Psych- Chapter 5 Learning

How do positive and negative reinforcement differ?

Positive reinforcement adds a reward, while negative reinforcement removes a punishment

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates latent learning?

After years of riding in the back seat, a newly licensed driver navigates to school alone.

Robert Rescorla's experiments showed that for classical conditioning to occur

a conditioned stimulus must reliably predict a reinforcement.

Classical conditioning is a learning process in which

a subject associates an existing stimulus with a new stimulus.

A prisoner shouts abuse at the night guard but behaves perfectly during the day guard's shift. This is an example of

discriminative stimulation.

A positive punishment __________, while a negative reinforcement

introduces an irritant to decrease a behavior; removes something unpleasant to increase a behavior.

Learned helplessness can occur when a subject

is punished repeatedly without recourse.

Token economies use operant conditioning to affect human behavior by

providing predictable reinforcements for desirable actions.

When a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without an unconditioned stimulus, a subject will

show less response until given a break, and will then respond again.

John Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated his theory of behaviorism by

showing that emotional responses could be conditioned.