Psych Chapter 12

People who are easygoing, relaxed, and don't let things get to them are classified as:

Type B.

Devonte has just finished a brutal tour of duty against opposing forces. He lost a number of his friends but continued to fight, despite the death around him. The two stress hormones at play in Devonte's situation are:

cortisol and adrenaline.

Nancy is a doctor who has spent the past year volunteering at a clinic in a war-ravaged developing nation. She has seen many patients lose their lives in the conflict, but she does her job to the best of her ability. The two stress hormones at play in Nancy's system are:

cortisol and adrenaline.

Psychologist Mark Seery and his colleagues studied the link between _____, or the total amount of negative events experienced in a lifetime, and health outcomes.

cumulative adversity

Mrs. Jones has been caring for her terminally ill mother for a year now. She has continued to work at a demanding job, and she has three teenagers. These long-term stressors should _____ telomerase activity, thereby potentially _____ the telomeres.

decrease; shortening

Juanita suffered only superficial injuries in the car accident that took the life of her best friend. Along with her intense grief, Juanita's cuts and bruises are taking a very long time to heal. Her slow healing could be considered a(n) _____ effect of her stress.

direct

Tension headaches and heart attacks are ways in which stress can _____ affect one's health.

directly

Gregory was very disappointed when he wasn't accepted into the graduate program at State University. On reflection, however, he decided that the preparations he made in putting his application together and the knowledge he gained from the interview were very beneficial experiences. Gregory is using a(n) _____ strategy called _____.

emotion-focused; positive reappraisal

Specialized white blood cells that fight bacterial and viral infections are called:

lymphocytes

Rajul, from India, came to America three years ago because her husband was offered a job in rural Idaho. One year after they arrived, Rajul's husband died in an accident, leaving her penniless. She can't speak English well and therefore can't interact with others in the community; consequently, she spends much of her time alone. There are no Indians in the area, and she hasn't enough money to return to India or move to a city. According to the Culture and Human Behavior box titled "The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture," Rajul is an example of which pattern of acculturation?

marginalized

A technique in which practitioners focus awareness on present experience with acceptance is called:

mindfulness meditation.

What is an indirect behavior caused by stress that can jeopardize a person's health?

not sleeping properly

According to the three types of social support defined in the In Focus box titled "Providing Effective Social Support" in the textbook, informational support involves:

offering helpful suggestions or advice.

Sixty-year-old Lianne is a widow, lives alone, has very few friends, and rarely interacts with other people, except at work. Research suggests that compared to people who have many social contacts and relationships, social isolation such as Lianne's is correlated with:

poor health and higher death rates.

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way one interacts with that stressor is known as _____ coping.

problem-focused

After his third month of low sales, Ali is called into the sales manager's office and told that he had better start meeting his quota or he will be laid off. The manager appears to be coping with the problem of low sales by using a(n) _____ strategy called _____.

problem-focused; confrontive coping

When reading the In Focus box entitled "Gender Differences in Response to Stress," the evolutionary perspective would suggest that women and men have different behavioral responses to stress. A female's tend-and-befriend way of responding is, according to researchers, a way of:

promoting the survival of both the individual and the individual's offspring.

According to the Critical Thinking box titled "Do Personality Factors Cause Disease?", one way researchers try to disentangle the relationship between personality and health is through a carefully controlled _____ study, whereby an initially healthy group of participants are assessed on variables thought to be risk factors and then tracked for a subsequent period.

prospective

According to the three types of social support defined in the In Focus box titled "Providing Effective Social Support" in the textbook, tangible support involves:

providing transportation, money, or help with tasks.

During which phase of the general adaptation syndrome reaction does the body adapt to its high state of arousal in an attempt to cope with the stressor?

resistance

Duong, from Vietnam, came to America to work for his cousin who runs a factory. Now, 12 years later, Duong still doesn't speak English fluently, lives in a community where only Vietnamese is spoken, and avoids others who aren't from Vietnam. According to the Culture and Human Behavior box titled "The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture," Duong is an example of which patterns of acculturation?

separated

Edith often works more than 10 hours a day, seven days a week. She gets angry that her co-workers don't work the same hours she does and will often cast her boss in a negative light to management in hopes of getting his job herself. She constantly checks her e-mail and phone to make sure she jumps on any possible sales leads before her colleagues. Edith is a Type _____ personality.

A

Reena has a very successful accounting practice and frequently works 60 hours or more a week. She has to manage her time efficiently in order to keep up with the demands of her career and family life. Despite all the pressure, Reena loves her job, is always kind and considerate to her employees, and has a cheerful personality. Which statement is MOST likely to be true of Reena?

Because she is low in hostility, her risk of developing coronary disease is no higher than that of anyone else.

Based on his cultural heritage, who is MOST apt to seek a family member during a stressful period?

Chang, a 30-year-old from China

_____ support includes expressions of concern, empathy, and positive regard.

Emotional

_____ support includes helpful suggestions, advice, or possible resources for help.

Informational

Lily is under a lot of stress at her job. She can't quit, but she also hasn't been able to get help from her co-workers. In order to minimize the adverse impact of stress on her physical and psychological well-being, what should Lily do?

Learn a relaxation technique.

The American psychologist BEST known for ground-breaking research on the role of explanatory styles in stress, health, and illness is:

Martin Seligman.

According to the In Focus box entitled "Providing Effective Social Support," which is NOT a recommended behavior for helping someone in distress?

Offer unsolicited advice.

_____ seems to be just as potent a health risk as smoking, high blood cholesterol, or obesity.

Social isolation

People who are competitive, super-motivated, impatient, and verbally aggressive are likely to be classified as:

Type A.

When Darcy was taking her statistics exam, she was very anxious and nervous. According to research described in the textbook, the stress of exams:

adversely affects her immune system.

When Sanjeev went to Britain to attend one of the top universities in the country, he was enthralled by all things English and decided that he would like to live there permanently. He took up cricket, lawn bowling, and polo, preferred to be called Sandy rather than Sanjeev, and enthusiastically embraced the "pub" culture of his adopted home. According to the Culture and Human Behavior box titled "The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture" in the textbook, it appears that Sanjeev has adopted a pattern of acculturation called _____ and has probably experienced a _____ degree of stress as a result of abandoning his old cultural identity.

assimilation; moderate

A person's level of optimism or pessimism tends to _____ over time.

be fairly stable

Activities such as making a gratitude list can lead to:

calmness and relaxation

George's business has been struggling for most of the year. He has been working more than 70 hours a week since he can no longer afford to employ help. He just got a call from the bank saying it is cutting off his line of credit. With that news, he collapsed and had to be taken to the emergency room. According to Hans Selye, George is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

exhaustion stage

Anders has just received devastating news related to the auto repair shop he owns. Things seem very bleak because a nationally known competitor is moving in on the same block. Anders has many debts to pay off, and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears the bad news, his heart rate zooms and he feels faint, like he is in shock. According to Hans Selye, he is:

experiencing an alarm reaction.

Which action is MOST likely to help someone who is in need of social support?

expressing understanding about why the person feels upset

The subfield of _____ addresses the link between psychological factors and physical illnesses.

health psychology

The results of several studies looking at the benefits of social support on health and healing indicate that it can:

increase one's lifespan.

This morning, Barb must not only finish a research paper due this afternoon, but also prepare a presentation for her evening class tonight. Today's stress should _____ telomerase activity, thereby potentially _____ the telomeres.

increase; lengthening

After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Elijah found he couldn't sleep well, drank more alcohol, and smoked more cigarettes than he had prior to the attacks. The behaviors have had a negative impact on his health and are a(n) _____ effect of his stress.

indirect

Selina has lost her job. She has been combing the newspapers looking for another one and has been in contact with colleagues to inquire about a position at other firms. She is a bit embarrassed and still hasn't told any of her family about her stressful situation. From what sort of culture does Selina MOST likely come?

individualistic

Type A personality is to Type B personality as _____ is to _____.

irritable; calm

Dritan came to Italy when his family sailed a makeshift boat across the Adriatic to escape the turmoil in his native Albania. His family took residence with another family of refugees in a neighborhood made up entirely of Albanians. After 5 years, Dritan still speaks little Italian and has had trouble finding work at local businesses, which avoid hiring from the Albanian community. According to the Culture and Human Behavior box titled "The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture" in the textbook, it appears that Dritan has adopted a pattern of acculturation called _____ and has probably experienced a _____ degree of stress as a result of being isolated within this new culture.

separation; high

After their creation, lymphocytes migrate to other immune system organs, such as the _____, where they develop more fully and are stored until needed.

spleen

Rita and Richard both have a large network of social relationships, including close friends and family members. Compared with Richard, Rita may be potentially vulnerable to some of the problematic aspects of social support because:

women, in general, are more likely than men to suffer from the stress contagion effect.