PSYCH EXAM 1

which of the following correlations has the strongest predictive value

-0.75

a neuron's refractory phase is defined as the

Brief period during and immediately after an action potential when the neuron cannot produce another action potential

says there is a close relationship between animal and human behavior

Charles Darwin

Although very few people would admit to a belief that men make better hires than women, several experiments show that men are more likely to be higher than women with identical resumes. this is an example of

Unconscious bias

credited with establishing the first psychological laboratory, thus establishing psychology as an experimental science

William Wundt

a meta-analysis is

a combination of results from many related studies

the fastest-traveling action potential would be found in a neuron with

a well-myelinated, thick axon

___ activate receptors in the same way as the normal neurotransmitters do

agonist

you find campfire spot during a hike. Occam's razor suggests this was created by

another hiker

gestalt psychologists such as Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Kohler

argue that overall experience of human perception is greater than the sum of its parts

classmate has over 700 facebook friends. as proponent of social brain hypothesis, you will most likely

be skeptical of her ability to interact meaningfully with so many people

most directly controlled by brainstem

breathing

excitatory synapses

bring neurons closer to firing threshold

the voltage difference across a neuron's membrane

changes frequently

sensory input->participant processing information->report, press button, etc.

cognitive psychology

Brad and George are twins whose parents both have blue eyes. Brad and George also have blue eyes, meaning that the twins are ___ for that trait

concordant

the modern treatment for PKU is an example,e of a gene-environment interaction because it involves

control of the amount of phenylalanine in the child's diet

neuron information flow

dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal

goal of psychology for behaviorists

determine how various experiences result in different behaviors

which side effect is most likely following the removal of a large tumor from the patient's cerebellum?

difficulty with balance and motor coordination

medication that interferes with ability to feel pleasure

dopamine antagonist

behaviorism examines ___; whereas cognitive psychology examines ____

external behavior; internal mental processes

human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose

functionalism

how do genes control the creation of proteins in the cell?

genes on the chromosomes specify which amino acids will be joined together, in order, to make each particular protein

the belief that genes determine everything about us, including our behavior, is referred to as

genetic determinsim

all of the following are nucleotides of DNA except

glutamine

a researcher would be most likely to find a positive correlation between

height and weight

researcher presents participant with series of flashing lights at varying intervals. after presentation of each light, participant is asked to describe her internal experiences. method know as...

introspection

a recessive allele, such as the allele for white flower color in pea plants, affects and individuals phenotype only when

it is present on both chromosomes

If a doctor stimulated your occipital lobe, which would you be most likely to experience?

lights and colors

colorblindness is more common in males than in females because

males receive only one allele (on the X chromosome) for that gene for color vision

select correct order of measures of central tendency, from lowest to highest, for a negatively skewed distribution

mean, median, mode

What have twin studies revealed about the traits of monozygotic twins compared to the traits of dizygotic twins?

monozygotic twins tend to be more concordant than dizygotic twins

deviating from the average

outlier

ethical principals require researchers to

provide information about potential risks to participants before they begin a study

the study of how psychical events, such as lights and sounds, affect our senses is called

psychophysics

a measure of conscientiousness produces very similar scores each time a person repeats the exercise, but it doesn't predict whether a person is reliable in everyday life. this measure appears to be

reliable but not valid

an empiricist believe that the only source of knowledge about the external world is

sensory experience

Which accurately reflects the path of the information flow that takes place when a child jerks his hand away from hot pan

sensory neurons->spinal interneurons->motor neurons

as the number of pirates in the world has decreased, the mean global temperature has increased. this is an example of

spurious correlation

One of the best methods of determining the influence of confounding variables on the heritability of human traits is to conduct a

study of identical twins

You are home hear strange noises in her house. This causes your ___ system to trigger your heart to race

sympathetic nervous system

which of the following choices requires inferential studies

terming whether the exam scores of one fourth-grade classroom reflect how all fourth-graders would score

harmful dominant alleles, like those for the huntingtin gene, are not common because in most cases

the carrier does not survive long enough to pass on the allele via reproduction

all of the following statements regarding gene-environment interactions are true EXCEPT

the environment has the same effect on behavior regardless of genes

spider phobia. half group gets treatment other half gets therapy but no treatment,. they both reported reduction of their fear of spiders. this is evidence that

the placebo effect can be significant

which these behaviors is most likely to be controlled by a neural network

understanding a joke

plato's cave analogy illustrates that

we cannot necessarily rely on our sense to learn the truth

ibuprofen experiment. ___ is the independent variable and ___ is the dependent variable

whether people take ibprophen; distress

according to the process of natural of natural selection, a mutation

will accumulate in the genomes of future generations if it improves survival and reproduction