Psych 381 Midterm

Which of the following statements is true about catharsis?

It allowed the therapist to elicit important psychological material more easily.

What is a limitation of using CT technology?

It exposes patients to X-rays.

Which of the following statements is true of the state of mental health care in the United States?

Many states have increased co-payments and controlled drug costs.

______ assess a number of features of the client including appearance, behavior, mood and affect, cognition, and judgment.

Mental status exams

Which of the following was an outcome of the rapid growth of the moral treatment movement?

Physicians, nurses, and other caretakers did not have enough time to give each patient the attention he or she needed.

Which of the following is the independent variable in a study that investigates the impact of religious environments on discipline problems in children?

Religious environments

Which of the following is NOT true about language during an assessment?

Seldom do interpreters misunderstand and mistranslate a clinician's questions and the client's answers.

Which of the following statements about child psychopathology is incorrect?

Teachers' assessments of children are always similar to the assessments of other adults, including parents and trained clinicians.

Which of the following statements about violence and mental disorder is NOT true?

The most important factor in considering the likelihood of violence is substance abuse.

Which of the following is not a right of research subjects?

The right to know all deceptions used in the research

Which type of study, if done correctly, may establish a causal relationship?

Therapy outcome studies

One of the new diagnostic features of DSM-5 is that it

adds a continuum or dimensional perspective.

A major problem for correlational studies is that they

cannot establish whether one variable causes another.

Which of the following is not an appropriate treatment for anxiety disorders?

electroshock therapy

Korsakoff's syndrome is characterized by:

global retrograde amnesia associated with severe alcohol consumption.

A statistical technique for summarizing the results across several studies is called a

meta-analysis

Biochemicals that carry impulses from one neuron to another in the brain and in other parts of the nervous system are called

neurotransmitters

Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) is usually characterized by:

sensory and motor deficits.

In addition to treating anxiety, benzodiazapines are commonly used to help people

sleep

Crisis intervention aims to reduce the risk of an imminent suicide attempt by providing suicidal persons:

someone to talk with who understands their feelings and problems.

Studies of male prison inmates have shown that the most common mental disorders in this population are

substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder.

Which of the following statements is false

As many as 50%of adults have occasional panic attacks

Historically, which three types of theories have been used to define abnormal behavior?

Biological, supernatural, and psychological

In the context of cross-cultural treatment, which of the following statements is true?

Both women and men tend to report that they prefer a therapist of the same gender.

The biological approach to abnormality focuses on all of the following causes of abnormality EXCEPT:

poor physiological responses.

What type of therapy is most successful in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in nearly 60% of those who suffer from this condition?

A combination of behavior therapy and medication.

Martha was distraught when she discovered her husband had been involved with another woman and had a child with the other woman. She constantly tries to understand why her husband cheated on her, thinking thoughts such as "I'm so stupid for not realizing what was going on," and, "I should have been more attentive to his needs." Which type of cognition is Martha most likely exhibiting?

Causal attribution

According to Freud, which structure seeks to gratify our wishes and needs in ways that are within the rules of society for their appropriate expression?

Ego

DSM-5 has added the words ________ to the DID criterion A. This makes the criteria more applicable to diverse cultural groups and to identify a common presentation of DID in non-Western cultures as well as subgroups in Western cultures.

"or an experience of possession"

A clinician asks a couple to engage in discussion about an area of disagreement to observe their interaction. What is this called?

Behavioral observation

What are "the four Ds" of abnormality?

Dysfunction, distress, deviance, and dangerousness

According to the sociocultural approach, which of the following factors increases an individual's susceptibility to mental health problems?

Living in a country that has been ravaged by war or struck by natural disaster

Which of the following type of tests was designed to uncover unconscious issues or motives?

Projective

Which of the following is not a side effect of lithium in the treatment of mood disorders?

The development of eating disorders

Cindy's mood has become increasingly unstable since her traffic accident, in which she obtained a serious brain injury. She often experiences bouts of aggression and fits of rage in reaction to the slightest provocation. At other times, she is overly passive and fails to recognize direct threats. In which area of Cindy's brain has the damage most likely occurred?

The limbic system

Which of the following rights is not recognized in some states, however, in most states can be overruled in many circumstances?

The right to refuse treatment

Which of the following statements is true of mental health courts and drug courts?

These courts tend to be controversial as they may coerce offenders into treatment.

________ noted that, throughout history, societies have labeled individuals and groups abnormal in order to justify controlling or silencing them.

Thomas Szasz

What are the goals of cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating depression?

To change negative and hopeless patterns of thinking while helping the individual develop more effective life skills

Suicide may become more common in adolescence than in childhood for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

adolescents are generally more prone to impulsive behaviors, whereas children tend to be more cautious.

Organic amnesia often involves the inability to remember new information, known as ________ amnesia.

anterograde

People diagnosed with general anxiety disorder (GAD):

are often excessively worried about almost all situations

On Lee's first visit to a psychologist's office, the psychologist asks him a series of questions about his personal and family history. These questions:

are part of his initial interview.

these drugs provide short term relief from anxiety symptoms but have side effects that preclude long-term use

benzodiazepines

Freyd and colleagues (2007) suggest that individuals who dissociate from, and forget, their abusive experiences are most likely to perform differently from other individuals in

cognitive tasks.

The DSM-5 identifies different forms of depression. These are called

comorbid symptoms, subtypes, or subspecies

What is the primary advantage of human laboratory studies?

control

To control third variables in an experimental study, researchers

create a control condition.

According to behavioral theories of depression,

depressive behaviors often are reinforced by the sympathy and attention they bring about in other people.

Depersonalization/derealization disorder is characterized by:

experiences in which the person feels detached from his/her mental processes, body, or surroundings.

Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. This is known as a

factitious disorder imposed on another.

In a sixth and most recent reform of the insanity defense, some states have adopted as an alternative to the verdict "not guilty by reason of insanity" the verdict of

guilty but mentally ill.

Jamie says that he hears voices telling him to hurt himself. This type of symptom is called a(n)

hallucination.

The first Act for Regulating Madhouses, enacted in England, was created in part to:

improve the deplorable conditions of mental institutions.

The purpose of a/an____________ is to assess deficits in the way an individual handles difficult situations.

intelligence test/behavioral observation

The cognitive revolution shifted psychological perspectives away from behavior toward

internal processes such as attention, interpretation of events, and beliefs.

Which of the following is true of social anxiety disorder?

it is more likely than specific phobia to cause disruptions in daily life

In the brain, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin are found in large quantities in the

limbic system.

People with bipolar II disorder experience episodes that meet the criteria for major depression, but have:

milder episodes of mania known as hypomania.

In Latino cultures, chronic anxiety-like symptoms are referred to as

nervios

The insanity defense:

only requires that the client be judged insane at the time of committing the illegal act.

The finding that behaviors followed by positive consequences are more likely to be repeated than behaviors followed by negative consequences is known as

operant conditioning.

Cognitive factors associated with suicide include cognitive rigidity, rumination, perfectionism, and

poor problem solving.

When a woman believes she is pregnant, but physical examination and laboratory tests show negative results, this syndrome is called

pseudocyesis

People diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder frequently have periods of all of the following EXCEPT

psychotic disorders.

When each participant has an equal chance of being in the experimental group or control group, this is known as

random assignment.

People who tend to hold dysfunctional assumptions often react to situations with all of the following EXCEPT:

rational behaviors.

Incompetency to stand trial differs from insanity in legal terms in that it:

refers to the inability of the defendant to understand the charges against him.

The sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder argues that what appear to be different personalities in patients are actually ________ that help deal with stresses in their lives.

roles

All of these are considered typical responses to a threat, except

suicide

Patric Vietnam war veteran having recurring nightmares of being on the frontline. His psychologist helps him with relaxation techniques, this is called

systematic desensitization

The ruling in Durham v. United States (1954) established:

that the insanity defense could be used for any crimes that were the product of a mental disease or mental defect.

An IQ score of 100 means that

the client performed similarly to the average performance of other people of the same age.

A major problem in applying the M'Naghten rule to the insanity defense is determining:

the definition of a disease of the mind.

What differentiates flooding from systematic desensitization

the intensity of the exposure to the feared stimuli

Prior to the mid-twentieth century, in the United States, ________ was sufficient cause to hospitalize people against their will and force them to undergo treatment.

the need for treatment

In epidemiological studies, the incidence of a disorder is

the number of new cases of the disorder that develop during a specific period of time.

When an observer takes into account the context or circumstances surrounding someone's behavior to determine whether they are normal or abnormal, it means that:

the observer considers the behavior normal if it seems appropriate for that particular situation.

Statistical significance represents:

the probability that the results of a research study occurred by chance.

Cognitive theories focus on

thoughts and beliefs.