Psych exam 4

Erikson stages

-trust vs mistrust -autonomy vs shame and doubt -initiative vs guilt -industry vs inferiority -identity vs role confusion -Intimacy vs isolation - generativity vs stagnation - integrity vs despair

Formal Operations

12+ abstract reasoning

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)

20-40 yrs, good: love, intimate relationships, commitment. bad: avoidance of commitment, alienation, distancing oneself

Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

3-6 yrs, good: sense of purpose, ability to initiate activities, ability to enjoy accomplishment, bad: fear of punishment, restrict himself, show off

Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

6-11: Children learn new skills or they feel inferior

Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)

60- death. involves reevaluating what we have done in our lives. If we feel we have done well we have a sense of integrity, otherwise we experience gloom and doubt.

Concrete Operations

7-11ish; games, strategies, math

A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called____________ disorder. a) obsessive-compulsive b) delusional c) post-traumatic stress d) passive-aggressive

A

According to Baumrind's parental classification system, authoritative parents display a. high acceptance (warmth) and high control (expectations). b. high acceptance (warmth) and low control (few expectations). c. low acceptance (cold) and low control (few expectations). d. low acceptance (cold) and high control (expectations).

A

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ________. a. agoraphobia b. a social phobia c. arachnophobia d. trypanophobia

A

In Nature vs. Nurture, nurture refers to: a. Environmental factors impacting development b. Inherited (genetic) factors that impact development

A

Kids seem to benefit most from which style of parenting? A. Authoritative B. Authoritarian C. Permissive D. Neglectful

A

Toddler Andrea is riding in the car with her parents. When they pass a yard that is all dirt she yells "BEACH" A. Andrea assimilated new information that needed to be accommodated. B. Andrea accommodated information she could have assimilated

A

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder? a) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. b) Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. c) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women and phobic disorder is more common in men. d) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in kids while phobic disorder is more common in adults.

A

Which of these statements is FALSE? a) Compared to women, more men have Bipolar disorder. b) Compared to men, more women have Depression. c) Depression is more common than Bipolar disorder. d) Along with Depression, substance abuse and anxiety disorders are the most common diagnoses given.

A it is equal

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between ________. a) anxiety and mania b) depression and manic episodes c) mania and schizophrenia d) depression and schizophrenia

B

According to Baumrind's parental classification system, permissive parents display a. high acceptance (warmth) and high control (expectations). b. high acceptance (warmth) and low control (few expectations). c. low acceptance (cold) and low control (few expectations). d. low acceptance (cold) and high control (expectations).

B

Dr. Richards wants to document changes in moral thinking during childhood. He gets a group of 8 year olds, a group of 12 year olds and a group of 18 year olds and compares what they think about the prison sentence given to a man who steals food to feed his starving family. What type of study is this? a. Longitudinal b. Cross sectional c. Sequential d. Experimental

B

Language skills explode during which stage? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Concrete operational D. Formal operational

B

Like most days, Susan gets to work and cannot stop thinking about the fact that her stove might be on - and this is very distressing to her. She is currently experiencing _______. a) a hallucination b) an obsession c) a compulsion d) a delusion of reference

B

Maria is a factory worker who lives with anxiety. She meets all her basic daily responsibilities, but she feels horrible all the time. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria has a psychological disorder? a) disrupted functioning b) subjective discomfort, personal distress c) situational context d) social norm deviance

B

Mothers who were unresponsive, insensitive, and coldly rejecting were associated with ____ attached infants. a) securely b) avoidant c) ambivalent d) artfully

B

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ______. a) delusions b) hallucinations c) obsessions d) compulsions

B

Which type of parent is characterized as cold (non-accepting) and controlling? A. Authoritative B. Authoritarian C. Permissive D. Neglectful

B

Your little brother has a big ball of clay. While he watches, you roll the ball of clay into a long snake-like shape. He begins to cry because he thinks he has less clay now. Which of Piaget's stages is your brother likely to be in? a) sensorimotor b) preoperational c) formal operational d) concrete operational

B

According to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development between 2 and 6 years of age, in which the child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world, is the ______ stage. a) concrete operations b) sensorimotor c) preoperational d) formal operations

C

According to Thomas and Chess, a good fit is one where A. The parent and the child's temperament are the same B. The parent and the child's temperament are different (opposites attract - do well together) C. The parent is sensitive to the child's needs for structure and stimulation when making decisions

C

Aidan is busy at work mentoring the new college graduates working at his company. He enjoys spending weekends visiting his children and grandchildren. Which of Erikson's stages is he facing? a. Industry vs. Inferiority b. Intimacy vs. Isolation c. Generativity vs. Stagnation d. Integrity vs. Despair

C

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are most characteristic of ______. a) mood disorders b) schizophrenia c) anxiety disorders d) amnesia

C

Joey's attachments are classified as avoidant. His mother is most likely A. Warm and sensitive B. Inconsistent C. Rejecting

C

Kids are most likely to show an interest in playing games with rules during which of Piaget's stages? a) sensorimotor period b) pre-operational c) concrete operational d) formal operational

C

Laura is clingy and dependent. She is moody and gets frustrated easily when things are not going as planned. Her parents are likely to be A. Authoritative B. Authoritarian C. Permissive D. Uninvolved

C

Sammy is in third grade. When he won the spelling bee, he felt proud of his accomplishment. But when he could not complete his arithmetic assignment on time, he felt incompetent. Which of Erikson's developmental stages does this reflect? A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt B. Initiative vs. guilt C. Industry vs. inferiority D. Trust vs. mistrust

C

Ted's mother wears a t-shirt that says "Because I'm your mom, that's why!" She tends to be critical of her son and his friends, and only rarely allows him to give his opinion in family decision-making. Ted's mom is exhibiting the traits associated with the ____ parenting style. a. permissive b. authoritative c. authoritarian d. neglectful

C

What is the best way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? a. clearly identifiable symptoms b. a decrease in normal functioning c. an excess or distortion of normal functions d. symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring

C

Which of these is a problem for longitudinal studies? a. Cohort effects b. Centration c. Attrition d. Egocentrism

C

According to Baumrind's parental classification system, authoritarian parents display a. high acceptance (warmth) and high control (expectations). b. high acceptance (warmth) and low control (few expectations). c. low acceptance (cold) and low control (few expectations). d. low acceptance (cold) and high control (expectations).

D

Billy calls the male librarian with long hair Mrs. Jones - which of these likely contributed to this mistake? A. Egocentrism B. Object permanence C. Irreversibility D. Centration

D

Research on the stability of temperament indicates that it is _______________. a) unstable and subject to wide variations over the course of a lifetime b) unstable during childhood, stabilizes during adolescence, remains stable throughout adulthood c) relatively stable through the age 4, but varies dramatically once a child reaches school age d) relatively stable from infancy into adulthood

D

Which one of the following is most likely to cause a problem for children during a conservation task? a) object permanence b) symbolic function c) egocentrism d) centration

D

Cohort effects

Differences based on era - not age. (Elderly people more likely to save money than middle-aged people due to Great Depression)

attrition

Drop outs that can distort information. (Aggressive 5-year-olds unavailable when they're 15 b/c they're in juvy.)

autonomy vs shame and doubt stage

Erikson's stage between ages of one and three, where the child must develop a sense of control over bodily functions and over the environment. E.g.Toilet training mastery.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service

Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

Infancy (to 1 year) If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust.

centration

Tendency to focus on only one (obvious) aspect of object or problem (dress means girl, grey means old, big belly means pregnancy)

Which pair consists of negative symptoms of schizophrenia? a) withdrawal and flat affect b) flat or blunted affect and delusions c) avolition and hallucinations d) delusions and hallucinations

a

Define mania

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

biopsychosocial

a theory or perspective that relies on the interaction of biological, individual psychological, and social variables

symbolic function

ability to substitute things for each other (including words)

Sensorimotor

birth-2; explore world through action (senses and muscles)

According to Baumrind's parental classification system, neglectful/ uninvolved parents display a. high acceptance (warmth) and high control (expectations). b. high acceptance (warmth) and low control (few expectations). c. low acceptance (cold) and low control (few expectations). d. low acceptance (cold) and high control (expectations).

c

Behavior that reduces anxiety (at least temporarily) in OCD a. Delusion b. Obsession c. Compulsion d. Hallucination

c

Laurie, a 30-year-old homemaker, has delusions and hallucinations, often acts silly, giggles loudly and inappropriately, makes odd gestures, and does not bathe or change her clothes regularly. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ____ a) generalized anxiety disorder b) major depression c) schizophrenia d) social phobia

c

The symbolic function allows for: a) language growth b) pretend play c) both of these d) neither of these

c

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder? a. bipolar disorder b. conversion disorder c. phobic disorder d. schizophrenia

c

etiology

cause (know biopsychosocial)

When do math skills explode (take off)?

concrete operational thought

positive symptoms ex

delusions and hallucinations

delusions

false beliefs

Hallucinations

false perceptions (sights, sounds, tastes, etc)

When do we see abstract thought?

formal operational thought

Preoperational

from 2 - 6 or 7 years; child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Prevalence

how common

egocentrism

inability to see it from another viewpoint

symbolic function

indiviudual can substitute one thing for another (words for items or ideas and objects for other things)

object permanence

knowing things still exist when you can't see them

diagnosis

label/name

Nurture refers to things like

nutrition, parenting styles, SES, family structure and dynamics, friendships, school factors, etc etc etc

According to Piaget, symbolic function is a major accomplishment of the _______ stage of development.

pre-operational

When do language abilities explode (take off)?

pre-operational thought

Prognosis

probably outcome

obsessions

recurrent, intrusive thoughts/ideas (that cause anxiety)

compulsions

repetitive rituals (that temporarily decrease anxiety)

negative symptoms

represent a decrease in function compared to healthy individuals