Psych 2301- final exam

Which of the following people is MOST likely to be helped by hypnosis? a. Jeff, who would like to run faster b. Celia, who wants a better memory c. Keisha, who wants to remember what happened to her when she was 4 years old d. Carlos, who wants to stop thinking about his foot pain

Carlos, who wants to stop thinking about his foot pain

Which of the following is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the brain's cortex, just below the scalp? a. deep lesioning b. ESB c. EEG d. CT scan

EEG

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of __________. a. introspection b. functionalism c. psychoanalysis d. Gestalt psychologists

Gestalt psychologists

Which type of early psychologist believed that "the whole is more then the sum of its parts"? a. Gestaltist b. behaviorist c. structuralist d. functionalist

Gestaltist

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate? a. Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program in digestion b. Pavlov was elated when his students first noticed that the dogs were salivating before tasting the food c. Pavlov continued his Nobel Prize-winning research on digestion after documenting conditioning d. Pavlov stressed the importance of speculating about the dog's feelings toward the food

Pavlov was studying salivation in dogs as part of a research program in digestion

In order to increase typing speed, Minisoft Inc. has redesigned its keyboard and provided a chime that is related to typing speed. The company wants to know if its innovations affect typing speed. What are the independent and dependent variables in this proposed study?

The dependent variable is the typing speed; the independent variables are the keyboard design and the chime

________________ is a system used for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data. a. Statistics b. The scientific approach c. Checks and balances d. The double-blind method

The scientific approach

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that consists of nerves that control all of the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands is called the __________ nervous system. a. somatic b. autonomic c. sympathetic d. parasympathetic

autonomic

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of ________. a. behavior b. the mind c. the brain d. consciousness

behavior

The learning of phobias is a good example of which certain type of classical conditioning? a. instinctive drift b. innate learning c. conditioning taste aversion d. conditioned emotional response

conditioned emotional response

The tendency to look for information that supports one's own belief is called ____________. a. the principle of falsifiability b. confirmation bias c. criterion validity d. volunteer bias

confirmation bias

Professor Abboud told her students that if her door was closed it meant that she was unavailable to them and would be angry if they knocked on her door. But if her door was open, it meant that she was in a rare good mood and would answer questions at the time. Professor Abboud's door being open was a ______________ for ________________. a. discriminative stimulus; asking questions b. discriminative stimulus; not asking questions c. discriminative response; asking questions d. discriminative response; not asking questions

discriminative stimulus; asking questions

Which neurotransmitter is released in the reward pathways in the brain in response to ingestion of several psychotropic drugs? a. dopamine b. GABA c. norepinephrine d. acetylcholine

dopamine

Avery was rollerblading when a cat jumped right in front of her, causing her to trip and fall. When she fell, she partially landed on the front side of her head near her forehead. Shortly afterward, Avery exhibited symptoms similar to those of Phineas Gage. Which lobe would have been most affected by this fall? a. frontal lobe b. temporal lobe c. parietal lobe d. occipital lobe

frontal lobe

You are listening to a person who keeps telling you to relax, attempting to create a situation in which you are likely to follow suggestions. What treatment are you undergoing? a. psychotherapy b. reprogramming c. autosuggestion d. hypnosis

hypnosis

Nazir is taking part in a research on the effects of sleep deprivation; he has been without sleep for 75 hours. Right now, researchers have asked him to sit in front of a computer screen and hit a button each time he sees the letter S on the screen. A few days ago, Nazir was a whiz at this task; however, he is doing very poorly today. How are sleep researchers likely to explain Nazir's poor performance? a. due to the sleep deprivation, Nazir does not understand the task b. microsleeps are occurring due to the sleep deprivation, and Nazir is asleep for brief periods of time c. Nazir is determined to ruin the research because of the suffering he is enduring at the hands of the researchers. d. Nazir is probably dreaming that he is somewhere else and has no interest in responding to the "here and now"

microsleeps are occurring due to the sleep deprivation, and Nazir is asleep for brief periods of time

Imani was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain, resulting in paralysis of her left arm. What part of Imani's brain was injured? a. auditory association area b. motor cortex c. association areas d. somatosensory cortex

motor cortex

LaKeisha stepped on a piece of glass and quickly pulled her foot away from that sharp object. Which of the following are responsible for sending a message to the muscles in LaKeisha's foot, resulting in her pulling her foot away from the piece of glass? a. motor neurons b. interneurons c. sensory reflexes d. reflexes

motor neurons

Wyatt is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Wyatt's avoidance of spiders is being ___________________. a. extinguishing, because he feels anxious after doing so b. recovered spontaneously, because he will never get better c. positively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down d. negatively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down

negatively reinforced, because he is rewarded by his anxiety going down

The function of the _____________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body. a. soma b. synapse c. nervous system d. endorphins

nervous system

Manifest content is to latent content as _____________. a. obvious is to symbolic b. wish is to fulfillment c. symbolic is to obvious d. unconscious is to conscious

obvious is to symbolic

Two specialized types of glial cells are called ______________ and ___________. a. occipital; lobitical b. oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells c. occipital; Schwann d. oligodendrocytes; lobitical

oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells

As part of a psychology experiment, Santiago decides to measure a person's "anxiety" by noting the number of blinks a person makes in a 20-minute social interaction with a stranger. Santiago appears to have offered a(n) ________________ of anxiety. a. variable b. operationalization c. theory d. hypothesis

operationalization

Georgia has always been drawn to the saying "Absence makes the heart grow fonder," and she decides to incorporate this saying into her research project. Georgia is trying to define absence in a way that can be empirically tested. She is attempting to find an appropriate _______________. a. hypothesis b. operationalization c. double-blind study d. theory

operationalization

Which of the following statements concerning using animals in research is correct? a. there are no ethical guidelines when it comes to animals b. there are rules that prevent the killing of animals c. pain and suffering of animals are allowed, but only when necessary, and must be minimized as much as possible d. new ethical guidelines prevent the use of primates in psychological research

pain and suffering of animals are allowed, but only when necessary, and must be minimized as much as possible

Which treatment approach did Sigmund Freud develop for treating his patients? a. drug therapy b. neuropsychology c. clinical psychology d. psychoanalysis

psychoanalysis

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again? a. only if it is a primary reinforcer b. only if it is a positive reinforcer c. only if it is a negative reinforcer d. regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur

regardless of whether it is a positive or negative reinforcer, a reinforcer makes a response more likely to occur

Which of the following statements is CORRECT concerning the relation of sex and dreams? a. men and women typically dream about similar things b. men dream more each night then women c. research reports that men and women differ in the things they dream about d. women tend to dream twice as much as men

research reports that men and women differ in the things they dream about

Maricella is typing her term paper in the computer lab. Although a class is going on just a few feet way, she does not seem to notice. Which part of the brain allows Maricella to focus on her typing and ignore the distractions that surround her? a. reticular formation b. pons c. medulla d. cerebellum

reticular formation

A person will often take a barbiturate as a __________________. a. sleep aid b. vitamin supplement c. means of increasing behavioral arousal d. treatment for alcoholism

sleep aid

You find it hard to sleep due to your roommate's sleeping behavior. She snores quite a bit and at times it sounds as though she has great difficulty breathing. Your roommate may have ________. a. sleep apnea b. night terrors c. nightmares d. narcolepsy

sleep apnea

An animal is conditioned to salivate to a metronome using Pavlovian procedures. After the conditioning is established, the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears. Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days. When returned to the test situation, the conditioned response is seen again. The effect is known as ________. a. spontaneous recovery b. higher-order conditioning c. extinction d. stimulus generalization

spontaneous recovery

Caffeine is a ____________. a. stimulant b. depressant c. narcotic d. psychogenic drug

stimulant

A correlation coefficient shows that smoking and life expectancy are indeed related. As a result, a researcher could predict that __________________ if the direction of the relationship is known. a. if a person smokes a lot of cigarettes, he or she will have less money to buy monthly gas b. the person's life expectancy will go up or down based on the number of cigarettes the person smokes daily c. if a person smokes cigarettes, he or she will eventually develop lung cancer d. a person's lungs will repair themselves and he or she will live a longer life

the person's life expectancy will go up or down based on the number of cigarettes the person smokes daily

In a conditioning experiment, a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of the rabbit. After several pairings, the rabbit ultimately blinks its eye when it hears the sound. Which of the following is TRUE? a. the blinking of the eye serves as stimulus b. the puff of air serves as the unconditioned stimulus c. the puff of air serves as the conditioned stimulus d. the blinking of the eye serves as the conditioned stimulus

the puff of air serves as the unconditioned stimulus

Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism? a. They wanted to identify the major brain structures b. their primary goal was to understand the physiology of the mind c. they focused their efforts on analyzing the elements of the nervous system d. their primary focus was on describing the structure of the conscious mind

their primary focus was on describing the structure of the conscious mind