psych exam 2

in a sense, phantom limb pain is a purely ? phenomenon

perceptual

by asking participants to find images on a page and then compare them quickly and accurately, researchers can measure the aspect of cognition known as ? ?

perceptual speed

the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates our ? ?

circadian rhythm

which of the following conditions affects the appearance of the child's face and causes significant damage to the developing brain?

fetal alcohol syndrome

you work three hours a day Monday through Friday and receive a paycheck every Friday afternoon. you are being paid on a ? ? reinforcement schedule

fixed interval

which of the following (variable interval, fixed interval, variable ratio, fixed ratio) is the simplest partial reinforcement schedule?

fixed ratio

a ? is a primary reinforcer, whereas a ? is a secondary reinforcer

lollipop, diploma

of the following people whose, brain would be most plastic?

5 year old child

which theory of development is a progression of 8 stages that vary in terms of how we relate to other people?

Erickson's psychosocial theory

if not for your subcoeruleus, your would ? ? ? ?

act out your dreams

morphine is a powerful ? because it acts on neurons in the brainstem, enabling them to block pain signals coming from the body

analgesic

according to Piaget's theory, the 2 processes that drive children's mental development are called ? and ?

assimilation and accommodation

the drug class known as ? is a category of ?

barbiturates, depressants

your ability to perceive the color of a vibrant blue sky or a red rose depends on the responses of the ? in your retina, and your ability to find your way to the bathroom in the dark depends upon the ? in your retina

cones, rods

the cognitive theory that states that children adapt to the world by actively building and organizing their experiences is called ?

constructivism

Kohlberg described the type of moral reasoning used by most adults as ?

conventional

which of the following is the best example of social referencing? Rachel is not hurt when she takes a tumble on the playground, but when she sees her mother looking alarmed she begins to ? as though she were badly injured

cry

your brain is able to distinguish between the sound of a car horn and the sight of the car itself because the set of nerves that relays information from the ear to the brain is ? from the set that relays information from the eye to the brain

different

during ?, neurons grow into the body shape and dendrites appropriate for their specific functions

differentiation

James is usually upset when his mother leaves him, but when she returns, he sometimes shows no reaction and other times runs directly to her. this is displaying signs of what kind of attachment?

disorganized attachment

which statement best captures the concept of a sensitive period? some abilities, such as 3D vision, will not develop If a child does not have proper sensory input ? in life

early

the depth cue of motion parallax accounts for the fact that while you are moving forward you will perceive the closest object as moving ? and in the ? direction

fastest, opposite

marijuana is a ?

hallucinogen

one problem that sufferers of ? face is ?, a disorder in which people seem to be unaware of when they actually are asleep

insomnia, sleep-state misperception

Imagine your professor asks you to conduct an experiment in which you have to increase the intensity of a light several times and determine the smallest change in the intensity of light that your friend can detect. you are measuring your friends ? ? ?

just noticeable difference

when testing a split-brain patient, the key to accessing the information that the right hemisphere "sees" is having the participant point to an object with his/her ? hand

left

a child who regularly displays avoidant attachment will show little or no distress when her mother leaves her with a new caregiver. the next time the caregiver comes, the child will most likely show ? or ? response for the caregiver

little or no

an infant's vision improves from about 20/120 to about 20/30 by approximately eight months of age because neurons connecting the retinas and the brain ?

mature

the poor functioning of receptors for hypocretin in the hypothalamus plays a central role in the symptoms of ?

narcolepsy

suppose you are afraid of snakes. you become highly agitated even if you see a picture of a snake, but your fear disappears when you look away. in this case, your avoidance of snakes is being ? ?

negatively reinforced

list the first four stages of neural development in the correct order

neurogenesis-->cell migration-->differentiation-->synaptogenesis

nociceptors are free nerve endings that are specialized to sense ?

pain

dana is very shy and awkward in social situations. consequently, she tends not tog to parties or attend other social gatherings. dana is engaging in ? ?

passive avoidance

the optic disc is the part of the retina that has no ?

photoreceptors

what was Kohlberg most interested in when examining people's responses to the fictional story of Heinz stealing a drug for his ailing wife? the nature of their ? about their choice

reasoning

a ? ? is the region of space where stimuli affect the activity of a cell in a sensory neuron

receptive field

the alpha rhythm is a pattern of brain waves that occur during ? ?

relaxed wakefulness

which is an example of a positive punishment? a student is caught texting in class and the professor ? him in front of his classmates

reprimands

detection of the sound of a bell ringing is referred to as a ?. once you interpret the stimulus as the sound of your alarm clock, it is referred to as a ?

sensation, perception

psychologists use the term "sensory modality" to refer to a specific ?, such as vision or olfaction

sense

this morning, a very loud clap of thunder right outside your window startled you. for the rest of the day, any kind of loud sound -- a car backfiring, a dropped dish -- causes you to jump out of your chair. this is an example of ?

sensitization

list Piaget's stages of development in the correct order

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of size cue for monocular depth perception? from the back of a lecture hall, students in the front row appear ? to you than students halfway between the front and the back

smaller

? is characterized by K complexes and ? is characterized by slow-eave sleep

stage 2 sleep, stage 3 sleep

the easy problem of consciousness can be solved by defining different conscious experiences in terms of different brain ?

stages

which of the following best distinguishes operant conditioning from classical conditioning? in operant conditioning, a behavior elicits a ?; in classical conditioning, a stimulus elicits a ?

stimulus, behavior

the observation that adolescent brains show thinning in the top region of the cortex is evidence of the neural developmental process called ? ?

synapse rearrangement

a seven year old is typically better able to understand his friends feelings than a 3 year old. in other words, a seven year old has acquired a ? ? ?

theory of mind