psych exam 10-11

What is the mental processes that are influenced by desires and feelings? Answers: a. Impact bias b. Motivated skepticism c. Hot cognition d. Implicit attitude

hot cognition

What is the term to explain that certain behaviors are unintentional, uncontrollable, occur outside of conscious awareness, or are cognitively efficient? Answers: a. Automaticity b. Impact bias c. Unconscious cognition d. Availability heuristic

a. Automaticity

What is one of the implications of the Triad of Trustworthiness? Answers: a. Critical trust in an authority figure can be problematic b. Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three factors c. Attractive people tend to be seen as less intelligent d. Honesty is the strongest leg of the triangle

a. Critical trust in an authority figure can be problematic

Waiting in line at the grocery store until it is your turn to pay for your items, is an example of what type of schema? Answers: a. Event schema b. Self-schema c. Person schema d. Situation schema

a. Event schema

What can be used to measure an attitude when one might not want to admit it explicitly? Answers: a. Implicit association test b. Semantic-differential test c. Appraisal priming task d. All of the above

a. Implicit association test

Which of the following is a possible outcome when individuals' implicit and explicit attitudes do not match? Answers: a. They are unaware they hold an actual bias, such as a bias towards an ethnic minority b. They are quicker at evaluating or categorizing attitude objects c. Their direct, self-reports will best predict behavior such as their choice to purchase designer jeans Their direct, self-reports will best predict behavior such as their choice to purchase designer jeans d. They will show resistance when being primed about a topic

a. They are unaware they hold an actual bias, such as a bias towards an ethnic minority

What is the most effective way to protect from being persuaded? Answers: a. To accept just how vulnerable we are b. The inoculation method c. Using psychological reactance d. The stinging method

a. To accept just how vulnerable we are

Listening to your friend's advice for the best place to get ice cream over an ad that states the same place as the best ice cream shop in town is based on what technique? Answers: a. Word of mouth b. Testimonials c. Endorsements d. Message as education

a. Word of mouth

________ occurs when people conclude that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled. Answers: a. Learned helplessness b. A control belief c. Self-efficacy d. Type B disposition

a. Learned helplessness

Why do scientists sometimes avoid using the word happiness when referring to subjective well-being? Answers: a. it is a popular word that can refer to different things such as feeling good or being satisfied b. it's definition matches too closely to subjective well-being, confusing researchers c. happiness comes from the root word for "luck" which gives the impression they are studying "good fortune" d. it does not represent the scientific language preferred by journal editors

a. it is a popular word that can refer to different things such as feeling good or being satisfied

Researchers have found that when participants are exposed to a cold virus the participants with a lower risk of developing a cold were ________________________. Answers: a. less stressed and more positive at the beginning of the study b. surrounded by more social support throughout the study c. taking an increased dose of vitamin C d. those who were receiving psychotherapy

a. less stressed and more positive at the beginning of the study

Someone who commonly receives bad grades, but believes that they are a good student can fall into the trap of what type of bias? Answers: a. Planning fallacy b. Hot cognition c. Impact bias d. Need for closure

b. Hot cognition

Lulu has never been to the United States and is unsure what behavior is socially appropriate in certain situations. As a result, she conforms by going along with the crowd in order to understand the norm. Which of the following terms BEST describes this example? Answers: a. Normative influence b. Informational influence c. Asch influence d. Collectivist influence

b. Informational influence

___________ relies on psychological techniques; whereas, ______________ emphasizes communicating objective information. Answers: a. Persuasion; heuristics b. The peripheral route processing; the central route processing c. Trigger features; authority d. The central route processing; the peripheral route processing

b. The peripheral route processing; the central route processing

We can make a quick judgments about others within 10 seconds; however, as the amount of information increases, our judgments: Answers: a. change completely b. often become more accurate c. stay the same d. can change if we like the person

b. often become more accurate

When a bartender offers you a free taste, you feel obligated to purchase the drink. This is an example of: Answers: a. the sunk cost trap b. reciprocity c. and that's not all d. social proof

b. reciprocity

Much of what we do, as individuals in society, is a reflection of: Answers: a. how we define ourselves b. those we encounter c. authority figures d. personal differences

b. those we encounter

Sequences of behavior that occur in exactly the same fashion, in exactly the same order, each time are known as ______. This phenomenon is similar to the "tricks" utilized by the ________ route of processing. Answers: a. fixed action patterns; central b. fixed action patterns; peripheral c. trigger phrases; peripheral d. trigger phrases; central

b. fixed action patterns; peripheral

The durability bias occurs when a person overestimates how long their feelings might last. This bias is a type of: Answers: a. Schema b. Availability heuristic c. Affective forecasting d. Directional goal

c. Affective forecasting

What is it called for the tendency of individuals to nonconsciously mimic the postures, mannerisms, facial expressions, and other behaviors of one's interaction partners? Answers: a. Automaticity b. Priming c. Chameleon effect d. Social contagion

c. Chameleon effect

When people are worried about what other think of them and decide to go along with the crowd is known as what? Answers: a. Descriptive norms b. Informational influence c. Normative influence d. Conformity

c. Normative influence

If a researcher is studying how people react to a command of an authority figure, then he/she are most likely studying what? Answers: a. Conformity b. Ethical standards c. Obedience d. Persuasion

c. Obedience

Which is NOT one of the routes of processing? Answers: a. Central b. Peripheral c. Sequential d. None of the above

c. Sequential

What factors increase your susceptibility to social proof? Answers: a. Confliction and attraction b. Investment and contradiction c. Uncertainty and similarity d. Comparison and ambiguity

c. Uncertainty and similarity

Someone describes to you a fur covered animal with four legs, a tail, and that barks, you think of a dog. The dog that you picture in your mind is an example of a: Answers: a. representativeness heuristic b. availability heuristic c. schema d. social cognition

c. schema

Which of the following best describes the relation of money to subjective well-being? Answers: a. Money interferes with happiness: rich people, and people living in richer nations, are less happy b. Money boosts happiness: poor people, and people living in poor nations, are rarely happy c. Money can boost happiness, but it does not guarantee it, and can interfere with happiness if a person values money too much. d. Money boosts happiness but only for people who are high in materialism.

c. Money can boost happiness, but it does not guarantee it, and can interfere with happiness if a person values money too much.

Which type of coping regulates the negative emotions associated with stressful events? Answers: a. problem-focused coping b. meaning-focused coping c. emotion-focused coping d. mood-induced coping

c. emotion-focused coping

Of all the possible stress reduction techniques which of the following has the most health benefits? Answers: a. biofeedback b. emotion-focused coping c. exercise d. mind-body connection

c. exercise

The stereotype content model suggests that we judge social groups on which two features? Answers: a. competence and attractiveness b. attractiveness and values c. warmth and competence d. competence and values

c. warmth and competence

Which factor decreased the rates of obedience in studies conducted by Milgram? Answers: a. Seeing other participants refusing to press the shock levers b. When the instructions to continue came from another participant c. When the person being shocked was in the same room as the participant d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is it when behaviors provide an advantage or disadvantage to people based on group membership? Answers: a. Prejudice b. Stereotypes c. Self-categorization theory d. Discrimination

d. Discrimination

Milgram's obedience study demonstrated what factor in participants willing to shock others to an extreme level? Answers: a. Previous participants did the study and they wanted to fit in b. Generally people are bad c. Inability to see the person get shocked d. Following orders from an authority figure

d. Following orders from an authority figure

If you are in a good mood and think back to many good memories, then you might state that your life is "good." This process can be attributed to what? Answers: a. Affective forecasting b. Durability bias c. A priori whishes d. Mood-congruent memory

d. Mood-congruent memory

What were the main findings from Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome? Answers: a. Daily hassles, although not traumatic, can have large impacts on health b. Participants who were less stressed were less likely to get sick when exposed to a cold virus c. Assessing biological, psychological, and social factors are all important in the development of diseases d. Phases of stress, including arousal, coping, and exhaustion, was first discovered while studying rats

d. Phases of stress, including arousal, coping, and exhaustion, was first discovered while studying rats

Social Dominance Orientation believes all EXCEPT which of the following? Answers: a. Different groups are competing for economic resources b. The world is tough and competitive c. Group hierarchies are necessary d. The ingroup should be united

d. The ingroup should be united

Implicit attitudes can sometimes ___________ explicit attitudes. Answers: a. change b. replace c. have little implications for d. contradict

d. contradict

People are usually ___________ in their accuracy of their perceptions. Answers: a. moderate b. skeptic c. unaware d. overconfident

d. overconfident

Which of the following is an example of the planning fallacy? Answers: a. Corrine finished a group project and during peer evaluations stated that she did most of the work and deserves the highest grade. She is surprised when her group members do not agree b. Herald is graduating next week and believes the happiness he will feel will last for the next year. Herald is surprised when his happiness returns to normal level only a day after graduation. c. Faith is shopping at a hardware store and asks for help. The sales clerk suggests several tools that, if used correctly, will shorten her project time by two hours. d. Gerard believes he can complete a term paper within a one-week time frame. He is surprised when he cannot complete the project as quickly as he anticipated.

d. Gerard believes he can complete a term paper within a one-week time frame. He is surprised when he cannot complete the project as quickly as he anticipated.

Which of the following best describes the possible relation between positive affect and disease? Answers: a. There is no such relationship; this idea is a widely popularized claim made by people outside of the medical profession. b. Feeling positive makes people less careful and less responsible in adhering to basic health practices such as taking medication regularly. c. Positive feelings have no relation to health but negative feelings such as anger are directly related to conditions such as heart disease. d. Positive feelings can boost the immune system and improve health behaviors.

d. Positive feelings can boost the immune system and improve health behaviors.