psych 35-39

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of:

ADHD

Multiple personality is a type of (AP94)

DID

Following the failure of his business, Mr. Jones disappeared and was discovered two years later in another state practicing law without a license. When questioned, he responded that he had found himself in a strange city and could not remember any personal information. Mr. Jones most likely would be diagnosed with (AP14)

Dissociative fugue

Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and (AP94)

Lithium carbonate

People born in ________ during the month of ________ are at increased risk for schizophrenia.

North America; February

Joan displays anxiety, irritability, inability to concentrate, and apathy. She also re-experiences a disastrous event through nightmares and vivid memories. Joan is experiencing (AP14)

PTSD

Research on the causes of schizophrenia strongly suggests that:

a genetic predisposition

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that he could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from:

a sign of a panic attack

An immediate and irrational anxiety response to the mere sight of blood is indicative of:

a specific phobia

Among schizophrenia patients, the fluid-filled areas of the brain are:

abnormally large and the thalamus is abnormally small.

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult is indicative of:

agoraphobia

Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. The thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of:

agoraphobia

Maladaptive behaviors that reduce worry and fear are most indicative of:

an anxiety disorder

One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is:

an expressionless face

Which of the following is most descriptive of antisocial personality disorder? (AP04)

an inability to learn empathy for others and lack of remorse\

Which of the following personality disorders is characterized by behavior that includes dishonesty, repeated trouble with authority figures, and an absence of remorse for these types of conduct? (AP99)

antisocial

Phobic and panic disturbances are examples of which of the following kinds of disorder? (AP99)

anxiety

Kaylee is so afraid of spiders and insects that she avoids most outdoor activities and even refuses to go to the basement of her own house alone. Kaylee appears to suffer from:

arachnaphobia

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of:

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

A therapist using systematic desensitization to help a client overcome a fear of big dogs would probably begin treatment by asking the client to (AP14)

be comfortable around small dogs

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often:

bias our perceptions of the labeled person.

We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This is best explained from a ________ perspective.

biological

All of the following are anxiety disorders EXCEPT(AP13)

bipolar

Lithium carbonate is used to treat (AP14)

bipolar disorder

Rats who received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from:

classical conditioning

DSM-IV is most likely to be criticized for:

classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered.

Which of the following psychological theories would explain posttraumatic stress disorder as being the result of irrational beliefs and ideas? (AP 15)

cognitive

People who habitually wash their hands numerous times before going to bed most likely have (AP14)

compulsion

Delusional thinking is central to which of the following? (AP13)

delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions.

Mr. Hunt believes that he is the president of the United States and that he will soon become the "King of the Universe." Mr. Hunt is most clearly suffering from: 103. In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a "word salad"?

delusions

Among women, the stresses and demoralization of poverty are especially likely to precipitate:

depression

For several weeks--ever since she did not receive a raise that was given to several colleagues-Enid has lacked energy, has been unable to go to work, and has expected bad things to happen every day. Of the following, she is most likely experiencing (AP99)

depression

Psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is:

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.

Which of the following is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia? (AP94)

disordered thinking

Evidence suggests that prenatal viral infections contribute to:

dissociative disorder

Thomas is thirty years old and is very shy. He becomes anxious in social situations, so he avoids them. Thomas does not have close friends and rarely leaves his apartment. However, he writes a very successful and popular Internet blog, is usually content and calm while working at home, and has a positive relationship with his family. Psychologists would be hesitant to label Thomas as psychologically disordered because his behavior (AP 15)

doesn't appear to cause him distress

One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain? (AP99)

dopamine

Schizophrenia is associated with an excess of receptors for:

dopamine.

Which of the following has been most effective in the treatment of schizophrenia? (AP94)

drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites

Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT (AP99)

due to inappropriate child-rearing practices

A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:

excessive anxiety and worry with unguarded objects

Which of the following is a common symptom of the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

excessive energy

DSM-IV focuses on clinicians' reports of observable behavior in order to:

facilitate the reliability of diagnoses.

Freud suggested that for those suffering a generalized anxiety disorder, the anxiety is:

free-floating

Contemporary definitions of abnormality might include all of the following criteria EXCEPT (AP04)

gender

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from:

generalized anxiety disorder

Psychotic disorders frequently involve perceptions of nonexistent sensory stimulation, such as voices. Symptoms such as these are called (AP99)

hallucinations

Dopamine overactivity appears to be most clearly related to:

hallucinations.

Wilma is extremely agitated because she hears voices that tell her to sexually seduce the male nurses in her hospital ward. Wilma is most clearly suffering from:

hallucinations.

Vigorous activity in the thalamus of schizophrenia patients has been found to be associated with:

hearing voices.

Specific phobia differs from generalized anxiety disorder in which of the following ways? (AP 15)

idk

Obsessive thoughts typically ________ anxiety and compulsive behaviors typically ________ anxiety.

increase; decrease

An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia. The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia.

increase; do not increase

Obsessions are:

intrusive, offensive, and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person

Julius is obsessed with avoiding germs and feels compelled to bathe at least 10 times every day. His therapist suggests that Julius continues his maladaptive bathing because this behavior temporarily reduced his anxiety on many past occasions. The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

learning

Luke suffers from acrophobia, a fear of high places. Luke's therapist suggests that his reaction to heights is a generalization of the fear triggered by a childhood playground accident in which he fell off a sliding board. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

learning

Melissa is fearful of men and refuses to go out on dates. Her therapist suggests that she is fearful because she was sexually abused by her father when she was young. The therapist's suggestion most clearly reflects a ________ perspective.

learning

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. Over the past 20 years a(n) ________ proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.

less, increasing

It would be most difficult to use the ________ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Western cultures.

medical model

In comparison to generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder is characterized by periods of distress that are:

more intense and less prolonged

Psychologists are least likely to suggest that ________ contribute(s) to the development of schizophrenia.

neglectful child-rearing practices

As Jordan watches, his brother receives an electric shock from touching the frayed cord to the toaster. Jordan is now intensely afraid of toasters. This best illustrates that fear can be learned through:

observational learning

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of:

obsession

Repeatedly washing your hands is to ________ as repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________.

obsession; compultion

Inattention, hyperactivity, and35. Cecil is preoccupied with thoughts of jumping out the window of his tenthfloor apartment. In order to reduce his anxiety, he frequently counts his heartbeats aloud. Cecil would most likely be diagnosed as experiencing:

ocd

The billionaire aviator Howard Hughes insisted that his assistants carry out elaborate hand-washing rituals and wear white gloves when handling any document he would later touch. His behavior best illustrated the symptoms of:

ocd

Distrust of others is symptomatic of (AP94)

paranoia

Delusions of persecution are most common among those with ________ schizophrenia.

paranoid

Incapacitating efforts to avoid specific anxiety-producing situations is most indicative of certain:

phobias

Those with ________ symptoms of schizophrenia more often have a(n) ________ condition that responds to drug therapy.

positive; acute

The basic purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to

provides a set of diagnostic categories for classifying psychological disorders

According to the ________ perspective, anxiety is sometimes produced by the submerged mental energy associated with repressed impulses.

psychoanalytic

An individual survives a period of captivity and exhibits behaviors that include anxiety, inability to concentrate, depression, edginess, and the re experience of stressful events. These symptoms illustrate which of the following disorders? (AP04)

ptsd

Some psychologists believe that partly due to a broadening definition of trauma, mental health professionals have been overdiagnosing:

ptsd

Two years after being brutally beaten and raped, Brianna still experiences jumpy anxiety and has trouble sleeping and vivid flashbacks of her assault. Brianna is most clearly showing signs of:

ptsd

Sudden development of symptoms is to gradual development of symptoms as ________ schizophrenia is to ________ schizophrenia.

reactive; chronic

Most political dissidents who survive dozens of episodes of torture do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor:

resiliency

If identical twins share a single placenta rather than having separate placentas, their chances of being similarly affected by ________ are dramatically increased.

schizophrenia

A breakdown in selective attention is most likely to be experienced by those who suffer from:

schizophrenia.

Flat affect and catatonia are symptoms most closely associated with:

schizophrenia.

Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the psychiatric hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from:

schizophrenia.

Low birth weight is a known risk factor for:

schizophrenia.

When children are told that certain classmates are learning disabled, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of these students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of:

self-fulfilling prophecies

The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of:

social circumstances and psychological factors.

An incapacitating and highly distressing fear about being embarrassed in the presence of others is most characteristic of:

social phobia

A college student experiences a loss of sensation in her right arm before exams. Doctors can find no physiological basis for her condition. This student is most likely experiencing which of the following kinds of disorders? (AP04)

somatoform

Alan is sure something is wrong with him, even though his doctor has not found any physiological basis for his complaints. He returns to the doctor every few weeks to report symptoms of new illnesses based on information he reads. Alan is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following types of disorders? (AP14)

somatoform

Which of the following treatments is most frequently used to eliminate specific phobias? (AP04)

systematic desensitization

Which of the following treatments would be most effective for someone who experiences a rapid heartbeat, light-headedness, and nausea when speaking in public? (AP 15)

systematic desensitization

A World Health Organization study of 20 countries estimated that ________ had the highest prevalence of mental disorders during the prior year.

the US

Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interaction of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by:

the biopsychosocial approach

The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of:

the medical model

Which of the following best characterizes individuals diagnosed as having personality disorders? (AP94)

they may function reasonably erll in society

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from (AP94)

when they think that they no longer have control over rewards and punishments in