Psych

Threadlike structures that contain DNA are known as

chromosomes.

In the zygote, the unpaired chromosomes

combine to form one set of 23 paired chromosomes.

Which of the following is a rapidly emerging field in human development?

developmental cognitive neuroscience

David and Allison are twins but developed from separate eggs and sperm. Therefore, they are ________ twins.

dizygotic

The endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm develop during the ________ period.

embryonic

The sperm and the egg fuse together to form a single cell during

fertilization.

Which is the longest period in prenatal development?

fetal

zygotic twins

fraternal twins

Human reproductive cells are called

gametes

Genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

Every one of us started out as a single cell that contained all our

genetic material.

temporal lobe

hearing

Which of the following characteristics are part of a person's phenotype?

height, hair color and disease susceptible

Chronosystem

historical changes that influence the other systems

monozygotic twins

identical twins

Which of the following is an example of the exosystem in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?

A child's parent gets a promotion and must spend more time away from home, which negatively affects the child's development.

Developmental social neuroscience focuses on

the connections between development, socioemotional processes, and the brain.

In some cases, one gene of a pair always exerts its effect, overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is called

the dominant-recessive genes principle.

Exosystem (Bronfenbrenner)

A child's parent gets a promotion and must spend more time away from home, which negatively affects the child's development.

At birth, the average baby's brain has as many as ________ neurons, nerve cells that handle information processing.

20 to 100 billion

How many pairs of chromosomes does each cell contain?

23

Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes

23

The bag or envelope in which the developing embryo floats is called the

amnion.

Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory of development states that development is shaped by the influences of ________ factors and is comprised of five different systems.

Environmental

Which of the following is true of a zygote?

It contains 23 unpaired chromosomes from the egg and 23 unpaired chromosomes from the sperm.

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the field of human development?

It involves biological, cognitive and socioemotional processes

Which of the following is a sex-linked chromosomal abnormality?

Klinefelter syndrome

_, the generation of new neurons, is a process that continues through the prenatal period but is largely complete by the end of the fifth month after conception.

Neurogenesis

The study of human development has revealed that biological, socioemotional, and cognitive processes

are frequently bidirectional, meaning they influence each other.

Fraternal twins

are no more similar than ordinary siblings.

Macrosystem

attitudes and ideologies of the culture

Susan and Lon both have brown hair, but they have a blond-haired child. This is possible because

both Susan and Lon passed on a recessive gene for blond hair.

Whether or not a gene is active or not is influenced by

both nature and nurture.

positive correlation

The less interesting the lecture, the less likely you are to remember everything the instructor said.

Emily and Robin are sisters. They were originally a single zygote that split into two. Which of the following is true of Emily and Robin?

They are identical twins

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the periods of development?

They divide childhood and adulthood each into several periods of development.

Which of the following is true of fertilization?

With the pairing of chromosomes, each parent contributes half of an offspring's genetic material.

passive

accepting or allowing what happens or what others do, without active response or resistance.

Which layer of embryonic cells eventually becomes the circulatory system, bones, and muscle?

mesoderm

A child whose siblings treat her poorly may have trouble developing positive relationships with classmates. According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, this is an example of the

mesosystem

According to Bronfenbrenner, the ________ is the setting in which the individual lives and has direct interaction with social agents, such as peers and family.

microsystem

In the field of human development, most developmentalists believe that

nature and nurture, stability and change, and continuity and discontinuity are involved throughout the human life span.

three development patterns of aging

normal aging, pathological aging, successful aging

The ________ of each cell contains chromosomes.

nucleus

In the context of the study of human development, ________ refers to an organism's environmental experiences, while ________ refers to its biological inheritance.

nurture; nature

The processes of development

occur from the prenatal period through late adulthood.

evocative

others responds cause you to act in different ways

The trophoblast is the

outer layer of cells that develops during the germinal period.

Phenotype

physical characteristics of an organism

The building blocks of cells are ________, which are manufactured at the direction of genes.

proteins

A genetic disorder that impairs the body's red blood cells is called

sickle-cell anemia.

Fertilization results in a single cell, which is known as a

zygote