Psych Ch 11

In the context of social behavior, which of the following best explains the bystander effect?

People tend to others for cues about how to behave.

_____ refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.

Person perception

_____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures.

Self-serving bias

Which of the following defines conformity?

a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

In _____, social expectations cause individuals to act in ways that make their expectations come true.

a self-fulfilling prophecy

Which of the following refers to the inferences that we make in order to explain the causes of others' behavior?

attribution

The tendency of an individual who obverses an emergency to be less likely to help when other people are present than when the observer is alone is known as the

bystander effect.

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen conducted a study in 1968. The researchers told grade-school teachers that five students were likely to be "late bloomers"—that these students had high levels of ability that would likely emerge over time. In reality, the students had been randomly selected by the researchers. Nonetheless, a year later, the researchers found that teachers' expectations for the "late bloomers" were reflected in student performance—the academic performance of the "late bloomers" was beyond that of other students. The results from this study demonstrate which of the following concepts?

self-fulfilling prophecy

The process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others is known as

social comparison.

A _____ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.

stereotype