Psych chapters 11-14

In which of the following scenarios is the person MOST likely to be helped by other people?

Carlas car stalls and won't restart and partially blocks the exit drive as her fellow employees are walking to their own cars.

DSM-5

Describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for more than 260 specific psychological disorders.

According to Freud, when early experiences result in unresolved conflicts and frustrated urges, these emotionally charged memories are _______ but can continue to influence a persons thoughts and behavior.

Repressed

Elyn saks was a freshman at Vanderbilt university when she hagan to lose touch with reality and behave irrationally. Sometimes she didn't eat or bathe for days and she wasn't able to distinguish what was real and what was not. After a tumultuous freshman year, she was diagnosed with:

Schizophrenia

Depression that repeatedly occurs with onset of autumn and winter is to ________ as chronic, low-grade depression is to _________.

Seasonal affective disorder; persistent depressive disorder

The tendency to attribute our success behavior to our internal, personal characteristics is to the ________ as the tendency to blame ourselves for our failures while downplaying our successes is to the _________.

Self serving bias; self effacing bias

Compared with the thought processes of the average person, those if the suicidal person:

Are rigid or irrational

When Harry got a failing grade in one of his courses, he decided to talk to his professor about the personal problems he had during the term and discuss the possibility of doing a makeup final exam or writing an extra paper. Harry appears to be reacting to a stressful situation by trying to exercise some personal control. If Harry's approach is realistic and successful, it is likely to:

Enhance his feelings of self-confidence, self-efficacy, and autonomy

Carl's manager publicly reprimanded him in the department meeting. During the managers 10 minute rant, Carl retreated inward and "went to his happy place," where he fantasized about being a professional athlete. Carl's response to his managers hostility is BEST described as :

Escape-avoidance

Research shows that fewer than _______ percent of those who experience major disasters— such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes— develop post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD).

10

According to your textbook, which of the following is the BEST definition of stress?

A negative emotional state that occurs when events are perceived as exceeding a persons resources or ability to cope.

Any verbal or physical behavior intended to cause harm to other people is called:

Aggression

The textbook provides several practical suggestions to defend against being manipulated by various persuasion techniques. Which of the following is NOT one of the practical suggestions you can use in making important decisions?

Always go with your first impulse and don't look back

Which of the following statements about anxiety is TRUE?

Anxiety can be adaptive, helpful, and beneficial when it alerts people to a realistic threat.

The humanistic perspective in psychology emphasizes:

An individual's conscious, subjective perception of his or her self.

Lesha, who is 17 years old, started a very restrictive diet five moths ago. Even though her weight of 120 pounds was considered normal for her height, the diet has caused her to lose a dangerous amount of weight. She now weights less than 90 pounds. Even though her weight is dangerously low, she continues to diet because she thinks she looks fat. Lesha suffers from:

Anorexia nervosa

A person with _______ personality disorder is more likely to be self-destructive and threaten to self-mutilate or die by suicide.

Borderline

Client-centered therapy was developed by :

Carl Rogers

The textbook provides guidelines to help you understand the special nature of the therapy relationship and develop realistic expectations about the process of psychotherapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?

Catharsis is the same as change; because it produces long term emotional relief, catharsis itself resolves problems.

Believing that the term "patient" implied that people seeking therapy were sick and seeking treatment from an all-knowing authority figure who would heal them, Carl Rogers preferred the term ______ to describe people in therapy.

Client

Which model of stress emphasizes the role of an individual's evaluation of events and situations and the rest of the resources that he or she has available to deal with the event or situation?

Cognitive appraisal model

An unpleasant state of psychological tension occurring when two thoughts or perceptions are inconsistent is called:

Cognitive dissonance

In the last few months, Penelope has had episodes where she is unable to remember why she was away from home for long periods of time. She also sees purchases on her Credit card statement that she doesn't remember making and receives phone calls from people who she does not remember meeting. Her partner insists she go to the mental health clinic to be evaluated. At the clinic, Penelope admitted there were long stretches of her life that were completely blank to her. Suddenly, penelope's voice, facial expression, and demeanor changed. She said to the clinic psychologist, "don't pay any attention to that old Penelope. She's boring. My name is shondra, and I'm a lot more fun to talk to. " the clinic psychologist suspects that Penelope may be suffering from:

Dissociative identity disorder

According to Carl Rogers, the client-centered therapist ideally should demonstrate:

Genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.

Which of the following statements requiring milgram's research is FALSE?

He found that rates of obedience did not differ, even with changes in situational variables.

The main component of the type A behavior pattern that predicts the development of coronary heart disease is:

Hostility

Before leaving her home, Anneke makes sure that every electrical appliance is unplugged and checks that every window and door is securely locked. She checks everything 17 times according to a strict ritual that she has worked out. If she misses one window, door, or appliance, she must begin all over again. If she tries to skip any step of the ritual, she experiences unbearable anxiety. Anneke is probably suffering from:

Obsessive compulsive disorder

_________ is the tendency of people to believe that the world is fair and that people get what they deserve and deserve what theY get.

The just-world hypothesis

Ryan was disappointed when he was rejected in his first attempt to get admitted to a very prestigious engineering program. Despite this setback, he told his friends that he thought he would have a better chance next time, especially if he took some additional qualifying courses and raised his GPA. Martin seligman would say that ryan has a:

Optimistic explanatory style

When sales were down for the third month in a row, the sales manager called a meeting of all sales staff in order to analyze the situation and attempt to come up with some solutions. This example illustrates:

Problem-focuses coping

All forms of psychotherapy share the assumption that _______ play a significant role in problematic emotions, behaviors, and thoughts.

Psychological factors

Regarding sexual interactions between client and therapist, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Sexual contact between a therapist and client is never ethical.

Psychoanalysis is a form of psychotherapy that was originally developed by ______ in the _______.

Sigmund Freud— early 1900s

An individuals behavior is influenced by situational factors and other people. The term used to describe this is:

Social influence

Holmes and rahe believed that any change that required you to adjust your behavior and lifestyle would cause stress. In an attempt to measure the amount of stress people experienced, that developed the:

Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

Hyun and the rest of his class of 20 students were busily working at their computers in the library when hyun exclaimed, "I'm having chest pains." None of the students responded to this exclamation. Nor did they respond when hyun said again, "no really I think I could be having a heart attack." The other students just kept on typing, each of them thinking, "I don't need to worry about hyun, other people in the room will help him, what I need to worry about is my manuscript deadline." In this example, the graduate students have fallen victim to:

The bystander effect

In social psychology, the concept of "sense of self" is important because:

The sense of self is influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences, and thus it plays a key role in how we perceive and react to others.

What is a major issue with using social media to diagnose disorders?

There are ethical concerns regarding confidentiality and stigma related to mental illness

_______ are events or situations that are negative, severe, and far beyond our normal expectations for everyday life or life events.

Traumatic events

The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that:

adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned.