PSYCH- CH.13 Examples

Does research support the consistency of personality traits over time and across situations?

A person's average traits persist over time and are predictable over many different situations. But traits cannot predict behavior in any one particular situation

With respect to the major personality theories described in the textbook, _____ is to social-cognitive as _____ is to humanistic.

Bandura; Rogers

How did Freud's treatment of psychological disorders lead to his view of the unconscious mind?

In treating patients whose disorders had no clear physical explanation, Freud concluded that these problems reflected unacceptable thoughts and feelings, hidden away in the unconscious mind. To explore this hidden part of a patient's mind, Freud used free association and dream analysis.

In a psychology class debate on the humanistic perspective, Riley needs to take the opposing view and rebut its positive aspects. Which criticism of the humanistic perspective would Riley cite?

The descriptions of self-actualizing people reflect Maslow's personal values.

reciprical determinism

Type of Social-cognitive Perspective: Our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and environment all interact with each other to determine our actions in a given situation

self-actualization

according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential

unconditional positive regard

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

personality traits

enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior

The life story approach to personality assessment is MOST likely to be practiced by a _____ psychologist.

humantistic

Marsha just received an income tax refund of $1500. Rather than using this money for some needed expenses, she decides to go out of town. She gets a hotel room with her friends, goes out to eat, spends the day at an amusement park, and finally goes to a nightclub. She seems to be dominated by the:

id

Using such techniques as dream analysis and free association, Dr. Brown tries to reveal and understand a client's unconscious conflicts. Dr. Brown is BEST described as a _____ therapist.

psychoanalytic

Dr. Berger believes that behavior generally reflects conscious and unconscious attempts to manage conflicts and tensions of which an individual is often unaware. Dr. Berger appears to have a _____ theory of personality.

psychodynamic

Anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentially threatening events. Their personality shape how they interpret and react to events. In turn, their reactions influence subsequent events in a way that often reinforces their anxiety. This BEST illustrates the concept of:

reciprocal determinism

"We were arguing and the gun just went off!" This statement illustrates one's tendency to accept less responsibility for one's bad deeds. This is called:

self serving bias

Chris is giving a speech tomorrow and is worried because he just got an unflattering haircut. He is convinced everyone will stare at his hair and will discuss his unattractive haircut. Chris' overestimation of people's reactions is known as:

spotlight effect

Ian is an inexpressive person who is taking part in a research study on personality. He is being encouraged to be more expressive. At the end of the study, researchers will MOST likely notice that Ian was:

still less expressive than expressive individuals acting naturally.

socail facilitation

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Maria does not have a very good driving record. She has gotten several tickets for running red lights, speeding, and not wearing her seat belt. When asked by the judge at her more recent court appearance why she continually violated driving laws, Maria stated that she was certain others did the same, including the judge. Today's researchers would call this:

the false consensus effect

internal locus of control

the perception that you control your own fate

internal personal factors

thoughts, feelings, and biological characteristics that make you who you are

possible self

what individuals might become, what they would like to become, and what they are afraid of becoming