Psych 303 Quiz 1

____theory argues that we are motivated to process information in such a way as to maintain consistency between our beliefs,attitudes, and actions

Cognitive dissonance

An event that elicits a response as a result of having been paired with another event that elicits an innate response is called

a conditioned stimulus

According to Sternberg, romantic love involves

passion and intimacy

According to attribution theory

people are inclined to plan their actions

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that

people bring their cognitions in line with their behavior

Based upon the discussion in the text, humans are inclined to organize information according to certain rules, principles, and theories that give them the tendency to

trust their cognitive strictures even when they are no longer harmony with the world

In the preloading studies where subjects had to judge the quality of ice cream after preloading, nonrestrained eaters as compared to restrained eaters

tended to eat more after preloading

A child's weight

tends to be more highly correlated with mother's weight.

The example of running illustrates

that the initial motivation for engaging in a behavior may be quite different from the motivation that maintains that behavior

Within Piagets theory, accommodation has to do with

the development of cognitive structures

Monozygotic twins result from

the division of a single cell

The results from studies on pregnancy and nausea suggests that

the lower the pregnancy sickness,the higher the likelihood of birth defects

According to growth theorists, the underlying motivation for growth is

the need to successfully interact with the enviorment

The term mind, as opposed to brain, is often used by evolutionary psychologists

to emphasize the idea that the brain is made up of several intelligent systems

Which of the following implication of the results of Garcias stideies on learning to avoid eating things that make us sick

we are biologically prepared to make certain stimulus associations but not others

Which of the following challenged the vailidity of Hull's theory

The fact that learning can occur without biological drive reduction

Instrumental learning

Involves all of these

Which of the following is true of infatuated love

It results when passion occurs alone

According to current thinking

Needs provide the direction of behavior

Moods....

are useful in helping us to understand are redirect our behavior

Caloric waste" or increased metabolism is referred to as

catabolism

The reason humans are inclined to cook foods today can be explained by

cultural conditioning

According to the text, is that been argued that the ability to pursue goal-directed behavior comes largely from

having a well developed prefrontal cortex

Sheila tends to avoid meeting strangers and stays away from situations that are unfamiliar and those in which something unexpected may occure. Sheilas behavior may be due to

her BAS being less active then her BIS

Temperament refers to

how we react to the world and how we self-regulate ourselves

There is considerable evidence to argue that humans are designed to eat meat becasue

humans cannot produce vitamins A and B12m and not all of the other essential nutrients humans need can be found in a vegetarian diet

One of the main culprits in obesity is

hyperinsulinemia

Which of the following concepts is characterized as 'often existing at the preconscious level ad involving irrational and intuitive thinking as apposed to rational thinking'

implicit theory

Sexual scripts tell young (preadolescent) boys and girls how they should react to and treat each other

in sexual encounters.

Falling in love tends to

increase one's self-esteem

Research has shown that high arousal

increases the attractiveness of an attractive person

According to boundary theory restrained eaters maintain their weight by

increasing their sensitivity to satiety cues

Stereotypes often arise when people have

no personal knowledge and rely on the belief of other people

The consensus is that sexual behavior occurs in two major stages

nontactile followed by tactile

Lesions in the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus result in

overeating

Which of the following theorists held that the arousal,direction, and persistence of behavior are due to external reinforcement contingencies

Skinner

According to Gray's model of approach/avoidance motivation, the ____ is activated by conditioned signals or rewards and punishment

Behavioral Activation System

Activation of the _____ serves to promote the suppression of inappropriate behavior

Behavioral inhibition system

From a purely biological perspective, humans eat to

Humans eat for all these reasons

Which of the following most closely approximates a balanced diet for humans

15% protein, 55%carbs, 15%fats

It is generally accepted that obesity corresponds to

25% overweight.

Which of the following is an implication of Darwins Theory

That humans are not a special creation compared to animals

According to Hull's drive theory

Behavior=Drives X Habits

Which of the following has the most important implications for people with weight problems and their ability to lose weight by increasing theit level of physical activity

Fat is not readily converted into glucose

Which of the following statements is not true

Fats is readily converted to glucose for energy

Based upon the discussion in the text, which of the following is most likely to be correct?

Females are likely to prefer more 'foreplay' before sex than males.

_____ is though to play an important role in regulation of anxiety and information processing

GABA

According to Maslow

People are inclined to satisfy needs in a systematic (hierarchical) way

The top rung on Maslows needs hierarchy is the need for

Self-actualization

One of the important elements of achievement and success is...

The ability to delay short-term gratification

When talking to strangers, Jay seems to readily reveal personal details to them about his past that most people only reveal to friends. Based upon the discussion in the text, which of the following is likely to occur

The stranger will be put off (embarrassed) by Jay and try to avoid him

A central characteristic of people who self-regulate is that

They reflect on what went right and what went wrong

Which of the following is a true statement about males' attitudes towards sex?

They tend to focus on achievement and arousal

True of False Survival needs take precedence over mastery needs

True

True or False Humans are inclined to avoid all new or novel foods but ill sample them from time to time

True

According to set-point theory, overweight people were born with

a high set point

According to the hot/cold theory of delay of gratification, the failure of willpower is due to...

a poorly developed cool system

Long-term female mating strategies do not include as a primary requisite that the male has

a waist to hip ratio of .70

it has been suggested by Buck that humans tend to

act in a elfish of selfless manner when it is appropriate

How people categorize or label an event

affects both feelings and actions

Amino acids are important for

all of these

Carbohydrates are broken down to

all of these

One of the main problems with many synthetic toxins in our food today is...

all of these

When people become overweight they

all of these

Which of the following have been found to be sexually arousing

all of these have been found to be sexually arousing

A mastery orientation seems to flourish in

an environment characterized by threat

Sensation seekers tend to spend more time engaging in...

approach behaviors

The beliefs, attitudes, and values that people hold

are both copied and constructed

It has been suggested that sharing of food initially emerged when our human ancestors

became hunters.

According to social learning theory

behavior can be acquired through modeling and observation

Fourteen behaviors have been identified as part of the script leading up to intercourse. It has been found that sexual arousal

build linearly in men but not women.

Feelings...

can influence the approach or avoidant direction of behavior

Researchers have found that when depression is induced, subjects 'low-in self-restraint' tend to ______ subjects who are 'high in self-restraint'

eat significantly less than

According to Freud, when goal objects have been blocked

either the ego will make alternative plans or the energy may be redirected towards substitute goal objects

The tendency to share in the raising of offspring

emerged as an adaptation to deal with the problem of a vulnerable (undeveloped) offspring.

brain design is such that it triggers _____ which in turn, motivate us to act

emotions

What is/are the main "female" hormone

estrogen

Contemporary motivation theory assumes that all behavior represents an attempt to adapt. This illustrates a strong influence of _________ Psychology on current thinking about motivation

evolutionary

Evolutionary psychologists assume that humans

evolved to be a social animal

According to Masters and Johnson, which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in the human sexual response?

excitement, plateau, orgasmic, resolution

Need theorists became concerned as the number of supposed needs though to underlie motivation steadily grew. This concern is though to have been addressed by

factor anaysis

Female sexual scripts as compared to male sexual scripts tend to focus on

falling in love

Gram for gram

fats contain twice as many calories as carbohydrates

Which of the following taste preferences is/are thought to be inherited?

fatty and sweet

It has been shown that people who eat _______tend to eat less at some subsequent time

fructose

According to goal theory

goals create tension

Attractiveness of females is considered to be a sign of

good health

a fundamental assumption of growth theorists is that humans

have a biological disposition to develop mastery

The fact that we can build complex and high tech machines such as jets and computers

is an illustration of the concept of "extended adaptation" of the brain

Psychologists distinguish between hunger and eating because

it is eating, not hunger, that leads to being overweight, and we eat for reasons other than being hungry

Intimacy is a

learned skill

Internals perceive the cause of behavior

like within themselves

The fact that divorce peaks at four years in 62 different cultures is consistent with the idea that _________ is involved in love

phenylethylamine

The main concept used in social incentive theory is

positive reward

Jane eats alone. When she prepares her own pot of nutritious chili, she eats a normal-sized meal. However, when her mother prepares her nutritious chili and sends a pot to Jane, Jane finds it to be delicious compared to her own and consumes an over-sized meal. The difference in the sizes of the meals consumed

positive-incentive theory in action.

Oxytocin is a chemical produced by the brain that

produces feelings of attachment

Differences in _____ are thought to show that people are not equally sensitive to situational cues

self-monitoring

"hitting the wall" corresponds to

shifting from glycerol metabolism, to fat metabolism

The 'first line of defense' against eating foods that contain natural toxins is

smell and taste

Attention has been found to be

sometimes under voluntary and sometimes under involuntary control