psych chapter 14

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is MOST clearly provided by:

a biopsychosocial approach

Last week Becky read that labels can bias perceptions, so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological problems. If someone were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits, the person might tell her that mental health professionals do NOT use labels to:

assume previous diagnoses of a client

is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania

Bipolar disorder

Although the cause of antisocial personality disorder is unclear, some people do appear to have a genetic vulnerability. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder

are at increased risk for antisocial behavior

Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection. Because of this, she has always been withdrawn. Her inflexible and enduring behavior patterns have impaired her social functioning, and she would likely be considered to have a(n

avoidant personality disorder

David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to mental hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported and displayed no other symptoms. They were all:

diagnosed as mentally ill and the causes for their disorders were "discovered."

Bipolar disorder affects women and men in a ratio of

1:1.

Billy has an identical twin who was recently diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Research suggests that the chances are _____ that Billy will also suffer from bipolar disorder at some point in his life.

7 in 10

The most common scheme for describing disorders and estimating how often they occur is the American Psychiatric Association's:

DSM-5.

is to anxiety as a(n) _____ is to a windy day

Panic disorder; hurricane

This reformer insisted that madness was not demon possession, but a sickness of the mind caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions.

Philippe Pinel

20 year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Brianna seems to be suffering from

a social anxiety disorder

If someone avoids situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes, that person may be suffering from

agoraphobia

Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers from panic disorder with

agoraphobia

Bobby stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train to the suburbs. On the train, someone stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee on their face and laughed. Bobby may have a _____ personality disorder.

antisocial

Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for armed robbery, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would MOST likely be diagnosed as having

antisocial personality disorder

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a:

biopsychosocial model

The police brought Elaine to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Elaine was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Elaine would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Elaine is MOST likely suffering from a(n):

bipolar disorder.

Diane is constantly concerned about things at work even when she is at home. She is always worried about her home life even when she is at work. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense and irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. Diane suffers from:

generalized anxiety disorder

Lenore is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore MOST likely suffers from

generalized anxiety disorder.

One cluster of personality disorders exhibits dramatic or impulsive behaviors. For example, someone with _____ displays shallow, attention-getting emotions and goes to great lengths to gain praise

histrionic personality disorder

37-year-old Steven has suffered from depression all his life. He has been in treatment for the last week and a half. He is starting to feel better, but he is tired of living this way and does not want to face another depressive episode. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Steven:

is MORE likely to attempt suicide, because his energy and initiative are rebounding.

75-year-old Walter's wife died of a heart attack two years ago; most of his friends have also died. His children live in other states and he has no pets. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Walter

is MORE likely to attempt suicide, because the suicide rate surges among older men

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

Suffering can lead to _____; that is, a challenging crisis can lead to an increased appreciation for life, more meaningful relationships, and changed priorities.

posttraumatic growth

The brains of people who suffer from depression tend to have low levels of

serotonin

An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are

specific and temporary

Seven months ago, Quinn witnessed the gruesome murder of a close friend. Although many people expected him to suffer from this, he seemed to have the opposite reaction. He had a greater appreciation for life, his relationships with his family became more meaningful, and he became more involved in his faith. Quinn's response is known as

survivor resiliency

Depression is

the number-one reason people seek mental health services

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of a(n):

OCD