likely have an impairment in their ________ visual field whereas they will likely have no impairment in the _______ visual field.

contralesional, ipsilesional

Match the definition to the appropriate brain region/pathway Is primarily concerned with representing how to motorically interact with an object given its visual shape

early visual cortex

Match the following attention impairments. a condition in which a patient can detect and respond to a stimulus presented in the contralesional visual field unless a second stimulus is simultaneously presented in the ipsilesional visual field.

extinction

Allen is working on his math homework and is working through a particularly difficult problem while his mother is shouting for him to come downstairs for dinner. After yelling several times in a row, she goes upstairs to ask why he is ignoring her. Allen reports that he never even heard her because he was focusing so hard on his math problem. The math problem most likely is a

high‑load

Match the following attention impairments. deficit of attention in which patients fail to detect and respond to (and in fact seem entirely unaware of) stimuli presented in the contralesional visual field.

neglect

In the Disney movie The Lion King, the wise Rafiki hits Simba on the head every time he starts thinking of the past -- in order to make him stop. Rafiki's approach is an example of

positive punishment

Knowing how to ride a bike is an example of ________ memory, but remembering the day you learned to is an example of ______memory.

procedural memory, episodic memory

Match the following attention impairments. a restriction of visual attention such that the patient can only be aware of one object at a time, despite intact visual acuity

simultanagnosia

Match the definition to the appropriate brain region/pathway Is primarily concerned with representing how to motorically interact with an object given its visual shape

the "how" (dorsal) pathway

Match the definition to the appropriate brain region/pathway Is primarily concerned with representing identity information present in a visual stimulus

the "what" (ventral) stream

Match the definition to the appropriate brain region/pathway Is primarily concerned with representing spatial information present in a visual stimulus

the "where" (dorsal) stream