Psych 162 - Past Quizzes

According to the 2009 data presented in lecture, what is the prevalence of past month methamphetamine and cocaine use, respectively? A. 0.3% and 0.7% B. 3.00% and 7.00% C. 0.3% and 0.9% D. 0.7% and 0.9%

A. 0.3% and 0.7%

Which of the following is not a standard drink? A. 12oz of 7% ABV IPA beer B. 1.5oz of 40% liquor C. 5oz of 12% ABV wine D. 12oz of 5% of ABV light beer

A. 12oz of 7% ABV IPA beer

Approximately what percentage of individuals with a drug use disorder seek formal treatment? A. 25% B. 40% C. 10% D. 5%

A. 25%

You are a psychiatrist with a patient who wants to quit smoking, so you prescribe him Chantix. When do you advise that he set his quit date? A. A week and a half after starting the medication B. 5 days after starting the medication C. The day he starts the medication

A. A week and a half after starting the medication

According to LA County data, which ethnic group is most likely to smoke cigarettes? A. African Americans B. Asian/Pacific Islanders C. Latinos D. Whites

A. African Americans

Which of the following substance use disorders has the highest lifetime prevalence? A. Alcohol B. Nonmedical prescription opioids C. Cannabis D. Nicotine

A. Alcohol

Some substances are more amenable to brief intervention. Based on this assertion and the lecture, which of the three substances listed below do you believe is more amenable to brief intervention: A. Alcohol use disorder B. Cocaine use disorder C. Opioid use disorder

A. Alcohol use disorder

What is the proportion of individuals who are prescribed opiates for chronic pain who will misuse them? A. Approximately 21-29% B. Approximately 30-39% C. Approximately 41-50% D. Approximately 10-20%

A. Approximately 21-29%

Why do women metabolize alcohol more slowly than men do? A. Both are true B. Women have less alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach lining, causing more alcohol to pass through the stomach to the gut C. Women and men have different fat/lean body makeups, causing women to reach higher BACs after consuming the same amount of alcohol as men

A. Both are true

Based on current evidence, which psychosocial treatment, or combination of psychosocial treatments is most effective for cannabis use disorder? A. Combination of motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and contingency management B. Combination of twelve-step facilitation and cognitive behavioral therapy C. Contingency management alone D. Combination of family therapy and contingency management

A. Combination of motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and contingency management

You are a psychologist who is helping your teenage client quit smoking e-cigarettes. In order to track progress over the course of treatment, which biomarker would you choose to measure? A. Cotinine B. Breath alcohol concentration C. Carbon monoxide (CO)

A. Cotinine

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cannabis withdrawal? A. Euphoria B. Lack of energy C. Dysphoria D. Loss of appetite

A. Euphoria

Which of the following is not a common symptom of alcohol withdrawal? A. Euphoria B. Agitation C. Anxiety D. Body aches

A. Euphoria

If you have a loved one struggling with a substance use disorder, based on this course, you will want your love one to receive what kind of treatment? A. Evidence-based treatments B. Any treatment will help C. Novel experimental treatments not subjected to scientific test

A. Evidence-based treatments

Alcohol use disorder has a higher heritability estimate than both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. A. False B. True

A. False

Alcoholic hepatitis is the main cause of death directly due to chronic alcohol use. A. False B. True

A. False

The notion that smoking promotes weight loss is... A. False B. True

A. False

There is most empirical support for motivational interviewing as a brief intervention for: A. Individuals with low levels of severity of alcohol problems B. Individuals with any level of severity of drug problems C. Individuals with high levels of severity of alcohol problems

A. Individuals with low levels of severity of alcohol problems

How is clinical observation a useful type of evidence for addiction treatments? A. It is often used to generate hypotheses B. It is not vulnerable to bias C. It is primarily used to falsify treatments

A. It is often used to generate hypotheses

What is the primary mechanism of action of naltrexone in treating opioid use disorder? A. It prevents the high from using opiates B. It causes patients to become physically ill from taking opiates C. It reduces tolerance to opiates D. The primary mechanism of action of naltrexone is still poorly understood

A. It prevents the high from using opiates

Approximately what percentage of individuals who present for treatment for alcohol problems actually want to be abstinent from alcohol? A. Less than 50% B. Between 50% and 80% C. 100% D. 80%

A. Less than 50%

At the start of every session, Dr. Jones administers the Timeline Follow-Back to his patients in which he documents how many days over the past week his patients drank, and how many drinks they had on a given day when they reported drinking. This is an example of: A. Measurement-based practice B. Common therapeutic principles C. Practice-based evidence

A. Measurement-based practice

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral intervention for addiction? A. Pharmacotherapy B. Motivational interviewing C. Harm reduction D. Couples and family treatment E. Cognitive behavioral therapy

A. Pharmacotherapy

Which best describes steps to sensitization in sequential order (i.e., as they happen)? A. Reduced stimulation causes increased number of receptors and the remaining receptors become more sensitive causing up-regulation or sensitization B. Reduced stimulation causes decreased number of receptors and the remaining receptors are less sensitive causing up-regulation or sensitization C. Repeated stimulation causes decreased number of receptors and the remaining receptors are less sensitive causing down-regulation or sensitization

A. Reduced stimulation causes increased number of receptors and the remaining receptors become more sensitive causing up-regulation or sensitization

The understanding that addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder represents: A. The conceptual definition of addiction. B. The diagnostic definition of addiction. C. The epidemiological definition of addiction.

A. The conceptual definition of addiction

Which of the following is NOT a barrier to implementing new evidence-based treatments in real-world settings? A. The state of current clinical practice for SUDs is so promising that novel evidence-based treatments are not needed B. Clinicians may be hesitant to change clinical habits C. Providers may believe that researchers do not understand the complexities of the cases that they see and that research findings do not apply to their specific patients D. Providers are overloaded with clinical caseloads, making it difficult to find time to learn to deliver new treatments

A. The state of current clinical practice for SUDs is so promising that novel evidence-based treatments are not needed

A true placebo in pharmacology trials is easier to achieve than in psychotherapy trials. A. True B. False

A. True

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, while gravely impairing to the fetus, is a preventable disease. A. True B. False

A. True

Like AA, SMART Recovery is a mutual help group; however, unlike AA, it is less concerned with sharing experiences related to drinking and is instead more focused on systematically building coping skills to reach recovery. A. True B. False

A. True

Naloxone is an opioid antagonist which can serve to prevent an accidental overdose. A. True B. False

A. True

Naloxone is often carried by paramedics for use to rescue patients who are in cardiac arrest or are overdosing from use of opiates. A. True B. False

A. True

Opioid substitution therapies are effective in treating opioid use disorder because they help mitigate withdrawal and reduce craving without producing a high. A. True B. False

A. True

The hallmark change from DSM-IV to DSM-5 is the combination of the diagnoses of substance abuse and substance dependence into a single diagnosis of substance use disorder. A. True B. False

A. True

Use of medications in comorbid patients is even more important than those who carry a diagnosis of an AUD only. A. True B. False

A. True

What percentage of cannabis users develop cannabis use disorder (CUD)? A. 15-16% B. 8-9% C. 2-3% D. 20-30%

B. 8-9%

According to the Attribution Theory and Familiarity Hypothesis, which of the following vignettes would lead to increased stigmatizing responses? A. A story about Ethan, a young adult male who suffers from an alcohol use disorder and is struggling to find work as an actor B. A story about Michael, a middle-aged male who suffers from an alcohol use disorder and engages in unsafe sexual practices C. A story about Gina, a young adult female PhD student who suffers from an alcohol use disorder is struggling in her classes as a result

B. A story about Michael, a middle-aged male who suffers from an alcohol use disorder and engages in unsafe sexual practices

Which of the following is not a common psychological treatment for opioid use disorder? A. Cognitive behavioral therapy B. Acceptance and commitment therapy C. Motivational enhancement therapy D. Dialectical behavior therapy

B. Acceptance and commitment therapy

Which of the following individuals would benefit most from family therapy during recovery from a cannabis use disorder? A. Devin, a 32 year old woman B. Aiden, a 16 year old boy C. Cory, a 24 year old man D. Beverly, a 24 year old woman

B. Aiden, a 16 year old boy

Neurotransmission dysregulation could be caused by: A. Receptors not working properly B. All of the above C. A disruption of the chemical release D. A disruption of the chemical production

B. All of the above

Which of the following disorders is most commonly comorbid (or co-occurring) with a substance use disorder? A. Personality disorders B. Another substance use disorder C. Anxiety disorders D. Bipolar I disorder E> Major depressive disorder

B. Another substance use disorder

Which of the following is/are true of craving? A. Craving as a criterion to evaluate substance use disorder severity was not present in DSM-IV. B. Both are true. C. Craving is defined by a psychological state in which a person desires to use the substance so badly that they are unable to think of anything else.

B. Both are true

The primary target of THC in the brain is the _____ receptor. A. CB2 B. CB1 C. Dopamine D. Anandamide

B. CB1

Which of the following psychiatric disorders is the most highly comorbid with opioid use disorder? A. Borderline personality disorder B. Depression C. Schizophrenia D. Posttraumatic stress disord

B. Depression

Which is true about theories of addiction? A. All theories focus entirely on humans B. Different theories place emphasis on different processes C. They are all proven false D. They are all proven true

B. Different theories place emphasis on different processes

Addiction theories do the following, except: A. All of the above are true B. Explain why a given patient developed symptoms C. Articulate key processes and mechanisms D. Delve deeper than just describing symptoms

B. Explain why a given patient developed symptoms

Dr. Ray believes that theories of addiction are so important that she did not talk about the "big picture" of addiction. A. True B. False

B. False

Drug use disorders have higher lifetime prevalence rates than alcohol use disorder. A. True B. False

B. False

Light cigarettes, such as Marlboro lights, are less harmful than regular cigarettes, such as Marlboro. A. True B. False

B. False

The concept of an "addictive personality" is widely accepted among experts in the field and has high levels of empirical support. A. True B. False

B. False

Understanding causal models of addiction have no implications to the actual treatment of addiction. A. True B. False

B. False

________ levels of impulsivity are consistently associated with ________ substance use. A. Higher; decreased B. Higher; increased C. Lower; increased

B. Higher; increased

Which of of the following contributes to the difficulty of studying cannabis in a research setting? A. The effects of cannabis are highly variable between individuals B. Lack of standardization of dosage in different cannabis products C. Researchers have not yet developed a relaible way to measure the concentration of THC in a person's system D. It is difficult to finding willing research participants

B. Lack of standardization of dosage in different cannabis products

What was the main take-home message of the COMBINE study? A. Acamprosate should be used in primary care settings B. Naltrexone should be used in primary care settings C. Naltrexone should be the only pharmacotherapy used to treat AUD D. Acamprosate should not be used to treat AUD

B. Naltrexone should be used in primary care settings

Which smoking cessation treatment provides low doses of nicotine to reduce withdrawal symptoms? A. Naltrexone B. Nicotine replacement therapy C. Bupropion D. Varenicline

B. Nicotine replacement therapy

Which of the following is not true regarding the comparison of results from NESARC-II and NESARC-III? A. Rates of heavy drinking in the U.S. have increased. B. Rates of alcohol use in the U.S. have increased, but high-risk drinking has remained the same. C. Rates of alcohol use in the U.S. have increased. D. Prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the U.S. has increased.

B. Rates of alcohol use in the U.S. have increased, but high-risk drinking has remained the same.

Which of the following is not a major goal of cannabis use disorder medication development? A. Reducing the rewarding effects of cannabis B. Reducing tolerance to cannabis C. Reducing cannabis withdrawal symptoms D. Reducing cravings for cannabis

B. Reducing tolerance to cannabis

Per the pathology of motivation and choice theory, end-stage addiction is thought to be characterized by: A. Neuroadaptations in the brain which lead to increased control over drug seeking and taking behaviors and increased levels of insight into drug-related problems B. The dysregulation of the prefrontal cortex's control over behavior, which prevents drug users from inhibiting drug seeking and taking behaviors C. The change, over time, from drugs having primarily rewarding and positively reinforcing effects to primarily negatively reinforcing effects

B. The dysregulation of the prefrontal cortex's control over behavior, which prevents drug users from inhibiting drug seeking and taking behaviors

A common barrier to both meeting diagnostic criteria for and seeking treatment for a substance use disorder is lack of insight into the negative consequences of substance use. A. False B. True

B. True

From a medication development perspective, the more pharmacological treatments we have the better because we can try different treatments until we find the one that works best for a particular patient. A. False B. True

B. True

Heritability provides information regarding the risk related to the entire population, not just an individual. A. False B. True

B. True

The incentive sensitization theory takes the psychostimulant theory of addiction a step further in helping us better understand not only that drugs of abuse act as strong reinforcers and activate the mesolimbic dopamine system, but also how the brain changes as a result of chronic substance use. A. False B. True

B. True

The majority of adolescents and young adults who drink heavily in their late teens and early twenties eventually "mature out" of heavy drinking. A. False B. True

B. True

Upon quitting smoking, most smokers experience weight gain. A. False B. True

B. True

Matthew is in early recovery from alcohol and is experiencing symptoms of protracted withdrawal. Which medication might he ask his doctor to prescribe to ameliorate such symptoms? A. Naltrexone B. Disulfiram C. Acamprosate

C. Acamprosate

Which theory emphasizes addiction as having characteristics of compulsive and impulse control disorders? A. Impulse control theory B. Pathology of motivation and choice theory C. Allostasis theory D. Impulse sensitization theory

C. Allostasis theory

Functional analysis in CBT is powerful in that it: A. Helps a patient understand the context in which drug use happens B. Helps a patient identify which skills to use to counteract triggers, or antecedents, to drug use C. Both are true

C. Both are true

Which of the following descriptions is least likely to perpetuate stigma towards John, a male presenting for alcohol treatment? A. Referring to John as an "alcoholic" B. Stating that John has "hit rock bottom," leading to his decision to seek treatment C. Concluding that John is "not currently using substances" after testing negative for all substances on a urine toxicology screen D. Stating that John has been "clean" for 6 months rather than saying that he is "in recovery"

C. Concluding that John is "not currently using substances" after testing negative for all substances on a urine toxicology screen

Cameron has found that after drinking regularly for many years, alcohol does not have the same effects as it did in the past. He has found that it now takes many more drinks to experience the same effects as before. This phenomenon is known as: A. Experiencing withdrawal B. Experiencing craving C. Developing tolerance

C. Developing tolerance

Which of the following opioids is primarily responsible for the dramatic increases in overdose deaths seen in the United States in recent years? A. Oxycodone B. Heroin C. Fentanyl D. Vicodin

C. Fentanyl

What is thought to be the primary mechanism of action of naltrexone? A. It blocks the metabolism of alcohol, causing patients to feel a flushing or alcohol poisoning response B. It re-establishes the glutamatergic tone that is disrupted by chronic alcohol use C. It blunts the rewarding effects of alcohol

C. It blunts the rewarding effects of alcohol

According to cognitive processes models, ________ expectancies related to substance use ________ the likelihood of future substance use. A. Positive; decrease B. Negative; increase C. Negative; decrease

C. Negative; decrease

Chain smoking is common among patients with: A. Borderline personality disorder B. PTSD C. Psychosis D. Cannabis use disorder

C. Psychosis

Which theory recognized a common mechanism whereby all drugs of abuse increase the release of dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway, causing drugs to be rewarding and function as reinforcers? A. Incentive sensitization theory B. Allostasis theory C. Psychostimulant theory D. Pathology of motivation and choice theory

C. Psychostimulant theory

Which of the following make up evidence-based practice in psychology? A. Clinical expertise B. Patient characteristics, cultures, and preferences C. The integration of all three make up evidence-based practice D. The best research evidence

C. The integration of all three make up evidence-based practice

Which of the following is an FDA-approved pharmacotherapy for cannabis use disorder? A. Gabapentin B. Oxytocin C. There are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for CUD D. Nabilone E. Dronabinol

C. There are no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for CUD

Which of the following is true regarding common therapeutic factors or empirically supported therapy relationships? A. They are important, but it has been consistently documented that they are not as important as the actual protocol that is being delivered B. They are central to cognitive behavioral therapy but are not important in other types of therapies C. They are not part of a particular treatment program, but are general clinical practices that are important to consider for each patient D. They are not important to the success of a treatment

C. They are not part of a particular treatment program, but are general clinical practices that are important to consider for each patient

What property of opiates makes chronic users so susceptible to overdose? A. Withdrawal B. Sedation C. Tolerance D. Stimulation

C. Tolerance

Which of the following does not influence alcohol metabolism? A. Amount of food in the stomach B. Rate of drinking C. Tolerance to alcohol D. Type of alcohol consumed

C. Tolerance to alcohol

Efficacy trials answer the question of whether a treatment works ________, whereas effectiveness trials answer the question of whether a treatment works ________. A. In real-world settings; under controlled conditions B. Without a placebo or control condition; with a placebo or control condition C. Under controlled conditions; in real-world settings

C. Under controlled conditions; in real-world settings

What should be the first line of treatment for an individual with gambling disorder? Family therapy Gamblers anonymous CBT Motivational interviewing

CBT

What psychosocial interventions does the matrix model integrate? CBT, 12-step facilitation, and family education 12-step facilitation, family education, and motivational interviewing Contingency management, 12-step facilitation, and family education CBT, contingency management, and 12-step facilitation

CBT, 12-step facilitation, and family education

What is cocaine's method of action within the brain? Cocaine blocks the dopamine transporter causing an increase of dopamine in the synapse Cocaine blocks dopamine reuptake causing an increase of dopamine in the synapse Cocaine releases dopamine directly into the synapse Cocaine blocks dopamine release causing a decrease of dopamine in the synapse

Cocaine blocks the dopamine transporter causing an increase of dopamine in the synapse

Compared to other drugs of abuse, methamphetamine use is associated with higher rates of ________? Relapse Fine motor deficits Gross motor deficits Cognitive deficits

Cognitive deficits

Which are the top two evidence based interventions for psychostimulant use disorder? Motivational interviewing and contingency management Twelve-step facilitation and cognitive behavioral therapy Contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy Family therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy

Contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy

Which of the following substance use disorders has the lowest heritability rate? A. Nicotine use disorder B. Cannabis use disorder C. Cocaine use disorder D. Alcohol use disorder

D. Alcohol use disorder

What was the goal of the APA Division 12 task force on empirically-validated treatments? A. Evaluate treatments B. Facilitate consumers' access to information regarding which treatments are supported by the science C. Help consumers understand how to weigh the evidence and identify the better treatments that were available D. All were goals of the task force

D. All were goals of the task force

________ are a class of drug that were prescribed to treat anxiety in the 1950s and 1960s and were replaced by ________, a safer alternative. A. Benzodiazepines; opiates B. Barbiturates; opiates C. Benzodiazepines; barbiturates D. Barbiturates; benzodiazepines

D. Barbiturates; benzodiazepines

Cannabis use is higher in _________ and highest among the ___________ age group A. Women vs. men, 18-29 year old B. Women vs. men, 12-17 year old C. Men vs. women, 12-17 year old D. Men vs. women; 18-29 year old

D. Men vs. women; 18-29 year old

Mary uses methamphetamine for the first time, leading to a feeling of euphoria. As a result, Mary continues to seek out methamphetamine for its rewarding effects and continues to use it until she eventually becomes dependent on it. How can you explain this path to addiction using a reinforcement-based approach? A. Mary's mother struggled with methamphetamine addiction; as such, Mary has a higher likelihood of becoming addicted to methamphetamine herself. B. Positive expectancies related to methamphetamine use increased the likelihood of future use. C. Mary displays more impulsive tendencies, resulting in an increased likelihood of continued use. D. Methamphetamine became a powerful positive reinforcer, causing Mary to continue to use.

D. Methamphetamine became a powerful positive reinforcer, causing Mary to continue to use.

What is true about smokers' reports of wanting to quit? A. Only one in two smokers' reports wanting to quit B. Only one in three smokers' reports wanting to quit C. Naltrexone D. Most smokes report wanting to quit

D. Most smokes report wanting to quit

The alcohol flushing response results in a ________ reaction to alcohol, ultimately ________ the risk of developing alcohol use disorder for those with a polymorphism of the ALDHD2 gene. A. Positive; decreasing B. Positive; increasing C. Negative; increasing D. Negative; decreasing

D. Negative; decreasing

Which of the following is not a common pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder? A. Buprenorphine B. Naltrexone C. Methadone D. Oxycontin

D. Oxycontin

Will, a man in his 30s, has a cannabis use disorder. His group of friends spend a lot of time smoking cannabis when they are together. This example is supported by which model of addiction? A. Personality factors B. Cognitive processes C. Developmental psychopathology D. Social networks

D. Social networks

Which compound is responsible for the psychoactive effects of marijuana? A. CBD B. Sativa C. Both THC and CBD D. THC E. Anandamide

D. THC

Which of the following statements about Twelve-Step Programs is FALSE: A. The group format is seen as a barrier by some patients. B. Involvement in AA predicts better outcomes than simple AA attendance. C. Religiosity and spirituality play an important role in Twelve Step Programs. D. There is no history of antagonism between AA and the research community.

D. There is no history of antagonism between AA and the research community.

What is one of the common gender differences seen in gambling disorder? Men are more likely to report strategic types of gambling, while women tend to report non-strategic types of gambling Women are more likely to report strategic types of gambling, while men tend to report non-strategic types of gambling Men and women report equal rates of strategic and non-strategic types of gambling

Men are more likely to report strategic types of gambling, while women tend to report non-strategic types of gambling

What is the most effective FDA-approved medication for stimulant use disorder? None of the other answers are FDA-approved medications for stimulant use disorder Methylphenidate Bupropion Naltrexone Antipsychotics

None of the other answers are FDA-approved medications for stimulant use disorder

What is the biggest weakness of Contingency Management? Contingency management is too expensive to deliver widely Outcomes are not sustained beyond the end of treatment delivery Contingency management requires experienced, trained therapists Patients are not interested in receiving contingency management

Outcomes are not sustained beyond the end of treatment delivery

Treatment of stimulant use disorder would be incomplete without which of the following components? Talk therapy Contingency management Pharmacological intervention Urine toxicology screening

Urine toxicology screening

The high from using __________ lasts 2-4 hours and the high from using __________ lasts up to 8-10 hours. cocaine / methamphetamine methamphetamine / methylphenidate methylphenidate / methamphetamine methamphetamine / cocaine

cocaine / methamphetamine