Psych Exam 2 Review

For whom would reminiscence therapy likely be most effective as a treatment for depression?

Aleese, who is 85 years old.

Which of the following is an example of stigma experienced by a person with a mood disorder?

Amos's father is frustrated that Amos won't just snap out of it

Which child most likely has separation anxiety disorder?

Amy, a 4th grader who cannot sleep alone, gets stomachaches as a result, and has always needed her mom with her all night.

Ansel has all kinds of pain that he cannot find a medical explanation for. His doctor suggests that it is somatization, and they undergo tests to look for patterns that might support or refute this idea. Which of the following medical results would support his physicians hypothesis?

Ansel has an overactive somatosensory cortex.

Marlon is under great pressure from his parents to become a star basketball player. He certainly looks the part—tall and athletic. But Marlon only wishes to pursue a career in science. As he enters high school, he really does not want to play ball. He is so stressed about the pressure from his parents. About this time, he develops numbness in his legs that progresses to the point of paralysis. The doctors cannot find any medical explanation for his loss of function. Which somatoform does Marlon MOST likely have?

Conversion Disorder

You have exchanged letters with your new roommate for college, and know that she has a somatoform disorder of some kind because she tells you so in her note. Based only on the prevalence rates for the different kind of somatoform disorders, which one would you guess she has?

Hypochondriasis

Maya is very worried about her daughter developing an anorexia nervosa. At what age is her daughter at the greatest risk for this disorder?

16

Which person is at the greatest risk for developing a dissociative disorder?

A person who was sexually abused throughout childhood

Which of the following is NOT a strategy that has been studied as a way to prevent anxiety disorders?

A program that educates children on all the possible threats that exist in their area of the country

Linda has somatization disorder. As part of her treatment regimen, her husband and children are encouraged to focus on when she performs "well" behaviors and try to really reinforce that. So, if Linda makes it to work and doesn't complain about headaches, they go out for a special dessert as a family. If she goes to a party and is able to make it through without describing a physical symptom, her daughters talk enthusiastically about what a fun lady she is. What treatment strategy is being used with Linda?

contingency management

Mitchell is extremely stressed at work, his wife has just lost her job, and his child is struggling in school. As the pressure mounts, he really becomes very distressed. Then one day, he simply does not come home from work. His family searches tirelessly for him. He is found living about 500 miles away, working in a coffee shop, and says he has no memory of Mitchell. "I'm Sam," he tells them. "I don't know what you are talking about!" Mitchell probably has

dissociative fugue.

Major depressive disorder is to ________ as bipolar I disorder is to ________ .

dysthymia; cyclothymia

Gabriel is 17-years-old, and very lonely. He has few friends, and moves through the halls of his high school as if he were invisible. He has become increasingly depressed over the past six months, and decides that he will take his own life. "No one will miss me," he thinks to himself. Gabriel's suicide is

egoistic.

Zion has had a lot of difficulty in his life lately. He has lost a job he loved due to downsizing, and found work but is extremely underemployed. His wife recently told him she wanted a divorce. His dad died last month. Although depression has never run in his family, Zion finds himself becoming more and more depressed due to all of these circumstances. Zion's depression is

exogenous.

Jayla's mind is moving so fast she can barely keep up with her own thoughts. When a friend asks her what she has planned for the day, Jayla replies, "Lots! Lots! Lots! I'm on the go here then there and everywhere today!" Jayla's thoughts and her inability to express them as fast they occur is an example of

flight of ideas.

Daniel worries about everything constantly. He worries that if he can't take his mail to the post office it will get stolen from his home mailbox. He worries that his children might get hurt playing outside. He worries that he might fail at work. He can't sleep at night sometimes for all the anxiety, and constantly has his muscles up around his neck in knots from all the tension. Daniel probably has

generalized anxiety disorder

Aliyah is certain that she is the smartest person in her work place. She thinks she is clearly far more talented than everyone, and is destined to be the CEO. Aliyah actually has a very average IQ, and no one around her believes she is the kind of person who could run a business. Aliyah is experiencing a sense of

grandiosity.

Which brain structure has been studied the most in trying to understand eating disorders?

hypothalamus

Which person is MOST likely to commit suicide?

Tatyana, who lives in Russia

Karyn is a second-year college student. The job market in her field has not been very good in recent years, and she is very concerned about being able to find a job after graduation. She thinks a lot about the job market and what she can do to compete effectively in it, and plans her coursework around that. Karyn is experiencing ________ about the job market.

Worry

The negative cognitive triad includes all of the following EXCEPT

a sense that one's effort does not lead to the desired result.

Sherae is working with a client who she believes has post-traumatic stress disorder. She wants to see how close her client can get to the site of the trauma before stopping. Sherae should use which assessment method?

behavioral avoidance test

Malik alternates between manic states of euphoric, frenzied activity, and depressed states where he cannot get out of bed and ponders suicide. Malik has a

bipolar mood disorder.

Chantal is frightfully thin—5 feet 7 inches tall and weighs only 95 pounds. But when Chantal looks in a mirror, she is convinced her butt is too big and her stomach pooches out. Chantal has a

body image disturbance

Joey works in his family's furniture store, and has for years. When a customer asks him a question that he does not know the answer to, he is certain that this will result in the business failing because of his ignorance. Joey is engaged in which cognitive distortion associated with anxiety disorders?

catastrophizing

Chuck was in a traumatic military action in which he lost many of his close friends, and sustained a severe and painful injury to his legs. Later, he develops dissociative identity disorder. The alter ego calls himself Hartford, and Hartford is very aware of the traumatic event. Chuck, however, seems to have blocked it out of his memory completely. The fact that Chuck has segmented his memory so that Hartford is aware of this event while he is not himself aware of it illustrates...

compartmentalization

Ella is terrified of cats. She cannot be in a house with cats, she is terrified when she is on a walk and a cat is nearby. When she was young, she was attacked by a cat, which is where her phobia began. In this example, the cat is the...

conditioned stimulus

Bob is working with his therapist due to his social phobia. His therapist asks him to rate the likelihood that he will lose his job this week because of some social interaction going badly. Bob estimates it is 75% likely he will lose his job because of his social fear in the next week. His therapist suggests it is closer to 1% likelihood. The next week in their appointment, Bob's therapist asks if Bob lost his job in the last week, and of course he didn't. What cognitive therapeutic strategy is Bob's therapist using?

hypothesis testing

Shawn is terrified of dogs. He cannot take a walk in the neighborhood, go to a park, or go to visit any friends who are dog owners because he is so worried about being attacked by a dog. Shawn has sought therapy, and his therapist feels that flooding might be a successful treatment strategy for Shawn. The therapist describes to Shawn all the benefits of using flooding as a technique, as well as the risks. They discuss other possible treatment strategies as well, before Shawn agrees to undergo flooding treatment. Shawn's therapist has gained Shawn's ________ to treatment.

informed consent

Which of the following is an example of a compensatory nonpurging behavior?

intense exercise

Emily is prone binge eating, followed by purges through induced vomiting. Her binge eating may be motivated by ________ , as she never feels full in the course of a binge.

low levels of serotonin

A child who always pretends to be sick so he or she can get out of going to school is

malingering.

Desiree has dissociative identity disorder. She often cannot remember what happened when a personality takes over for a while. The personalities that take over, though, are very aware of everything that Desiree has done and said. This illustrates a ________ relationship.

one-way amnesiac

The goal of most drug treatments for dissociative disorders is to

reduce the severity of co-morbid symptoms.

Ariona is in treatment for an anxiety disorder. Her therapist has her tense and relax different muscle groups until she is completely tension-free. Her therapist asks her to focus on how different a muscle feels when it is tense versus relaxed. Ariona's therapist is using ________ as part of her treatment.

relaxation training

Which exposure technique would be most suitable for a client with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

response prevention

Ann, a researcher and clinician, recently lost a client to suicide. She wants to understand better what happened in case she can identify any features of this case that would have pointed to suicide so that she can be sure to assess for them in other clients who are depressed. She interviews his family members and friends, examines his journal entries and suicide note, evaluates his medical records. Ann is engaged in a...

retrospective analysis.

Allen is interviewing a candidate for a job that does not involve much interpersonal interaction. The interview is over lunch, and the candidate, Fred, is clearly very nervous and uncomfortable with social interaction. In fact, Fred has a social phobia. Even though the work does not involve much social interaction, Allen decides that Fred seems unstable. Allen's reaction illustrates the ________ associated with anxiety disorders.

stigma

Kelly weighs herself daily at the gym, and works out six days per week so she won't gain any weight. She has always felt her thighs were too large, and makes sure in her workouts that she gives special attention to leg work to try to tone that area. She maintains a normal weight, and isn't particularly distressed, but would really like to slim down through her legs. Kelly has..

weight concerns.

If you are a therapist with a depressed client, and you would like to know what physical symptoms and level of impairment your client experiences due to his depression, which self-report inventory should you use?

Beck Depression Inventory—II

What does it mean to say that bulimia is a culture-bound syndrome?

Bulimia is only found in certain cultures

Which person below has a personality at the greatest risk for developing an eating disorder?

Cher, who is impulsive and perfectionistic.

Which individual is likely to have the WORST prognosis?

Cherry, who has anorexia nervosa (purging subtype).

According to the permissive hypothesis, who would be most likely to develop bipolar disorder?

Elizabeth, who has low serotonin and high norepinephrine and dopamine

Which of the following is the BEST example of binge eating?

Mary, who eats a whole chocolate cake in her room by herself in a half hour.

Which of the following is NOT a diagnosis in itself, but rather a component of many disorders?

Panic Attack

Which type of medication would be most effective at treating somatoform disorders?

SSRI antidepressants like Paxil

Betty has been diagnosed with a mood disorder. As part of her treatment, this January her therapist had her sit in front of a bright light for 60 minutes each day. Betty's mood does seem remarkably improved. Betty probably had which mood disorder?

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Mindy is distressed about her financial situation, which has long been a difficulty for her. This distress seems to be expressed in stomachaches, headaches, and other physical symptoms. She visits the doctor for help in managing the discomfort these symptoms produce every year or so. This is an example of...

Somatization

Malia has been diagnosed with an eating disorder. She appears to eat normal amounts of food at all time, but she almost always takes laxatives to avoid gaining weight from what she consumes. Malia probably has...

anorexia nervosa—purging subtype.

Jada has major depressive disorder. She has tried two different types of antidepressants, and neither type has worked very effectively to lessen her symptoms. Her psychiatrist wants to try one more type of anti-depressant. It is probably a

monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).

Danny is very depressed, and as part of that depression he experiences physical fatigue. Danny has

presenting somatization.

The purpose of Stage 3 treatment in cognitive-behavioral treatment for eating disorders is to

prevent relapse

Kaitlyn often complains of headaches and stomach pain, and has doctor's appointments to try to address these symptoms every two weeks or so. Her physicians can find no medical explanation for her symptoms. Whenever Kaitlyn expresses complaints about these symptoms to her friends, they all make a point to call her more often and drop by to see how she is feeling. They may stay and visit, bring a little gift, of make a meal for her. Kaitlyn is experiencing ________ for her somatic complaints.

secondary gain

Use of electronic diaries is part of which assessment strategy for eating disorders?

self-monitoring

The connection from the amygdala to the area of the brain that helps a person remember and learn about highly anxiety-provoking situations is called the...

septal-hippocampal system.

Dale has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. With which anxiety disorder is Dale most likely to have been diagnosed?

specific phobia

Iliana has sought therapy because she cannot account for large blocks of missing time. For example, one night she was watching television. Then the next thing she remembers is waking up walking around by the riverbank, unsure of how she got there. And just last week her best friend called her and reported that although Iliana answered the phone, she did so in a strange voice, and insisted that her name was Eli, not Iliana. Eli sounded just like Iliana pretending to be a little boy. Eli is an example of a

subpersonality.

Prevention of eating disorders is particularly important for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

the prevalence rate of eating disorders is so high.