psych chapter 12/13

_____ drugs reduce the level of anxiety a person can experience and increase feelings of well-being.

antianxiety

People with _____ anxiety disorder worry about work, health, and relationships, but also about little things, such as whether their clothes fit just right.

generalized

A _____ disorder is characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately in society. dissociative depressive mood personality

personality

Psychoanalysts see a lack of cooperation during therapy as the unconscious strategy called _____. transference latency resistance a lack of authenticity

resistance

Approximately _____ percent of individuals who commit suicide are estimated to have a diagnosable psychological disorder. 75 50 25 90

90

Which of the following are true in regard to schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.) A common cause of relapse is failure to take medications. It is a serious psychological disorder. It is characterized by disordered thought. A person may develop multiple personalities.

A common cause of relapse is failure to take medications. It is a serious psychological disorder. It is characterized by disordered thought.

A neurodevelopmental disorder that is marked by persistent problems in maintaining attention and difficulty engaging in quiet activities is _____. ADHD schizophrenia anxiety disorder ASD

ADHD

_____ drugs make an individual calmer and less excitable. Antitropic Antisedative Antianxiety Antipsychological

Antianxiety

_____ is characterized by a failure to conform to social norms, deceitfulness, impulsivity, reckless disregard for the safety of self or others, and lack of remorse. Borderline personality disorder Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following are considered to be the four major approaches to psychotherapy? Electroconvulsive Behavioral Cognitive Dialectical Psychodynamic Humanistic

Behavioral Cognitive Psychodynamic Humanistic

_____-eating disorder is characterized by recurrent patterns of eating large amounts of food during which a person feels a lack of control.

Binge

Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are all examples of what kind of therapy? Gestalt Psychotherapy Humanistic Biological

Biological

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major approaches to psychotherapy? Behavior Humanistic Biological Cognitive Psychodynamic

Biological

A disorder that has to do with OCD and has been included in the DSM-5 is which of the following? Schizophrenia Dissociative disorder Body dysmorphic disorder Anorexia

Body dysmorphic disorder

Bonnie has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. Her sense of self is unstable, and she is often irritable and unpredictable. Which of the following personality disorders best describes Bonnie? Paranoid Borderline Passive-aggressive Obsessive-compulsive

Borderline

Biological views of psychological disorders fall into which three main categories? Brain Personality Genetic Neurotransmitter functioning

Brain Genetic Neurotransmitter functioning

Which of the following situations describes the definition of a phobia? Allysa experiences discrete episodes of terror, problems breathing, dizziness, and a concern that she is going crazy. Marilyn is very nervous much of the time, so nervous that she has problems functioning. Brent is deathly afraid of spiders, and this is a problem for him because he repairs heating systems.

Brent is deathly afraid of spiders, and this is a problem for him because he repairs heating systems.

The three most common eating disorders are which of the following? Bulimia nervosa Anorexia nervosa Binge eating Fugue eating Purge eating

Bulimia nervosa Anorexia nervosa Binge eating

_____ is the simultaneous presence of two or more disorders in one person. Abnormality Codependent Disordered Comorbidity

Comorbidity

True or false: Most clinical psychologists also have an MD or medical degree. True False

False

True or false: Schizophrenia is caused exclusively by biological factors. True False

False

What disorder is characterized by long-term, persistent anxiety, and uncontrollable worry? Obsessive compulsive disorder Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Schizophrenia Agoraphobia

Generalized anxiety disorder

Many factors contribute to eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Religious influence Biological Genes Social

Genes Social Biological

What are some examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.) Hallucinations Lack of emotion Reduced goal-directed behavior Delusions

Hallucinations Delusions

The "pseudo-patient" study by David Rosenhan was a classic study that illustrated which of the following? How labels are neutral in that they can mean whatever people want them mean How labels can be hard to remove once they are applied That it is better to be labeled; otherwise, you risk being rejected from a hospital. That without labels, it is impossible to tell who is healthy and who may be psychologically disturbed

How labels can be hard to remove once they are applied

ADHD is characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Intense focus Hyperactivity Inattention Impulsivity Flat affect

Hyperactivity Inattention Impulsivity

Which of the following best represent the symptoms of PTSD? (Select all that apply.) The need to repeat certain behaviors in order to reduce anxiety Impulsive outbursts of behavior Problems with memory and concentration Flashbacks

Impulsive outbursts of behavior Problems with memory and concentration Flashbacks

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of PTSD? Problems with memory and concentration Indulging in repetitive and ritualistic behaviors Feeling numb Flashbacks

Indulging in repetitive and ritualistic behaviors

The psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach are both examples of which more general term? Psychoanalysis Client-centered therapy Insight therapy Gestalt therapy

Insight therapy

Which of the following are true of psychoanalysis? (Select all that apply.) It is Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing a person's unconscious thoughts. It assumes that early childhood experiences are important influences on adult behavior. Free association and dream analysis are important components of psychoanalysis. It uses reflective speech, in which the therapist mirrors the person's own feelings back to him or her.

It is Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing a person's unconscious thoughts. It assumes that early childhood experiences are important influences on adult behavior. Free association and dream analysis are important components of psychoanalysis.

Which of the following reflect the American Psychiatric Association's definition of abnormality? (Select all that apply.) It is insanity. It is a mental illness. It is the inability to appreciate the wrongfulness of one's acts. It manifests itself as affecting the way that a person thinks, behaves, and interacts with others.

It is a mental illness. It manifests itself as affecting the way that a person thinks, behaves, and interacts with others.

Andrea has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has a persistent delusion that she is the Virgin Mary. What is the best description for her delusion? It is a personality disorder. It is a motor symptom. It is a negative symptom. It is a positive symptom.

It is a positive symptom.

The cognitive approach to ASD emphasizes deficits in which of the following? Speech patterns Emotional intelligence IQ score Theory of mind

Theory of mind

Which of the following statements are true regarding the DSM-5? (Select all that apply.) It is the product of a 14-year revision process. The DSM has been revised once since 1952. It is the only diagnostic manual of mental disorders. It is published by the American Psychiatric Association.

It is the product of a 14-year revision process. It is published by the American Psychiatric Association.

Which statement best describes the DSM-5? It is used to display psychosocial and environmental problems. It is used to note medical conditions that may have implications for psychological treatment. It is the only manual of psychological disorders. It gives a numerical rating indicating the level at which a person is currently functioning.

It is used to note medical conditions that may have implications for psychological treatment.

Which of the following is NOT an example of social phobia? Jeffrey didn't try out for his school's soccer team because he was anxious about making an embarrassing first impression at tryouts. Heather is terrified of public speaking. Liam has an intense fear of heights. Larry loves to dance but quit his dance class because he was terrified of performing in front of an audience at the recital.

Liam has an intense fear of heights.

A therapist who uses the technique of reflective speech does which of the following? Mirrors the clients' own feelings back to them Reflects on what patients have said Makes patients repeat positive statements about themselves Provides insight into patients' unconscious thoughts

Mirrors the clients' own feelings back to them

Psychotherapeutic drugs are used mainly in which of the following diagnostic categories? (Select all that apply.) Personality disorders Mood disorders Anxiety disorders Schizophrenia

Mood disorders Anxiety disorders Schizophrenia

Which of the following are true with respect to antisocial personality disorder? (Select all that apply.) Characterized by strong feelings of remorse after committing any wrongdoing More commonly diagnosed in men than women Characterized by failure to conform to social norms or obey the law Characterized by impulsivity

More commonly diagnosed in men than women Characterized by failure to conform to social norms or obey the law Characterized by impulsivity

Having a disorder and dealing with the stigma that comes with it can do which of the following? Make communication with physicians more open and honest Negatively affect the physical health of an individual Simplify a patient's interactions with health care providers Positively affect the physical health of someone afflicted with the disorder

Negatively affect the physical health of an individual

_____ disorder is characterized by anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive behaviors to prevent or produce some future outcome. Dissociative identity Antisocial personality Bipolar Obsessive-compulsive

Obsessive-compulsive

Which of the following has not been identified as a factor in binge-eating disorder? Overactive endocrine system High levels of cortisol Oxytocin levels in the brain Dopamine reward pathways in the brain

Oxytocin levels in the brain

Adele has experienced a number of discrete periods of terror in which she sweats, trembles, feels dizzy, and is quite certain that she is "going crazy." Her physician has assured her that there is no medical reason for these episodes. What is Adele's most likely diagnosis? Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Phobic disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Panic disorder

What disorder is characterized by the episodes involving the following symptoms: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and faintness? Panic disorder Bipolar disorder Personality disorder Mood disorder

Panic disorder

Leslie co-facilitates an Alcoholics Anonymous group once per week at her local community center. While she has had some training, she does not have a graduate degree in counseling or clinical psychology. She would be referred to as which of the following? Psychologist Paraprofessional Psychiatrist Sociologist

Paraprofessional

In an attempt to get a client to identify and understand his or her own genuine feelings, a therapist using client-centered therapy might use which technique? Systematic desensitization Transference Free association Reflective speech

Reflective speech

Which of the following disorders is not related to obsessive-compulsive disorder? Trichotillomania Post-traumatic stress disorder Excoriation Hoarding behavior disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Which of the following can be contributing factors to the development of schizophrenia? (Select all that apply.) Problems in neurotransmitters Extreme environmental stressors Dietary restrictions Biological predisposition

Problems in neurotransmitters Extreme environmental stressors Biological predisposition

What type of psychological service provider has an MD, postgraduate training in abnormal behavior, and the ability to prescribe medication for psychological disorders? Counseling psychologist Clinical psychologist Psychiatrist Social worker

Psychiatrist

_____ therapy consists of guiding clients to consider their past experiences, from their first memories on, as well as uncovering unconscious conflict. Humanistic Psychodynamic Biomedical Cognitive

Psychodynamic

Anorexia nervosa may require hospitalization and feeding tubes; however, other forms of treatment include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Psychotherapy Electroconvulsive therapy Neurosurgery Drug therapies

Psychotherapy Drug therapies

The goals of psychodynamic therapy are to help individuals to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) Recognize the sources of their unconscious conflicts Reduce the associations between maladaptive behaviors and reinforcers Develop their authenticity Recognize their maladaptive coping skills

Recognize the sources of their unconscious conflicts Recognize their maladaptive coping skills

Individuals with psychological disorders must do which of the following to overcome stigma? (Select all that apply.) Recognize their strengths Confront their disorder(s) Carry on despite their disorder(s) Create an environment in which they are not completely visible

Recognize their strengths Confront their disorder(s) Carry on despite their disorder(s)

_____ refers to a disorder, or class of disorders, in which severe distortion of reality occurs. Personality disorder Dissociative identity disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

The two features that characterize autism spectrum disorder are which of the following? Showing restrictive repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities Low birth weight, severe mobility restriction, and an inability to speak Showing persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across various settings Delays in physical growth, characteristic facial features, and some intellectual disability

Showing restrictive repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities Showing persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across various settings

_____ phobia is an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed around other people.

Social

Which of the following are types of anxiety disorders? (Select all that apply.) Specific phobia Dysthymic disorder Schizophrenia Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder

Specific phobia Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder

Which of the following is true with respect to suicide? Only those with depressive disorders attempt suicide. Suicide and suicide attempts are extremely rare in the United States. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among U.S. adolescents. Thinking about suicide is always abnormal.

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among U.S. adolescents.

Which of the following best summarizes the results of the "pseudo-patient" study? The psychiatrists correctly recognized that the individuals were not experiencing symptoms of any disorder. The individuals were correctly diagnosed as having psychological disorders but were given no treatment. The individuals, who did have schizophrenia, were not admitted to psychiatric hospitals. The individuals were hospitalized for 3 to 52 days and given a schizophrenia diagnosis.

The individuals were hospitalized for 3 to 52 days and given a schizophrenia diagnosis.

Which is true in regard to anxiety disorders, according to the DSM-5? There are 12 types of anxiety disorders. There are an unlimited number of anxiety disorders. There is only one basic type of anxiety disorder. There are eight types of anxiety disorders.

There are 12 types of anxiety disorders.

Which of the following is true of personality disorders? (Select all that apply.) They are relatively common. They are long-standing and maladaptive They are difficult to treat. They involve a split from reality.

They are relatively common. They are long-standing and maladaptive They are difficult to treat.

How do biological therapies reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders? (Select all that apply.) Through electroconvulsive therapy With psychosurgery With systematic desensitization By the manipulation of genes that underlie mental illnesses With drugs

Through electroconvulsive therapy With psychosurgery With drugs

Anorexia nervosa is much more common in girls and women than boys and men. True False

True

True or false: Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings. True False

True

True or false: Clinical psychology is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders. True False

True

True or false: Cognitive treatment works to change behavior or feelings by changing thoughts. True False

True

True or false: Drug therapy involves the use of drugs to treat psychological disorders. True False

True

True or false: Psychoanalysis is Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing unconscious thoughts. True False

True

In the practice of integrative therapy, a therapist might do which three of the following? Use a behavioral approach alongside a psychodynamic approach Ignore cultural and spiritual concerns in an attempt to focus on specific maladaptive behaviors Treat the same individual with both psychotherapy and drug therapy Work on integrating the client into family and society more effectively Use a cognitive form of therapy and a medical treatment option

Use a behavioral approach alongside a psychodynamic approach Treat the same individual with both psychotherapy and drug therapy Use a cognitive form of therapy and a medical treatment option

A mental illness that affects or is manifested in a person's brain and can affect the way the individual thinks, behaves, and interacts with others is known by the the American Psychiatric Association as _____. an abnormality unusual a disorder deviant

an abnormality

Abnormal behavior is considered _____ when it deviates from what is acceptable in a culture.

atypical

Someone who shows persistent deficits in social communication and social interactions in addition to engaging in repetitive behaviors would likely be diagnosed with _____. generalized anxiety disorder autism spectrum disorder anxiety-related disorder Down Syndrome

autism spectrum disorder

During the week, Zack eats healthily and watches his caloric intake. On the weekends, Zack eats large amounts of food and feels out of control. Zack is exhibiting _____-eating disorder.

binge

The _____ approach to psychological disorders attributes disorders to organic, internal causes.

biological

A disorder that includes a pervasive pattern of instability in relationships with other people, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity starting by early adulthood is called _____. depressive disorder borderline personality disorder antisocial personality disorder schizophrenia

borderline personality disorder

_____ nervosa is an eating disorder in which an individual engages in binging and purging behaviors.

bulimia

The field of psychology that focuses on the integration of science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders is _____ psychology.

clinical

A child with ASD goes through the social world without understanding that other people have subjective experiences different from their own. This understanding of ASD reflects the _____ approach. cognitive biological genetic etiological

cognitive

_____ treatment approaches teach people to think in more adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and about themselves.

cognitive

When individuals have been diagnosed with more than one disorder, their conditions are referred to as being _____. comorbid abnormal on the spectrum at-risk

comorbid

_____ establishes the norms by which people evaluate their own behaviors. Nature Instinct Law Culture

culture

A situation in which a person suffers from an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life is a(n) _____ disorder. personality depressive anxiety mood

depressive

_____ disorders are characterized by an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

depressive

Behavior is considered deviant if it _____. is a danger to the person or to others differs from what is acceptable in a culture prevents an individual from caring for him- or herself upsets the individual

differs from what is acceptable in a culture

Someone who is in a psychological state in which they feel disconnected from immediate experience is experiencing _____. depression PTSD dissociation anxiety

dissociation

_____ refers to psychological states in which the person feels disconnected from his or her immediate experience.

dissociation

The most common form of biomedical therapy is _____. electroconvulsive therapy drug therapy psychosurgery cognitive therapy

drug therapy

_____ disorders are characterized by extreme disturbances in an individual's food consumption behavior.

eating

It is quite possible that we are unaware of the many _____ lives that are being lived by individuals who have psychological disorders. difficult terrifying good

good

Anorexia _____ is an eating disorder that involves the pursuit of thinness through starvation.

nerovsa

Disorders that happen in childhood and are traced to genetic differences, atypical brain development, or prenatal exposure to substances that adversely affect development are know as _____ disorders. neurodevelopmental stress-related phobic anxiety

neurodevelopmental

Down Syndrome is an example of a _____ disorder. trauma-related attention anxiety neurodevelopmental

neurodevelopmental

Cultural _____ provide guidance about how people should behave and what behavior is healthy.

norms

_____ _____ disorder is characterized by anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive behaviors to prevent or produce some future outcome.

obsessive compulsive

A therapist who uses a variety of therapeutic approaches, depending on the specific diagnosis, is said to _____. engage in primary prevention practice integrative therapy practice nontraditional therapy emphasize the therapeutic alliance

practice integrative therapy

Ella's therapist has told her that he practices insight therapy in which an important therapeutic goal is gaining insight. Ella's therapist is most likely either _____ or _____. psychodynamic cognitive behavioral humanistic

psychodynamic humanistic

Ivan is undergoing psychodynamic therapy. He is frequently late for therapy sessions. He sometimes argues with his therapist and may speak endlessly about trivial matters. His therapist describes this as _____

resistance

A(n) _____ _____ is a psychological disorder in which an individual has an irrational, overwhelming, persistent fear of a particular object or situation.

specific phobia

The _____ attached to psychological disorders can provoke prejudice and discrimination toward individuals who are struggling with these problems.

stigma

The areas of the brain and endocrine system that respond to _____ are overactive in people with binge-eating disorder. hunger sleep happiness stress

stress