Psych. Ch. 11

the limbic system and the frontal lobes are the brain structures related to

aggression

_________ are evaluations of people behaviors, beliefs, and concepts

attitudes

_________ theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behaviors are.

attribution

the view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior

attribution theory

the tendency for an individual who observes an emergency to help less when other people are present than when the observer is alone

bystander effect

what type of love occurs later in a relationship and is characterized by strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved?

companionate love

cognitive ____________ is the conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts

dissonance

___________ involves giving to another person to ensure reciprocity; to gain self-esteem, or to present oneself as powerful or caring

egoism

the ___________ likelihood model theory identifies two ways by which a message can be persuasive

elaboration

_________ can produce altruistic behaviors even towards members of rival groups

empathy

what is a key emotion involved in altruism, and happens when we feel a oneness with the emotional state of another?

empathy

what research method do social psychologists use most often?

experimental

T/F: when research participants were in a room filling with smoke, they were less likely to get help if they were alone than if another bystander were present

false

the _____________ attribution error is the tendency to explain other's behavior in terms of their personality rather than aspects of their situation

fundamental

observers' overestimation of the importance of internal

fundamental attribution error

___________ is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view

groupthink

_________ are cognitive shortcuts that enable us to make decisions rapidly

heuristics

a model of relationships that emphasizes the way commitment, investment, and the availability of attractive alternate partners predict satisfaction in a relationship, is describing which model of close relationships?

investment model

the bystander effect makes it __________ likely an individual will help someone in need when other people are around

less

the _______ _____________ effect means that the more we encounter someone (or something), the more likely we will are to start liking the person or thing

mere exposure

when we feel compassion for another person, areas of the midbrain associated with the perception of ____________ are activated

pain

what type of love is a state of intense absorption in someone that includes more intense physiological arousal

passionate

________ _____________ refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

person perception

the processes by which an individual uses social stimuli to form impressions of others

person perception

what would a social psychologist be most likely to study?

personal attitudes and the perception of others

__________ involves trying to change someone's attitudes and/or their behavior

persuasion

evolutionary psychologists focus on gender differences in the accounting of attraction. the goal for both sexes is to _____________

procreate

when considering the factors of attraction, there is physical closeness, otherwise known as ___________. there is also acquaintance, and ________________.

proximity; similarity

______________ is a key aspect of altruistic behavior

reciprocity

__________-______________ is the degree to which we have positive or negative feelings about ourselves

self esteem

________-____________ theory explains the connection between attitudes and behaviors by suggesting that individuals make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own behavior

self perception

what is the term for expectations about a future event or behavior that act to increase the likelihood that the event or behavior will occur?

self-fulfilling prophecy

the _______-______________ bias refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures

self-serving

________ comparison is the process by which we compare ourselves to others

social

________ exchange theory is the equity in a relationship

social

_________ identity is a way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership

social

___________ ____________ is the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information

social cognition

the area of social psychology exploring how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information

social cognition

the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people

social psychology

social psychology is similar to another social science, ____________. However, social psychology emphasizes how individuals influence groups and how groups influence individuals.

sociology

____________ threat is one's fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about his or her group

stereotype

a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another

stereotype

pam's new friend is a librarian so pam assumes that she is intellectual, politically liberal, shy, not very social, and a vegetarian. pam's thinking on this describes _____________

stereotyping

T/F: the physical attractiveness of an individual delivering a message can affect how persuasive the message is

true

sierra arrives at work late but says it isn't her fault because there was car accident on the highway. sierra is attributing her lateness to a(n) ____________ cause

uncontrollable