Psych 230 Exam 2 (ch.5-8)

Improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is a reflection of: A. A simultaneous process where axons in die off, while dendrites in the brain grow and branch out B. Increased myelination of the central nervous system C. Advances in the prefrontal cortex D. An increase in the neurotransmitter dopamine

B. Increased myelination of the central nervous system

Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children? A. Brain cancer B. Leukemia C. Lung cancer D. Skin cancer

B. Leukemia

Tapi believes that all human beings have certain inalienable rights that need to be protected. She believes that the current law in her country that prohibits interracial marriage is unfair and should be changed. According to Kohlberg, which of the following describes Tapi's level of moral reasoning? A. Conventional B. Postconventional C. Preconventional D. Universal

B. Postconventional

Regarding peers and gender development, which of the following is FALSE? A. Boys prefer larger groups of playmates than girls B. Girls are more likely to interact in a reciprocal way C. Children under age 12 prefer to play in groups with boys and girls D. Boys are more likely to engage in competitive play

C. Children under age 12 prefer to play in groups with boys and girls

What percent of children's meals exceed recommendations for saturated and trans fat? A. 25% B. 65% C. 55% D. 45%

D. 45%

A child at age ____ is likely to be fully in heteronomous morality, whereas children at age ____ are likely to be fully in autonomous morality. A. 3; 8 B. 5; 8 C. 8; 12 D. 5; 12

D. 5; 12

Erikson's fourth stage of development is: A. Trust vs. Mistrust B. Initiative vs. Guilt C. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt D. Industry vs. Inferiority

D. Industry vs. Inferiority

___ said children construct knowledge through social interaction. ___ said children use adaptation of schemes to organize knowledge

Vygotsky's; Piaget

In the U.S. ___ is the leading cause of death for young children

accidents

Focusing attention on 1 characteristic and excluding all others is known as

centration

broad categories reflect general impression and beliefs about males and females

gender stereotypes

Children at the age of 4 and 5 are scrambling over the jungle gym on the playground . This displays which type of skills?

gross motor skills

Carol Dweck says that individuals have 2 mindsets. Fixed & ___

growth

Gender _____ involves a sense of one's own gender, whereas gender _____ are the expectations about how gender shapes the way one should think, act, and feel

identity; roles

Improvement of fine motor skills in middle and late childhood is a reflection of ___

increased myelination

Psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood

initiative vs guilt

Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children?

leukemia

Piaget's term for the reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what they could only do physically?

operations

On average, children gain _______ pounds per year during middle and late childhood. A. 1 to 2 B. 5 to 7 C. 7 to 10 D. 2 to 3

B. 5 to 7

Recent studies have identified all of the following as potential contributors to the development of ADHD EXCEPT: A. High levels of maternal stress B. Diets high in fiber and protein C. Exposure to tobacco smoke or alcohol D. Low birth weight

B. Diets high in fiber and protein

Carol Dweck concluded that individuals have one of two mindsets, namely the fixed mindset and the: A. Apathetic mindset B. Growth mindset C. Open mindset D. Variable mindset

B. Growth mindset

Chinese-American immigrant children who have been exposed to authoritarian parenting show all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. Poor social skills B. High self-esteem C. Depression D. Aggressive behavior

B. High self-esteem

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Reasoning

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

From ages 3-6 the most rapid brain growth occurs in the ___ part of the ___ lobe

prefrontal cortex; frontal

interventions with children who have a learning disability focus mainly on what?

reading

Domain-specific evaluations of the self

self concept

In order to experience a ___ emotion like shame; an individual must be able to refer to himself as distinct from others

self conscious

the belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes

self efficacy

Deliberate efforts to manage one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts

self regulation

what term refers to self-evaluation in specific domains of an individuals life

self-concept

Mary wrote "im a good person". This reflects Mary's what?

self-esteem

In the United States ________ is the leading cause of death for young children. A. Accidents B. Cancer C. SIDS D. Cardiovascular disease

A. Accidents

Which of the following is NOT a contextual factor that is linked to brain development? A. Athletic ability B. Poverty C. Parenting quality

A. Athletic ability

All of the following are associated with improved understandings of emotions EXCEPT: A. Difficulty in interpreting facial expressions B. Ability to reflect emotions C. Emotional regulation D. Increase in prosocial behavior

A. Difficulty in interpreting facial expressions

What did Piaget term reversible mental actions that allow children to do mentally what before they could only do physically? A. Operations B. Foci C. Centrations D. Functions

A. Operations

The emotions of _________ do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears around 18 months of age. A. Pride and embarrassment B. Disgust and guilt C. Shame and fear D. Guilt and sadness

A. Pride and embarrassment

As Misty learns what is appropriate for boys and girls, she begins to organize new information according to those divisions. It is her gender ______ that informs her that anything that is pink must be made for girls. A. Schemas B. Roles C. Identities D. Types

A. Schemas

During the elementary school years, children grow an average of _____ inches a year, with the average sized ______ being taller than the average sized ______. A. Two to three; girl; boy B. Two to three; boy; girl C. One to two; girl; boy D. One to two; boy; girl

A. Two to three; girl; boy

Megan wants to get a cookie before dinner, but she knows that's against her mother's rules. As she is considering getting a cookie she can hear her mother walking toward the kitchen where the cookie jar is. Realizing she would probably get caught and punished, Megan decides to leave the kitchen without a cookie. According to Kohlberg, which level of moral development is Megan currently in? A. Conventional reasoning B. Postconventional reasoning C. Formal conventional reasoning D. Preconventional reasoning

D. Preconventional reasoning

From 3 to 6 years of age the most rapid growth in the brain takes place in the: A. Cerebellum B. Parietal lobe C. Temporal lobe D. Prefrontal cortex

D. Prefrontal cortex