psych exam 1

Dr. Morabian is conducting research that was inspired by studies published 10 years before he got his doctorate. He reads those studies, thinks about how they can be improved, and designs research that will extend their findings. Dr. Morabian's work demonstrates that science is: Answers: Relative Democratic Objective Cumulative

Cumulative

Which of these is a primary source? Answers: Article in Time magazine about the latest cancer research A graduate student's dissertation on canine cognition Newspaper article about social psychology research None of the above.

A graduate student's dissertation on canine cognition

A statement that can be shown to be false is __________. Answers: A Hypothesis Accurate Falsifiable A Type I Error

Falsifiable

Based on the readings, even if you never get involved in research, why is taking a research methods or critical thinking course valuable? Answers: None of these were noted as being valuable Improves your ability to be a critical consumer of information You learn how to use statistics Improves your ability to be an organized thinker

Improves your ability to be a critical consumer of information

A bee stings Stephen. He notices that the sting is not very painful and concludes that stings from wasps, bees, and other insects do not hurt. This is an example of: Answers: Inductive reasoning Empirical research Deductive reasoning A scientific theory

Inductive reasoning

What is the purpose of peer review? Answers: To check for grammatical errors To improve the readability of a manuscriptTo evaluate the scientific rigor of a manuscript All of the above.

To evaluate the scientific rigor of a manuscript

As psychologists use the term, determinism means that Selected Answer: events can be predicted with greater than chance probability Answers: free choice does not exist all the events of our lives have been â determinedâ ahead of time every event has a cause that can be known and discovered with certainty events can be predicted with greater than chance probability

every event has a cause that can be known and discovered with certainty

Why is it beneficial for scientists to use systematic observation in order to acquire knowledge? Answers: A systematic approach allows theories to converge to produce singular, coherent hypotheses. Observations provide everyone the chance to engage in science and form impressions. Observations provide the basic data that allow scientists to track, tally, or otherwise organize information about the natural world. A systematic approach allows people to logically discuss philosophical questions in debate.

observations provide the basic data that allow scientists to track, tally, or otherwise organize information about the natural world

Learning about research methodology and critical thinking is important for: Answers: Evaluating standards of care in social or healthcare services Evaluating information from various sources Learning to make decisions based on evidence All are correct.

All are correct.

Which of the following is an example of an empirical question that could be tested using systematic observation? Answers: What is the meaning of life? Is Japanese a prettier language than German? Are humans inherently good or bad? Do native English-speaking Canadians take longer to learn Chinese or to learn Spanish?

Do native English-speaking Canadians take longer to learn Chinese or to learn Spanish?

Which of the following is the best definition of inductive reasoning? Answers: Drawing a conclusion about a specific observation based on general principles Revising a conclusion after receiving several rounds of feedback Drawing a conclusion from an observation of a limited number of samples Arriving at a conclusion based on the average of many observations

Drawing a conclusion from an observation of a limited number of samples

_________ methods in psychological research are approaches to data-gathering that are tied to actual measurement and observation. Answers: Abstract Hypothetical Methodical Empirical

Empirical

Which of the following is NOT an essential feature of science? Answers: Empirical Subjective Democratic Tentative

Subjective

Sometimes considered the core of science, ______ refers to the careful monitoring (or watching) of the natural world with the aim of better understanding it. Answers: Systematic observation Hypothesis testing Deduction Induction

Systematic observation

Part of the problem with horoscopes, scientifically speaking, is that ______. Answers: They fail the simplicity test of scientific theories The potential sample of observations is too small Karl Popper didn't like them They are so vague, they cannot be falsified.

They are so vague, they cannot be falsified.

DSM-IV is a system for classifying mental disorders. As such, it most clearly illustrates which of psychology's goals? Answers:description predictionexplanationapplication

description

Select the best operational definition for the construct memory. NOT self reported popularity Answers: blood alcohol level self-reported popularity recall Wong pain scale

recall ??

Identify the dependent variable in this experiment:In a study of whether romantic music puts people in the mood for love, participants were told to sit and wait while the experimenter "set up the experiment." While waiting, half of participants heard a song with romantic lyrics, the other half heard a song with neutral lyrics. After "waiting," participants answered a questionnaire that assessed how romantic they felt on a scale of 1-10. Answers: participant's sex romance questionnaire score whether lyrics were romantic whether music was playing

romance questionnaire score

Which of the following is an example of naturalistic observation? Selected Answer:Festinger and colleagues (1956) observed the behavior of members of an apocalyptic cult by joining the cult. Answers: Ginsburg and Miller (1982) recorded the number of boys and girls engaging in these "risky" behaviors and found that boys engaged in risk-taking behaviors more frequently than girls. Festinger and colleagues (1956) observed the behavior of members of an apocalyptic cult by joining the cult. Peterson and colleagues (1984) engineered opportunities to observe helping behavior in children by providing them with a magic cape. All of the above examples of naturalistic observation.

selected answer wrong

In general, pseudoscientific theories Answers: take fairly simple behavioral phenomena and overly complicate them recognize the weakness of relying on anecdotal evidence sidestep disproof by describing their studies in vague terms reject the idea that their theories should be tested by collecting empirical data

sidestep disproof by describing their studies in vague terms

An objective observation is one Answers: that can only be made by a mechanical recording device completely free from any personal bias on the part of the observer that can be verified by a second observer that cannot be questioned

that can be verified by a second observer

While a _______ is a group of closely related phenomena or observations, _______ is a logical idea that can be tested. Answers: hypothesis; theory method; belief theory: hypothesis belief; method

theory: hypothesis

Scientific thinking by psychologists is characterized by all of the following except Answers: they realize that conclusions are tentative and could change depending on future research they are most interested in subjective, personal experiences like dreams they expect claims to be supported by data collected in a systematic fashion they assume that behavior has causes that can be discovered using scientific methods

they are most interested in subjective, personal experiences like dreams

"On how many days in the last month did you have a headache?" is an example survey of a(n) Selected Answer: partially open item Answers: closed item Likert-scale item open item partially open item

wrong answer