psych exam 4

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was introduced in the ________; it is used to treat severe ________.

1930s; depression

Rosy is an elementary school teacher. One morning, she wakes up to find that she has lost her hearing ability. She visits her doctor who, after a few tests, establishes that the cause of her physical disturbance is purely psychological as no biological reason is confirmed for her problem. He also explains that Rosy has a somatic symptom disorder. In this scenario, Rosy is most likely suffering from

a conversion disorder.

The Type B behavior pattern is characterized by

patience.

Based on the study conducted with more than 8,000 men and women between the ages of 15 and 54 in the United States, it was found that

48% of those interviewed had experienced a disorder at some point in their lives.

Identify a true statement about background stressors. A. They produce unpleasant emotions and moods. B. They require day-to-day coping. C. They make people stronger by boosting their immune systems. D. They go unnoticed without any impact on the individual.

A.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about problem-focused coping? A. Problem-focused coping leads to changes in behavior or to the development of a plan of action to deal with stress. B. People use problem-focused strategies more frequently when they perceive circumstances as being unchangeable. C. Problem-focused coping includes strategies such as accepting sympathy from others and looking at the bright side of a situation. D. In problem-focused coping, a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes.

A.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding male and female physicians' communication with their patients? A. Female physicians provide more patient-centered communication than do male physicians. B. Female physicians provide less patient-centered communication than do male physicians. C. Female and male physicians provide equivalent amounts of patient-centered communication. D. Male physicians provide more information regarding the diagnosis and the prescribed treatment than do their female counterparts.

A.

Which of the following would qualify as an example of a cataclysmic event? A. being stranded in an earthquake affected area B. getting ready for the first day at work C. getting irritated due to a slow Internet connection at work D. suffering from a severe headache

A.

________ is a disorder typically marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate doings.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Which drug class is matched with the correct neurotransmitter action? A. mood stabilizers—increase norepinephrine activity B. antipsychotics—block dopamine receptors C. antidepressants—increase activity of GABA D. antianxiety drugs—inhibit serotonin reuptake

B.

Which of the following is a suitable way of handling transference? A. The therapist should discourage and attempt to minimize the patient's transference. B. The therapist can take advantage of transference to help the patient "redo" difficult relationships. C. The therapist should simply ignore the patient's transference. D. The therapist should refer the patient to another professional toward whom the patient is unlikely to demonstrate transference.

B.

________ approaches to psychotherapy tend to be more successful than are ________ approaches. A) Psychodynamic and humanistic; behavioral cognitive B) Cognitive behavioral; psychodynamic C) Cognitive and humanistic; behavioral and psychodynamic D) Behavioral and client-centered; cognitive and psychodynamic

B.

________ treatment approaches make use of the principles of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, and assume that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned.

Behavioral

________ is a disorder in which a person typically alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression.

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following statements best expresses the position of most health psychologists on the mind-body issue? A. The mind and the body are separate entities. B. The mind and the body are one and the same. C. The mind and the body are clearly linked. D. Health psychologists are concerned only with the body.

C

Which of the following is TRUE of the symptoms of mood disorders? A. In mania, the individual cycles between periods of intense happiness on the one hand and deep depression on the other. B. In bipolar disorder, the individual feels elated all the time and seems to have boundless energy. C. In major depressive disorder, the individual feels useless, worthless, and lonely, and also thinks the future is hopeless. D. In manic-depressive disorder, the individual seems to have lost his or her eyesight.

C.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about emotion-focused coping? A. In emotion-focused coping, a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes. B. Taking time-out from stress by creating positive events is a type of emotion-focused coping. C. Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is unchangeable. D. Emotion-focused coping attempts to modify the source of stress.

C.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about emotion-focused coping? A) In emotion-focused coping, a person may use wishful thinking to reduce stress or use more direct escape routes. B) Taking time-out from stress by creating positive events is a type of emotion-focused coping. C) Emotion-focused coping may be more effective than problem-focused coping when the situation is unchangeable. D) Emotion-focused coping attempts to modify the source of stress.

C.

________ approaches to psychotherapy tend to be more successful than are ________ approaches.

Cognitive behavioral; psychodynamic

________ approach is a treatment approach that incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think.

Cognitive-behavioral

How does contemporary psychodynamic therapy differ from classic psychoanalysis?

Contemporary therapists put less emphasis on a patient's past history and childhood than classic psychoanalysts.

Rosy is an elementary school teacher. One morning, she wakes up to find that she has lost her hearing ability. She visits her doctor who, after a few tests, establishes that the cause of her physical disturbance is purely psychological as no biological reason is confirmed for her problem. He also explains that Rosy has a somatic symptom disorder. In this scenario, Rosy is most likely suffering from A) a dysthymic disorder. B) vascular dementia. C) hypochondriasis. D) a conversion disorder.

D

Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive therapy? A. It is relatively long term and usually lasts 10 to 15 years. B. It focuses on the past experiences of the patient. C. It emphasizes the fact that life is in reality sometimes irrational. D. It is highly structured and focuses on concrete problems.

D.

Which of the following is a reason for ineffective communication between primary-care physicians and their patients? A. Patients believe themselves to be "all knowing," resulting in serious communication problems. B. Primary-care physicians cannot use technical terms with patients and thereby fail to communicate effectively. C. Many primary-care physicians are not able to communicate effectively as they do not know their patients on a personal level. D. The relatively high prestige of physicians intimidates patients, which affects communication.

D.

Which of the following is an example of a personal stressor? A. getting stuck in a severe traffic jam B. waiting in a restaurant for a long duration for an order to be taken C. being informed about a suicide bomb attack D. giving birth to a baby

D.

Which of the following is true of daily hassles? A. They are short-lived and do not add up over time. B. They require a definitive response on the individual's part. C. They are the major troubles that people encounter every day. D. They are associated with the occurrence of flu, sore throat, and backaches.

D.

Which of the following is true of the cognitive perspective on anxiety disorders? A. It proposes the dopamine hypothesis, which suggests that schizophrenia results from excess activity in the areas of the brain that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter. B. It supports the notion that anxiety disorders are the result of people's feelings of loss or of anger directed inwardly at themselves. C. It suggests that a person's characteristic level of anxiety is related to a specific gene involved in the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin. D. It suggests that people's maladaptive thoughts about the world are at the root of an anxiety disorder.

D.

________ is a form of amnesia in which the individual leaves home suddenly and assumes a new identity.

Dissociative fugue

________ is a disorder in which a person displays two or more sets of likes and dislikes as well as reactions to the same situation.

Dissociative identity disorder

________ is a behavioral treatment for anxiety in which people are confronted either suddenly with a stimulus that they fear.

Flooding

________ therapy refers to short-term therapy that focuses on the context of current social relationships.

Interpersonal

Despite being criticized, why has psychodynamic therapy remained a viable approach to psychological treatment?

It facilitates the development of deep insight into one's life.

How might one best respond to the charge that behavior therapy produces only a superficial change in external behavior?

Neuroscientific evidence shows that behavioral treatments produce actual changes in the functioning of the brain.

________ symptoms of schizophrenia are disordered behavior such as hallucinations, delusions, and emotional extremes.

Positive

Eric is always in a hurry. He feels that anything that needs to be done should be done urgently. It is most likely that Eric has a ________ personality.

Type A

Research shows that winning the lottery usually leads to

an initial surge in happiness, followed by a slow return to previous levels.

Which of the following is an eating disorder?

anorexia nervosa

Drugs that reduce the level of worry or tension a person experiences and increase feelings of well-being are known as

antianxiety drugs.

Prozac is an example of a(n)

antidepressant drug.

Tricyclic drugs, MAO inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are examples of which class of drugs?

antidepressants

Roger is a manipulative individual who has no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others. It is most likely that he has

antisocial personality disorder.

Sally was irritated as her cell phone got switched off due to low battery. This is an example of a

background stressor.

Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, may result from

cataclysmic events and severe personal stressors.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used to treat

depression

The results of Rosenhan's classic study illustrate that

placing labels on individuals powerfully influences the way mental health workers perceive and interpret their actions.

Thomas, a 35-year-old, has constantly been under immense pressure at work. As a result, he has been suffering from insomnia for the last 3 years. He has also been complaining of muscle tension and severe headaches. However, his medical reports show that he is not suffering from any physiological or genetic disorder. Thomas is most likely suffering from

generalized anxiety disorder.

Smokers are more likely to quit smoking when

heir friends are quitting.

The predisposition model of schizophrenia suggests that

individuals may inherit an inborn sensitivity to schizophrenia.

A proponent of the cognitive perspective on depression who subscribes to the ideas of psychologist Martin Seligman is most likely to support the idea that depression is largely a response to

learned helplessness.

The cognitive perspective on psychological disorders assumes that abnormal behaviors are the result of

maladaptive thoughts.

Gloria considers herself an exceptional human being. She expects special treatment from others but does not take others' feelings into consideration. Gloria's behavior indicates that she is suffering from

narcissistic personality disorder.

A patient with social anxiety is asked to watch a short video in which an individual greets strangers in a crowded room, makes small talk, and smiles pleasantly. The individual in the video appears to gain pleasure from these activities. The behavior therapy technique used in this scenario is

observational learning.

Sam washes his hands very frequently. In spite of this, he feels that his hands are not clean and that he might acquire a viral disease due to poor hygiene. Given this information, we can conclude that Sam has

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Adaptation to stress

occurs without a person's awareness.

Isabella, a 29-year-old, feels a sense of impending, unavoidable doom. Without any warning, she frequently experiences sudden shortness of breath, faintness, and cold sweats. This has been happening for the last 6 months. Doctors say there is no identifiable trigger for her condition. She has recently quit her job to work from home as she wants to avoid any further embarrassment. In the given scenario, from which of the following is Isabella most likely suffering?

panic disorder

According to the sociocultural perspective on psychological disorders, which of the following factors is viewed as a possible cause of abnormal behavior?

poverty

The first form of psychosurgery to be developed was the

prefrontal lobotomy

The key component of the Type A behavior pattern, hostility, is highly toxic because it

produces excessive physiological arousal in stressful situations.

In person-centered therapy, the therapist

provides unconditional positive regard.

Which perspective on psychological disorders primarily argues that psychological disorders stem from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression?

psychoanalytic perspective

Despite growing up in an environment characterized by unemployment, violence, drug abuse, and poverty, Geoff finished college and is successful and thriving today. Geoff is

resilient.

People enter the last stage of the general adaptation syndrome—exhaustion—when

resistance is inadequate.

Atypical antipsychotics affect both ________ and ________ levels in the brain.

serotonin; dopamine

Ken avoids using elevators and sitting in cars with the windows rolled up. This is because Ken has an intense fear of closed spaces. In this scenario, it is most likely that Ken suffers from a(n)

specific phobia.

Jayden, a therapist, is treating Kayla, who is afraid of closed spaces. Jayden trains Kayla in relaxation techniques and then asks her to list her fears in increasing order of severity. He asks Kayla to relax her body and think of the first situation listed in the hierarchy of her fears. Once Jayden is convinced that she is able to think of her fear in a relaxed state, he asks her to move on to the next situation, and so on. When Kayla succeeds in imagining herself in all the fear-invoking situations listed, Jayden asks her to use a crowded elevator. Identify the behavioral treatment Jayden uses in this scenario.

systematic desensitization

According to humanistic therapists, psychological disorders result from

the inability to find meaning in life and connection to others.

Which of the following is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

the resistance stage