psych chapter 13 review

__________ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development.

Carl Rogers

Cliff is homeless, hungry, and desperate for food and shelter. He will do almost anything to satisfy these needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Cliff will ignore his other needs, which are:

Cliff will ignore all of these other needs until he satisfies his most basic needs for food and shelter.

According to Freud, this part of the personality is largely conscious and is the mediator that operates on the reality principle.

The ego

According to Albert Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among:

behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events.

Frieda is organized, careful, and disciplined. She would likely score very high on a personality test that measures:

conscientiousness.

A little girl kicks the family dog after her mother sends her to her room. This is an example of which defense mechanism?

displacement

According to Carl Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote personality growth. These are:

genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.

In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the disguised, symbolic meaning of dreams is called the __________ content.

latent

Genie has always had trouble with her weight. She was not breast-fed when she was an infant and her psychoanalyst thinks she is overcompensating. In which psychosexual stage would he say Genie is fixated?

oral

_____ is our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

personality

Even though Marie isn't currently thinking about the events surrounding the day when she graduated from high school, she can easily bring those memories to conscious awareness. In terms of Freud's theory of personality, Marie's memories are stored at the _____ level of awareness.

preconscious

Dr. Livingston maintains that unconscious mental processes and early childhood experiences are critical in the formation of personality. Dr. Livingston's beliefs reflect the _____ perspective of personality.

psychodynamic

Katrina is a worrier. She worries about her family, her friends, and herself. She is particularly aware of potential hazards in the environment, and she sees the world as a dangerous place. Her personality is shaped by how she interprets and reacts to events. Albert Bandura called this process:

reciprocal determinism.

When 7-year-old Philip was caught pocketing a candy bar that he had not paid for, he felt ashamed and guilty. Using Freud's terminology, the sense of shame and guilt that Philip felt was a product of his:

superego

People overestimate the degree to which others are noticing and evaluating their appearance, performance, and blunders. Thomas Gilovich referred to this as:

the spotlight effect.