PSYCH 200 Test 11-14

Which of the following exemplifies a task-oriented approach to job analysis?

driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material

In Europe, what is human factors psychology called?

ergonomics

What is a performance appraisal?

evaluating an employee's success at performing the duties of the job

A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.

external; internal

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

Which of the following is a frequent trigger for workplace violence?

feeling of being treated unfairly, unjustly, or disrespectfully

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

________ is a state of intense engagement in an activity; it is usually experienced while participating in creative work and leisure endeavors.

flow

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

foot-in-the-door

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?

how a threat is perceived

________ psychology is the study of how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers' productivity, safety, and health.

human factors

Over the past few years, research suggests that stress levels in the United States have ________.

increased

A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________.

introvert

Which term describes the degree to which individuals enjoy their job?

job satisfaction

Work overload, harassment, and bullying can all lead to ________.

job stress

In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for?

knowledge, skills, abilities

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________.

meditation

Which term describes a form of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee?

mentoring

What is groupthink?

modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Self-efficacy is ________.

our level of confidence in our own abilities

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.

persona

Optimism is a tendency toward a(n) ________.

positive outlook and positive expectations

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives?

positive psychology

What is the APA?

A professional association in the United States for clinical and research psychologists.

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?

As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance also increases.

Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common?

Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy.

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is incorrect?

Different aspects of love are hierarchical. For example, companionate love is much better and longer lasting than consummate love.

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

Five Factor Model

What does research suggest about gender diversity and team productivity?

Gender-balanced teams performed better, as measured by sales and profits, than predominantly male teams.

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

According to research, what kind of job interview is most successful at predicting job performance?

Interviews that are structured.

Which of the following is true regarding the accuracy and reliability of a job analysis?

It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis.

Who proposed the locus of control concept?

Julian Rotter

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study?

Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory?

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?

The immune system is weakened.

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most accurate?

There are three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment.

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

What caused industrial psychologists to begin working with the military?

U.S. entry into WWI

Marcy is in a car accident. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor.

acute

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________.

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion?

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.

anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence

What area are human factors psychologists researching when they study when and how people decide to respond to engine failure during flight?

cognitive task analysis

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

confederate

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

congruence

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

consummate

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?

coping

A high-stress job, overcrowding, and long commutes to work are examples of the way some psychologists conceptualize stress as a ________.

demanding or threatening event or situation

What is job analysis?

describing the task accurately

Which type of appraisal involves judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well-being that a stressor might entail?

primary

Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?

reaction formation

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

Transformational leaders are not ________.

revolutionary

Diane and Bruce share their intimate thoughts and emotions and are physically attracted to each other, but their love does not contain any expectations beyond that. Their love is called ________.

romantic

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self-actualization

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

self-serving bias

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and financial help are all examples of ________.

social support

What is a social role?

socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

stereotypes

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

Which of the following is an example of the self-fulfilling prophecy?

telling someone with dyslexia she cannot learn to read, leading her to become illiterate even though she could learn to read with a bit of extra effor

Which of the following is an example of eustress?

training for a marathon

An organizational psychologist studies ________.

worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

Which of the following exemplifies a worker-oriented approach to job analysis?

works well under pressure and in group situations

Which of the following is an example of a stressor?

being in car accident

The concept of perceived control refers to ________.

beliefs about the capacity to influence and shape outcomes in our lives

Industrial-organizational psychologists work in four main contexts: academia, government, consulting, and ________.

business