psych 2

Marty just lost 15 pounds. Even though she has better eating habits, she has a strong urge to eat more frequently than she did before she lost the weight. The most likely reason for Marty's problem is

an increase in ghrelin

Research has shown that social isolation increases the risk of illness by the same amount as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. This finding supports the idea that the need for ________ is a fundamental adaptive motive.

belonging

Shana wants to establish an exercise routine, but she really does not like to work out. If she decides to use incentives to motivate her exercising behavior, which of the following is Shana most likely to do?

buy herself a new pair of shoes after exercising every day for two weeks

Blythe had a large breakfast in the late morning. Even though she was planning to skip lunch, she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat. The fact that Blythe wants to eat at her normal lunchtime even though she ate a late breakfast can be best explained by

classical conditioning

Raymond is studying for finals and has not slept for almost two days. He finally realizes he is exhausted and goes home from the library to sleep. Raymond's desire to go home and get some rest so that he no longer feels tired is a(n)

drive

When going to her office on the seventh floor, June either takes the elevator or the stairs. If June takes the stairs, she will be annoyed when asked a simple question by her coworkers. However, if June takes the elevator, she is more patient. The irritated reaction that occurs when June is physiologically aroused by climbing the stairs is an example of

excitation transfer.

Sally is having a hard time losing weight and keeping it off because the more weight she loses, the hungrier she feels. This condition is most likely due to the effects of ________, which triggers feelings of hunger.

ghrelin

Ekman and colleagues found that several emotions are common to people around the world, including all of the following EXCEPT

guilt

The final project for your class is due in a few days. You ask a classmate how his project is going. He tells you that he has not started, because no matter how hard he tries, he can never get a good grade. Based on this statement, it is likely that your classmate

has low self-efficacy

You are training for a marathon. You spend all your extra time conditioning and practicing, because you know that the more effort you put in, the more likely you are to succeed. Based on this, it is likely that you have

high self-efficacy.

One day, Bill surprises his friend Ted by jumping out from behind a tree. Ted is startled and falls backward, hitting his head on a rock. The next day, Ted cannot stop eating and eats as much food as possible. Ted may have damaged the part of his brain called the

hypothalamus

Cesar has done so well in his economics class that he only needs 43 out of 100 points on the final exam to receive an "A" in the class. Cesar still studies a lot because he wants to do well on the final. Cesar's behavior is affected by

internal motivation

Sandra is a nutritionist who knows that long-term regulation of body fat primarily involves the hormone called

leptin.

Emilio has an "A" average, and Claudio has a "C" average. Both men have career aspirations of becoming aeronautical engineers to work for NASA. Claudio likely has ________ than Emilio

lower achievement motivation

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year. His brother tries to get him to go to some social events, but Hugh does not want to do anything. Hugh's behavior is not energized, directed, or sustained, and he is lacking

motivation

Lulu has a hard time sitting still and concentrating when doing her homework. Lulu's father says to her "If you can sit still and focus for 10 minutes and get these three math problems right then we can play soccer together for a while." Lulu's father is trying to motivate a change in her behavior by

offering Lulu an incentive to finish the math homework

Antoinette is a real risk taker. She loves to skydive, and she can party all night. Benita dislikes risk taking and prefers quieter activities, such as reading and yoga. These contrasting preferences in the rate of physiological activation they experience suggest that Antoinette and Benita differ in their

optimal levels of arousal

Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. The effect the roller coaster has on Jason and Cora is associated with the ________ of emotion.

physiological processes

Terry's home was destroyed in a hurricane. It is hard to find food, so he is constantly hungry. However, he feels lucky because his family survived and he is together with his loved ones. According to Maslow's theory, Terry's ________ needs are not met, but his ________ needs are being met.

physiological; belonging

Delia lives far from her family and rarely visits them. On a recent trip home, Delia realizes that her nephews do not know who she is. This makes Delia feel remorseful. Because remorse is a blend of other feelings, Delia is experiencing a(n) ________ emotion

secondary

Hernando and Fiona are in an advanced math class, which they love. In order to increase his effort in the class, Hernando's parents give him $5 for every "A" that he gets. Fiona's parents do not reward her for good grades. Fiona is more likely to do well in the class because of

self-determination theory

Jalila reads the paper every day because she is intrinsically motivated. Jalila most likely reads the paper because

she feels a need to keep current with world events

Recently, Miriam's violin instructor tells her that she has to practice three hours a day for a competition. Although Miriam usually practices more than three hours, she suddenly finds that she enjoys playing a lot less. Self-determination theory suggests that Miriam's sudden loss of interest happened because

she no longer feels that she is choosing to practice

Since anxiety can hurt test performance, Thatcher does relaxation exercises before a big exam. He is shocked when he does poorly on the exam. He would have been less surprised had he known about the relationship between physiological activation and performance, as described in

the Yerkes-Dodson law.

Parvati is a competitive gymnast at the Olympic trials. She is highly motivated to perform her absolute best. Given your knowledge of the effects of arousal on performance, the best advice you can give Parvati is that she should calm down because

very high arousal can hurt her performance